Essays on Neighborhoods

How to Use Policy to Change Public School’s Funding and Resources Allocation

Ph.D. in Education-Leadership, Change, Policy in Education

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the funding disparities deprive many minorities and low-income families of the opportunity for education success. The research endeavors to explore different ways policy can be used to equally allocate educational resources and use them to the advantage of the less fortunate sections of the society. As one of its important goals, this prospectus paper informs the research as to how to weigh the options available to the school managements and the education policy makers. The paper provides a purpose to the proposed study by dwelling upon ...

Question 1

1.1 In her taxonomy, Joh (2005) describes private policing as law enforcement activities offered through agencies owned and controlled by private individuals. That said, unlike their public counterparts, private police officers concentrate on property loss, preventive techniques, private justice, and safeguarding personal interests. As such, these entities mainly operate as parallel entities, each focusing on their individual duties in law enforcement. This taxonomy is both useful and an excellent beginning in the categorization of various forms of private policing as explained below. On the one hand, some of the existing classifications include publicly contracted, protective, intelligence, and corporate security ...

Introduction

The book The Lucifer Effect by Philip Zimbardo argues that beneath any man lies some degree of evil, so detrimental if exposed under duress. The Lucifer Effect explains how good men can transform when exposed to stressful environments to commit heinous activities beyond imaginable moral magnitudes. In this regard, the author empirically explains the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) the processes involved in transforming good men into committing evil and heinous activities under duress and powerful situational forces. A comparison between the SPE findings and those of the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq have strong correlations in ...

LEED Neighborhood Development (ND) rating systems such LEED-ND are designed for the certification of exemplary neighborhood development projects which show exemplary performance in relation to smart growth, green building, and new urbanism. Contextually, such development projects include whole neighborhoods, multiple neighborhoods, and even parts of neighborhoods. By reviewing the Pilot version of the LEED-ND 2007 certification document, it is evident that LEED-ND systems are designed to drive the marketplace towards acknowledging the central doctrine of green building i.e. the simple fact that our personal, economic and environment health is significantly influenced by our immediate surroundings which include the places ...

Childhood Obesity

The study by Datar, and Nancy Nicosia (2012) has Level VI (level of evidence), and is of sufficiently good quality as the research is empirical in nature and has minimal level of bias due to the appropriate data collection procedure and instrument validity. The study is significant as it is working on one of the most important healthcare problems in the world, i.e. childhood obesity. It is also important as the study deals with Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class (ECLS-K) along with instrumental variables, so that the outcomes would come on the basis of well-documented facts. With the ...

Abstract

Organizational designs refer to the way the management achieve the best combination of integration and differentiation on operations. Police are one of the law enforcement agencies that operate under various organizational designs. The Boston Police Department is divided into 11 neighborhoods districts and three zones. The organizational design model in the chapter is the line and staff structure. Boston Massachusetts Police Department uses the line and structure model. Line and staff structure enable line staff to gain knowledge and skills from the staff managers. The Boston Police Department has adopted a working design. The BPD should clearly indicate the ...

Research Paper

Abstract The youth is the most at-risk group in terms of gang membership nowadays. It has been found in several studies that gang involvement largely appeal to adolescents, especially those living in poor neighborhoods, estranged or alienated in schools, and in conflict with police authorities or the larger criminal justice system. Researchers reported that the youth turns to gangs to compensate for their lack of adequate and proper socialization. Large communities, or areas with sizable populations, have serious gang-related problems. This paper discusses existing empirical studies on gang formation, membership, and violence. There is a considerable dearth of studies ...

There are environmental factors which could affect the development of the child. One of these factors is the quality of life in the neighborhood. It could affect the function of the parents and could influence the children’s development. It could be considered as an environmental stressor. Studies revealed that social support could improve parenting styles. These social supports could come from the community especially from the neighborhood. However, social support and parenting in the impoverished neighborhood are less likely to improve parenting styles and child development. As an environmental stressor, lifestyle of neighborhood affects social support and parenting ...

Discussion on Various Topics

The problem relates to how marijuana should be legalized throughout the United States. There are now twenty-four U.S. jurisdictions that have enacted medical marijuana laws (MMLs), or laws that protect individuals who use marijuana upon recommendation of physicians, farmers who plant and supply the market, and doctors who issue prescription regarding use of marijuana (Smart 1). The legalization of medical marijuana will create a need for change, for example, new laws, policies, knowledge of medical and psychological effects, and education to help people understand the proper use of marijuana. There are many issues to be resolved if legalization of ...

Introduction

Urban sprawl has turned out to be a controversial issue in recent times due to the rate at which green spaces are disappearing in most of the cities, especially in the United States. Nnaemeka-Okeke (2016) describes urban sprawl as the expansion of a community devoid of concern for the environmental impact. In other words, urban sprawl is the uncontrolled expansion of the metropolitan areas. This phenomenon primarily results in the extinction of green spaces and a variety of environmental consequences. Banai and DePriest (2014) maintain that urban sprawl is considered a cause of the climate change, with environmental effects ...

Currently living in the city of Atlanta Georgia, I am a native Californian. At a young age, I was introduced to pastoral care. My grandfather enjoyed a prominent position as an elder in the Baptist church. He would visit his members on a regular basis. He was the one who actually introduced me to learn about pastoral care as a PK. The basis of Pastoral care, as exemplified in one's treatment of the neighborhoods, grew out of the theological commitment as demonstrated in one's love for God’s people. I believe that my interest in pastoral care is a ...

Impact of Immigration on the European Economy

YOURSCHOOL Impact of Immigration on the European Economy In the weblog (blog) assignment Hűttl and Alvaro (2015) take the position that the economic impact of immigration in Europe is quite small. The blog article cites ten sources ranging from formal peer reviewed articles such as Műnz, Straubhaar, Vadean and Vadean (2006) to popular websites such as the Huffington Post. The overall conclusion of the assigned blog post, all sources considered, is that immigration is a net benefit and therefore, can be considered healthy for the economy. Labor impacts play an important role in the analysis of impacts ...

Evidence from New York City and a Five City Social Experiment.”

In this paper, the authors reviewed the ongoing research being done on the “Broken Windows” theory of crime reduction in inner cities. The authors here look at a pair of studies designed to determine the efficacy of the Broken Windows theory and whether it has any validity at all. The reason the authors are considering this question is that considerable policing resources have been committed by major cities like New York, Chicago and Los Angeles toward implementing this theory. The following will review this paper, considering its evaluation of the theory involved. This paper by Harcourt and Ludwig is ...

Introduction

The World Health Organization (n.d) defines substance abuse as the harmful or hazardous uptake of psychoactive chemicals, including illicit drugs and alcohol. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2014), substance abuse refers to the use of legal or illegal drugs inappropriately. This term includes the repeated use of drugs for pleasure, stress alleviation or reality alteration as well as the use of prescription medicines in other ways than prescribed (NIDA, 2014). Substance abuse and addiction can lead to potentially fatal diseases such as lung disease, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular problems, cancer, and hepatitis (Marsiglia et al., 2014). People who ...

Introduction

The question of racial discrimination in the legal system of the United States is a sought after topic despite limited evidence to support its existence at present. Although the nation once participated in discriminatory practices in the past, the majority of the activities ceased during the last few decades. Despite sweeping developments in recent years, the news never grows old while reporting a possible aberration. This research paper examines the evidence of data available in the books against the media reports which claim the rampant existence of racial discrimination. Each section in this research paper will raise question regarding ...

Discussion Board Posts

Main post starting a thread: “Closing the Wealth Gap: A Review of Racial and Ethnic Inequalities in Homeownership” by Meghan Kuebler Home ownership does not represent an equally realizable goal for all groups in the society, despite the fact that it is a very important investment that may secure a family’s future for generations to come. Although owning a home has been part of the American dream historically, not all groups in the society have had equal access to this privileged position as home owner. In reality, Whites are more likely than any other racial group to own ...

The growth of LA as a religious hub in the US can be attributed to the high number of immigrants who chose to settle in the city. Almost all religions are represented in LA with minority communities playing a significant role in the establishment of distinct religious practices as well as institutions. The high number of churches established by different ethnic groups also explains the reason why LA is diverse regarding cultural divisions. Los Angeles is often described as a city with no ethnic majority because of the influence of various religious groups. Even the minority groups such as ...

Overview: Historically, law enforcement and the community have had a tense relationship. The conflictual nature of the relationship is based on the fact that community members do not think traditional policing is in their best interest. They suggest that community policing model should be the strategy employed to address crime and criminality in the communities of which they are a part. At the same time law enforcement and its police officers believe that its primary role is that of crime control. These differing views have further widened the gap in police community relations as both law enforcement, and community ...

Introduction

In spite of the contribution of urbanization to the economic growth in Zhejiang, its adverse effects far much outweigh the positives since sustainability of the ecosystem and the society is at stake. Environmental concerns, particularly air pollution, are real threats to the ecosystem since they lead to increased atmospheric temperatures which in turn result in climate changes. Urbanization contributes to pollution through higher energy consumption and motorization that have resulted in higher volumes of greenhouse gasses emitted in the air. The shrinking of natural resources is another consequence of urbanization where there is the rampant destruction of natural habitats, ...

This paper will present an analysis of Martin Luther King’s “I have a Dream speech.” The analysis will focus on the five key elements of the five elements of dramatistic pentad. These are act, agency, agent, scene, and purpose.

Act:

The “I have a dream” speech was a speech that sought to fight for civil rights liberties and freedoms for oppressed Americans. Black Americans had suffered discrimination for centuries in the country. The speech began with a history of the suffering of the black people in America. It also gave an excellent portrayal of the struggles the black people ...

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The US Constitution allows Congress the power to deploy the ‘militia’ with the objective of “executing the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions.” In addition, it ensures that the states are protected against aggression to overthrow the “republican government” and, upon the request of the state government, against civil disturbances. These constitutional tenets are seen in the 1807 Insurrection Act prior to and after the adoption of 1878 Posse Comitatus Act. The latter bans the deliberate engagement of any component of the Army or the Air Force unless allowed by the ambit of Congress ...

Introduction

In all lifestyles, and in every species, the congregation of a select type is a common phenomenon. Despite the sophistication and technology, humankind is no different. There are unwritten criteria for all job applications, school admissions, and even military recruitment. The theory of strength in numbers runs deep among human beings since the advent divisions based on class and color. Racial profiling is the act of singling out a particular community of people to discriminate against. In the United States, racial profiling has two sides to the story. There are legitimate actions termed as racial profiling by people who ...

Health financing in healthcare economics has been essential in analyzing how individuals generate and allocate financial resources in health systems. Part of this discipline is the analysis of sociopolitical and economic factors in driving consumer spending. On one hand, socioeconomic factors study how economic behavior interacts with social processes to impact healthcare. Contrarily, sociopolitical factors examine how individuals combine social and political factors to impact health through policy. This assignment compares socioeconomic and sociopolitical factors given their impact on healthcare finance and patient care from a nursing perspective. The sociopolitical factors refer to the extent to which individuals let ...

In America today there is a great deal of anger, strife and unrest. In fairness it is impossible in a diverse land to “please” everyone. The reality is that much of this social unrest stems from a number of reasons. Three of those reasons include income, race and gender as it exists in this modern era. While each can be discussed and addressed individually, they are, in fact, completely intertwined. Despite the ideal that America is based on the ideas of equality for all Americans is something of a myth in many towns, cities and states across the country. ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

Martin Luther King Jr.’s historical speech “I Have a Dream” has been a pivotal moment in history for black America. As a leader of the Civil Rights movement, MLK had a great vision of justice and equality for black men, women, and children that had not been honored by white America. Despite the signing of the Proclamation of Emancipation a hundred years prior to MLK’s speech, black people still lived segregated and in oppression. It was MLK’s brave and courageous stance that empowered black people throughout America to begin the non-violent fight for what should have ...

Introduction

Every fiscal quarter, automated writing algorithms produce thousands of corporate earning articles using little more than structured data. Companies such as Automated Insights and Narrative Science can write articles on almost any domain with clean and well-structured data. The machine-written articles have variability, tone, and style, and at times are difficult to differentiate them from human-written articles. The automated writing algorithms offer scale, speed, and labor-saving cost. However, the effects of the compromise on media organizations are nuance and accuracy. Thousands of machine-written and published articles had to be corrected for some kind of error (Diakopoulos). The errors range ...

Introduction

Adolescence is a time when a person’s physical, psychological, social and cognitive growth is of great importance. During this time, the person is not a child and they are not yet an adult and some of the choices made at this time in regards to their health, lifestyle, and attitudes can be continued into adulthood. People in this stage are greatly influenced both academically and socially by social interactions. Some relationships established in academic institutions with peers and authority figures are said to be major socializing agents, especially for middle school students. Even though school is considered a ...

Introduction

The Greater Toronto Area has been recognized as one of the most affected provinces in Canada by poverty. This aspect contrasts the distinct image the rest of the world has with regards to the region, especially of Toronto. Stapleton (2015) indicates that Toronto’s economy accounts for almost 11% of the country’s GDP with its exports equaling close to $70 billion in products and services. In addition, it is also a hub for Information and Communication Technology as well as Canada’s media and financial center. As a result, the population in the city is comprised of wealthy ...

INTRODUCTION

In human society there have always been laws and lawbreakers. Police were designed to protect the public from the dangerous offenders who might steal from them, harm them or kill them. The idea was that police were to be a positive inclusion in American cities, towns and neighborhoods. In some cases and some places they are exactly that. However, over the last few years there have been more and more instances where police have committed acts of unnecessary force, extreme violence and, unfortunately, including the use of deadly force in cases where their actions and motivation are being questioned ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

The capitalistic economy was a result of the medieval age when the Europeans suffered from the lack of markets, trade, production, and economic activities as well as the epidemic diseases like Black Death. The Europeans found the solution to the problems in the medieval age by producing more than the people needed in Europe and market it to the other people. Also, the commercial attacks to the Asian countries starting from the Ottoman Empire to India had given the opportunity of moving the valuable or tradable items to the European countries such as seasonings and precious medals. The invention ...

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Introduction

Adolescence is a developmental period of individuals aged 13-19, which has its own peculiarities to distinguish between childhood and adulthood. Adolescents’ brain is not fully matured and is still subject to rapid development, which explains specific changes in youths’ reflecting and behavior. Spear (2013) supports this idea by claiming that “adolescent-typical ways of thinking and behaving appear in part neurobiologically based” (p. 11). In this regard youths’ social life relies on their perception of self-identity formed through family relations and peer networks in school and out of school. ...

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. The Causes of Juvenile Crime and Masculinity Theories 4 2.1. Connell’s Hegemonic Masculinity Theory 4 2.2. Youth Gangs in the USA and Masculine Gang Formation 5 2.3. The Causes of Juvenile Gang Crime 6 3. Discussion and conclusions 8

References 9

Introduction The United States of America has one of the highest incarceration and crime rates in worldwide. In accordance with the findings of the United States Department of Justice approximately 10-12% of all crime perpetrated in the country is attributed to the minors. Despite the fact that there is a steady decline of crime ...

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Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Negative Health Outcomes:

A Specific Look at Heart Disease and Diabetes in Americans Introduction The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified heart disease as the leading cause of death in the United States . Just as concerning is the rising epidemic of diabetes as the seventh leading cause of death among Americans, and the recognition of heart disease as one of the major complications and potentially fatal co-occurring illnesses of people with type 2 diabetes. Because malnutrition is a commonality between the increase of diabetes and fatal heart disease, research suggests that changing the dietary and physical ...

Letter of Transmittal

Richard Albert Sylvester Management Consultant Lamplighters Corporation Ottawa K I P 5B5 Phone: 613-563-1509 www.lamplightres.ca The Right Honorable Justin P.J. Trudeau

Office of the Prime Minister

80 Wellington Street

Ottawa, ON K1A 0A2

RE: Project Suitability Report on the Proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Pipeline Project Dear Right Honorable Prime Minister, It is with great pleasure and honor that I submit this report on the suitability of the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline project. The Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline project proposal by Kinder Morgan aims at increasing the current capacity of the existing Trans Mountain oil pipeline. Currently, the existing infrastructure has a capacity of 300,000 barrels per ...

Overview

Stray animals often refer to cats and dogs that were once domesticated and have wandered from their abode. According to the Oxford Lafayette Humane Society, “there are approximately 70 million stray dogs and cats in the US.” (Animal Overpopulation) These animals can often be seen wandering in neighborhoods or on busy streets. Animals become strays for a number of reasons. This may include; loss or abandonment by pet owners, animals who are not neutered reproduce, insufficient shelters and animal care centers, lack of financial support from the government and so on.

Increase of stray animals in neighborhoods

(a) Stray animals in neighborhoods often increase when ...

According to the fourth amendment Act, if the police suspect that an individual has a reason to believe that a crime is going to be committed, they have a right to stop a citizen and search them briefly. A frisk is a pat down of a person’s outer clothing in search of possessions which are considered armful and dangerous . There are various issues which are associated with the stop and frisk campaign with concerns being raised over the possibility of racial discrimination, violation of privacy rights and illegal stops. Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be stopped ...

The issue of drug addiction and abuse of other substances has always been a very controversial matter. One thing is clear: "the use and abuse of drugs creates an enormous toll on our nation's health, its economy, and families and communities" (Belenko & Spohn, 2015, p. 1). Although the negative consequences of substance and drug abuse are well-known to everybody, people differ in opinion regarding drug legalization and whether any individual should have a civil right to abuse drugs. Some people argue that an individual should be responsible for his/her choices and, therefore, they should have a civil right to ...

Gun violence in the United States has become quite a huge problem as various crimes related to guns were at their peak during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Gun violence in the United States mostly impacted young adolescents as well as juveniles whereby the African-American males are the ones with the highest victimization rate than any other racial or gender group. During that period and also up to now in some cases, a young African-American teenage boy was more likely to die of a gunshot wound rather than from all causes of death. Due to the ...

Who

The fire is considered a (singular) wildfire (rather than a collection of wildfires). It has been attributed to warmer-than-average atmospheric conditions, with temperatures rising more than 40o F above normal for this time of year. Strong winds have helped fan the flames and encourage the rapid spread of the fire in all directions from its starting point (Kahn, 2016).

What

On May 1, 2016, a fire started 15 km east of Fort McMurray, prompting local officials to declare a state of emergency, and initiating a mandatory evacuation of the neighborhoods of Prairie Creek, Gregoire, and the Centennial Trailer Park. More ...

Section

All Sciences, whether Physical, Social, or a combination of the two (like Anthropology), are based on hypotheses and theories. Some of the unlikeliest scientific theories have arisen from hypotheses that were considered insane at one point. In the world of Anthropology, the situation is no different. At one point, any supposition that the earth had been formed over billions of years rather than created in a biblical manner was considered criminal. Governments were so thrown apart by statements like this that people were decried as heretics, beheaded or sent into exile. These scientists went against what was mainstream thinking ...

The United States has the highest prison population in the world while having only 5 percent of the world’s population (Liptak, 2008). While most of the people who are incarcerated are in the prison system because of non-violent or drug related offenses. With most of these consisting of Hispanic and African American people from lower income areas. This disproportion is caused mainly because of the lack of equal access to education. Four in every ten prisoners returns to jail within three years of being released “a collective rate that has remained largely unchanged in years, despite huge increases ...

Being from South Korea, I did not have the opportunity to experience the school system in America until much later in my academic career. I feel that the age I arrived in the United States made it much more difficult for me to adapt to the differences between the school systems because I entered in university when many of my peers had come earlier in high school to the United States or had grown up in the American schooling system. Upon my arrival, I first went to MT.SAC and then applied to transfer to Cal Poly Pomona. Cal Poly ...

The reasons behind persisting health disparities across socioeconomic class in America are not fully understood. A 1.2:4.0 mortality rate ratio exists among people in the lowest socioeconomic class and those in the highest socioeconomic class (Cohen, Farley, & Mason, 2003). The difference in mortality ratios indicates that socioeconomic status plays a significant role not only in mortality rates, but also in the quality of life across socioeconomic classes. In the year 2012, a report by the New York City (New York City Health Department, 2012))Health Department indicated that hospitalization rates in neighborhoods with high poverty levels more than tripled ...

Essay # 1

When companies have to deal with data breaches it is financially devastating. The financial devastation is a result of money being stolen from the company and potentially clients. Therefore, clients may want to sue due to trusting the company with the data. Some lawsuits may materialize and this can indeed put a financial dent in the company’s profits. Furthermore, the company will have to hire lawyers to investigate and figure out who actually breached and hacked the data. This can cost a lot of money as well. According to research “These costs include revenue lost due to the ...

“Poor single mother on welfare tell me how you did it?” rings the famous lyric of the late Rapper-Activist Tupac Amaru Shakur. The son of a former Black Panther, this ode to his mother provides a glimpse into the conundrum of surviving in the wake of being poor and black on public assistance. What Shakur unknowingly reveals is the image of welfare in a more empathetic and realistic way that illuminates instead of ignoring the lived realities of its recipients. While Shakur’s lyric is compassionate in it’s depiction, conservative lawmakers are less considerate in their elucidation of ...

The living environment shapes who people are. Naturally, in neighborhoods with a negative criminogenic environment, people often go deviant, and, when they do, it often is at a relatively young age. Researchers have gone to great lengths to study the underlying causes of delinquent behavior of young residents. Poverty appears to be one of the principal driving forces of offenders long with income disproportion, albeit to a far lesser extent. The blockade of opportunities or the means to achieve culturally acceptable norms in the society is also an important motivation. While race is not universally found to cause delinquency, ...

In the late nineteenth century, America went through a time of progress that was later dubbed the Gilded Age. The Gilded Age is known as a time of economic prosperity, industrial advancement, and population growth. However, the era included many dark times that are masked under the guise of progress and prosperity. The economy took a downward spiral, discrimination was rampant, and corrupt politicians worked with wealthy businessmen to concentrate the country’s wealth in a small population of people. Despite the tough circumstances that were caused by a boom in population growth, immigrants remained a large portion of ...

The Criminal Justice System has many styles and techniques that are used in law enforcement. The policing styles have changed over the years and has improved in areas that had been difficult to maintain in the past. The historical era of policing revolved around the watchman style of police work. The watchmen style of police work has evolved around keeping peace and catching criminals who were not following the laws. In the lower class neighborhoods is where many watchmen were used to keeping the disruptiveness down and maintain order. The watchmen style worked well for that time period when ...

Q1.) Culture takes time to change, as does the human geography it gives rise to and the ethnic implications diffused by the group which influences it. The significant economic, technological and demographic changes in the United States since the Second World War have led to the persistence of the many examples of new cultural landscapes there. These economic and technological developments resulted in large-scale immigrations which in turn fueled the growth of population and modification of the American society in crucial ways, producing varied needs and increased aspirations. During this post-war era, there was the emergence of a bigger ...

In our day and age, there are plenty of street foods at our disposal. Chinese, American, Indian, Mexican – you name it. Out of many of those offerings, one of the most popular types of street food is Mexican one. And in Mexican food, there is hardly a more loved and well-known dish than a taco. Now, what is taco? If you don’t know yet – you should fix this issue immediately. But nonetheless, here is a little info about it. Taco is a dish that is composed of either wheat or corn tortilla with a variety of fillings. Arguably, ...

Policing Ethics

Over the last few years, ethics in policing has emerged as an important area with rising recorded cases that involve the police using excessive force. National Constitution and other relevant laws give police officers the legal framework from which they derive their powers in carrying out their duties. The original conception of the police force was that they would obtain the citizen’s goodwill while performing their policing duties. The understanding has changed since; police officers are now viewed as controllers of crime. However, the same law and constitution places limit for police officers on how far they go ...

The performance of students is influenced not only by intellectual capability but by socio-economic factors as well. These factors include the kind of neighbourhood or community they are living with. The neighbourhood can be classified based on the income group classification of the families living in a particular neighbourhood. Families under the same income group tend to live in similar neighbourhoods. Thus, a neighbourhood can be majorly comprised of low-income earning families or otherwise. Considering the income classification of the families living in a particular neighbourhood is important because it is a major characterization of the neighbourhood as a ...

Abstract:

Theories were developed over the years, as researchers and sociologists tried to explain the reasons why there is crime within the communities. These theories include the social bonds theory, the self-control theory, the power control theory, the control balance theory, the differential coercion theory, and the social support theory. Based on the theories, there are five realities behind the causation of crime: (1) that crime is caused by weakening bonds to the society; (2) that crime is the effect of having low self-control; (3) that crime is caused by occupational patriarchy; (4) that it is caused by the roles ...

The neighborhood of Brooklyn is where both my family and I reside. Brooklyn also happens to be the home to most immigrants from Africa, Asia, Middle-East, the Americas, the Caribbean, and all contributing their rich talents and cultures to the borough. And this kind of diversity is manifested in the linguistic compositions by these multi-ethnic neighborhoods within Brooklyn. Emigrants from English-speaking nations find it easy to linguistic integrate with the locals as they already have the advantage of knowing the English language. The socio-economic levels within Brooklyn appear to be lower than the surrounding neighborhoods of the greater New ...

Introduction

The issue of trying teens who commit crimes has been subject to debate for several years. It is important to note that the criminal behavior is shown by warrants severe punishments or at least being held responsible. The question as to whether the teen should be tried in the courts like adults who commit a similar crime still elicits divergent reaction and opinion. Proponents of leniency on teens argue that they should always be offered a new lease of life to correct their behavior as such change their criminal mannerism (Bechtold et al. 126). However, such statements are a ...

After the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968, the Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Schneider (2014) affirms that Fair Housing Act (FHA), was purposely applied to curb discriminatory housing patterns which were encouraging and upholding racial segregation and in the discrimination in the sale and rental of housing based on race, color, religion, and national origin. Schneider (2014) addresses that in 1974, gender was included as a protective class under the Act, intensifying the prohibitions of the act to the treatment and harassment of individuals on the gender perspectives. Nonetheless, the Fair Housing Act ...

Mary Bell is one of the well-known young killers. She was accused of the death of Brian Howe and Martin Brown. The details of the murders were gruesome, including the strangulation of one of the victims who was a three-year-old boy. Mary's family background is said to be responsible for her delinquent behaviors. Firstly, she thought that Bill Bell was her biological father (Calin, 2011). Billy was a criminal arrested for armed robbery and her biological father was unknown to her. Secondly, Mary claimed that her mother, who was a prostitute, had forced her to engage in sexual acts ...

Poverty is a condition that affects too many people around the globe. Those who live in poverty are often disenfranchised and unable to obtain the opportunities to remove themselves from this unfortunate condition. In a world of abundance, where the rich are outrageously wealthy, it makes no sense to see so many go without basic necessities. A common saying, “knowledge is power” is something that still holds true in the world today. Those who understand the world tend to do better in maneuvering around the challenges that exist in the world by seizing and creating opportunities for themselves. One ...