Essays on Community Policing

Abstract

Organizational designs refer to the way the management achieve the best combination of integration and differentiation on operations. Police are one of the law enforcement agencies that operate under various organizational designs. The Boston Police Department is divided into 11 neighborhoods districts and three zones. The organizational design model in the chapter is the line and staff structure. Boston Massachusetts Police Department uses the line and structure model. Line and staff structure enable line staff to gain knowledge and skills from the staff managers. The Boston Police Department has adopted a working design. The BPD should clearly indicate the ...

Police officers are responsible for keeping peace in the country. They apprehend and pursue individual who breaks the law, solve issues of the community, enforce traffic law, arrest suspected criminal, investigate crimes and respond to emergencies. They are usually assigned to patrol particular areas to be familiar when inspecting suspicious circumstances. Training is significant before one becomes a police officer as it will expose him or her to a new situation to handle challenging tasks during the career life. I think the best education level of the police should be college degree level. The college degree level is ideal ...

Introduction

Police power is considered as the government’s duty to develop and implement policies and legislations that are intended to benefit the public. Further, these laws are implemented, generally by law enforcers who makes it their responsibility to ensure that these laws are obeyed. Some of the duties of the police officers include the preservation of peace and order, detection and prevention of crime, and ensuring the fair and efficient administration of the law (U.S., 2003). As a means to give them the authority to uphold and administer these policies, there are laws which are developed to provide the ...

Introduction

In the past few decades, community policing in the most parts of the USA have been affected by the acute shortage in police applicants as well as difficulties for the police departments to retain the existing officers. With the increase in crime in the major cities as well as the increase in external aggression, the reduction in police officers is bound to become a problem that needs to be addressed at state and national level. Over the last three decades, there have been an increase in homicides, violent crimes, and shootings not to mention the several terrorism incidences that ...

Overview: Historically, law enforcement and the community have had a tense relationship. The conflictual nature of the relationship is based on the fact that community members do not think traditional policing is in their best interest. They suggest that community policing model should be the strategy employed to address crime and criminality in the communities of which they are a part. At the same time law enforcement and its police officers believe that its primary role is that of crime control. These differing views have further widened the gap in police community relations as both law enforcement, and community ...

Introduction

The community landscape is fast changing. Emerging crimes (e.g. human trafficking, child sex exploitation, cybercrimes) have gone beyond the traditional geographical borders, presenting the police with challenges that they may not be well-equipped to handle. Increasing transiency, diversity, and fragmentation within communities added to the challenge of police resources (Longstaff, et al., 2015). In addition, budget cuts had strained departmental resources. Despite these challenges, community policing may open unexpected opportunities to maximize resources with desirable efficiency. It is proposed that a community policing unit be activated to sustain community engage while keeping workforce costs within budgetary limits.

General information

Purpose: The ...

Introduction

In criminal justice, law enforcement agencies are institutions mandated to ensure that law and order is put into effect in a certain area of jurisdiction. They include police officers, patrol officers and prosecutors. Discretion in law enforcement refers to the capability of implementation agencies such as the police to point out and file incidents that are criminal in nature (Boivin and Cordeau, 2011). In criminal justice, discretion is also seen as the action by officers based on the opinion about the appropriate course in an encountered situation. In the process of enforcing the law, these agencies face different situations ...

The past few years the issue of police brutality and the relationship between the police and the communities they are meant to serve have become a major issue here in the United States. This issue has been raised by a series of escalating events in which many unarmed African American men and women have been killed by police with apparently very little cause. One of the most shocking cases and the one that has created the most conversation occurred in Ferguson, Missouri and it surrounded the death and subsequent protests of teenager Michael Brown. The events in Ferguson nearly ...

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Introduction Traditional policing is reactive and action is initiated when crimes or problems are reported. In contrast, community policing is characterized by shifting of focus from crime and law enforcement to finding solutions to community problems like “perceptions of disorder, fear of crime, quality of life and neighborhood conditions” (Kappeler and Gaines 1). The ideal form of community policing empowers the community and, decisions on courses of action are taken in consultation with the community members. The police have to take up additional roles as advisors, facilitators and lead-initiators. They become service providers by escalating ...

Maintaining the peace and order in the community are two of the most important roles of the police forces. The authorities apply policing strategies that enable better relationship with the community as well as knowing what the community’s problems are. For many years, police agencies have been developing several approaches in order to achieve the full participation of the society when it comes to maintaining the peace and order as well as to gain respect from the members of the communities they are serving. The purpose of this study is to define two policing strategies, such as the ...

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Introduction

Community policing aims at working in close coordination with the local community, involving citizens in all the aspects of law design and implementation. The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, established in 1994 as part of the U.S. Department of Justice especially supports such strategies. As against conventional reactive strategies, this is a step towards a proactive strategy consisting of community partnerships, organizational transformation and solving problems before they assume larger dimensions. As Maximino points out, the need for new approaches to police community relationships is evidenced by the violent shooting incidents in the US ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

Response to Person 1 Ch. 4 db

As stated by this person in this statement, countries develop different approaches to increasing crime rates such as the ‘get tough’ approach for several reasons. The first reason could be that these policies and approaches have been effective in reducing the crime rates. Another reason as stated by the writer is based on the deterrent nature of criminal justice system punishments whereby people fear committing crime because they fear being punished for them. Where the punishments prescribed by penal laws are less severe, people will have the incentive to commit crimes hence lead to high crime rates justifying the ...

Community policing refer to a philosophy that focuses on problem-solving and proactive approach. The police work in partnership with the community members in solving the problems. There are various countries in the world that use community policing programs to solve crime-related issues. The police rely on the community to provide vital information that assists the police in addressing community concerns and solving the crime. Neighborhood watch program is a community policing strategy that is used in the United States. The program consists of watch coordinators, community coordinators and block captains (Miller et al. 46). All the stokeholds are working ...

Everyday police work tirelessly to ensure that our streets are safe from criminal offenders. Therefore, different programs are applied to ensure that law and order is upheld. Three common programs; zero tolerance policing, community policing, and problem-oriented policing have thus been applied in various occasions by the police to deal with the law breakers. Zero tolerance policing has plenty of similarities to share with COP and POP and at the same time, there are some differences.

Similarities between Zero Tolerance Policing and COP and POP

Though zero tolerance policing, POP, and COP apply different strategies in executing their services, the biggest similarity they share is that they are ...

Abstract

The terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001 revealed the need for information sharing between different local, state, and federal agencies. This resulted in the formation of Department of Homeland Security to coordinate the counterterrorism efforts. The Department created fusion centers that served as facilities of gathering and analyzing information from relevant agencies. The fusion centers have faced constant criticism from researchers regarding their effectiveness and spending but have been successful in stopping several terrorist plans. This has saved thousands of lives and millions of dollars. However, the numerous agencies working towards the same goal has brought about ...

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Introduction Although the U.S Federal government spends billions of dollars towards crime reduction policy initiatives, incidence rate of crimes such as homicides, burglary, smuggling, and gang violence is on the rise in the country. With the 9/11 terror attacks, the United States has become a major target for terrorist groups worldwide. In addition, the strong diplomatic stance taken by the Federal government against Islamic State (IS) terrorists also makes the country vulnerable to organized terror attacks. In this context, traditional policing may not be much effective to take proactive measures aimed at ensuring the safety ...

Community policing provides the modern concept on how police work is done. The main focus of the community policing model is to establish a police department initiated program that is designed to offer an opportunity for the police and public agencies and members of the community to discover their common problems and responsibilities, and work together towards the solution of community problems and the formulation of positive community programs (Palmiotto, 2000). It is not merely a problem solving strategy but an initiative that aims to establish police-community collaboration in solving problems in the community and in attaining peace and ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

An Assignment Submitted by

For the last several years the prestige and reputation of the police has declined dramatically. It is considered that the failures in ethical conduct and insufficient monitoring are two major reasons why police brutality has become the most widely used characteristics of the work of law enforcements. It is a particularly ethically challenging job that requires thorough expertise and high standards in ethics to fulfill all goals. Policing is a difficult job as well in terms of physical and moral complications it may generate. It poses a direct threat to life of professionals operating in this field and high ...

The paper emphasizes the police as formal law enforcement agency destined to guard the rights of people in the society and involvement of local governments in policing. The minorities and women’s inclusion in the police department has proved improvement in policing over the time. Prime responsibilities of police in local government as well as in the state and the federal government are further explained in the essay. Social control is defined as the concept of people behaving and reacting to the troublesome individual. Few responsibilities such as inform to police if some unusual thing occurs in the neighborhood, ...

Issues Facing Portland Police Bureau

The Portland Police Bureau in Oregon, similar to other police departments, faces some policing issues that hinder the effective performance of its mandate. Examples of the salient issues facing Portland Police Bureau include ethical and effective policing issues, domestic violence issues, drug and substance abuse, gang problems, low police staffing, gun violence, hiring and training problems negative public perception of the bureau and high rates of crime.

One of the greatest issues facing the bureau currently is the low level of police staffing that has negatively impacted on its ability to effectively fight crime in the Oregon region. This ...

This article by Stephen Mastrofski on “Controlling Street-Level Police Discretion” is a discussion of some of the problems related to the use of discretion by the police in various situations as presented in the report by the Committee to Review Research on Policy and Practices titled Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: Evidence. I have chosen this source because it gives a critical analysis on why and how the current research on police discretion and practices or actions such as use of force is inadequate, questionable and problematic. According to Mastrofski, the contemporary research on police discretion including use of ...

Book Review

Book Review

Introduction

Policing in the United States is democratic not only in theory, but also in practice. Policing plays a crucial role in encouraging the institutions in a democracy, thereby either sustaining or eroding the quality of democracy. It is important to note that democratic policing often employs practices that lead to an increase in inequality across the society. Therefore, the book titled “Democratic Policing in a Changing World,” written by Peter Manning offers a theoretical background with regards to the nature and function of democratic policing. The author presents valuable information about Anglo-American policing and its effects on ...

1. Policing involves complex roles and responsibilities in today’s current time. To be effective in the performance of their duties, there are important strategies that are considered to be the most relevant and important to the police authorities. Community policing and evidence based policing are two important strategies that will enhance the ability of the police officers in addressing the constantly changing environment involving crime and disorder. Community policing generally involves the collaboration between the community members and the police in identifying and solving problems affecting the community. The concept of community policing introduces the new perspectives providing ...

I consider community policing the most important strategy in Policing. Community policing can help to reduce any negative portrayal placed on law enforcement today. Community policing can raise citizen trust of law enforcements and alleviate tension and conflict between the police and citizens. And, community policing can result in more effective law enforcement. For these reasons, community policing is the most important strategy today in policing. Community policing is the idea that a partnership between the police and the community can impact the effective of law enforcement. Community policing consists of various strategies developed by a law enforcement agency. ...

1. The three policing strategies that are found to be most important are community policing, problem oriented policing and evidence based policing. Community policing involves the establishment of partnership with the community by the police officers. This strategy will allow the police officers to develop a constructive relationship with the community members that will allow them to reach out in helping them solve their problems about crimes and not merely to respond to the calls for service (Albrecht and Das, 2011). The process will result in the decentralization of the police organization that will result in a more responsive ...

The Police in America have always been Controversial

The establishment of the police is a mandate of the constitution to ensure law enforcement, as well as public order and safety. It is created as an instrument to maintain a civil nation. As Egon Bittner asserts, the police, as an agency, are empowered and responsible to provide short-term solutions to emergent problems. Its manpower is competent enough to provide intervention to any form of emergencies, without any exceptions (Bittner, 1974). It is an institution created by the state as part of its efforts to police the people and protect the state and the people from lawless elements. Unlike ...

Hollywood detectives and realities of detective work

The Hollywood detectives are investigative bureau tasked with providing functional leadership for the detective operations. They provide a system of criminal investigations which comprehensively entails investigative services and crime scene investigations, for instance, robberies, sexual assaults, domestic violence, abuse cases and homicides. The detective work is an elaborative investigative process which is aimed at unraveling some critical information sorted by law enforcement agencies. The process ensures that crimes are solved within a framework in which every individual within the police agency contributes towards the course of seeking a particular information (Dupont 372).

Solving crimes against a person Vis a vie crimes against property

Crime against a person are easy to ...

(Institute/College/University)

Executive Summary

Recent news reports on racial minorities being shot and killed by the police, or by those taken into custody and are reported to have died while in that situation, pose a grim reminder that the relationship of law enforcement and the racial minorities in the United States have been one filled with tension and conflict, mistrust and suspicion, fear and force, and domination and struggle. This is not a civil rights position paper; rather, this is a research geared to proffer that the instance of encounters between racial minorities and the police have been generally characterized by conflict ...

Introduction

Juvenile correctional approaches in the United States centers around the best interest of the child. Young children below the age of 18 fall into the juvenile category. The system offers to purge any criminal record after a stipulated period of time and at the completion of certain terms. The juvenile records remain sealed from public record during this time and are rarely unsealed in spite of exceptional circumstances. Juvenile offenders are first part of a meeting between the State prosecutors to discuss the options of community service for nonviolent crimes. Only in the event of not reaching a conclusive ...

Policing, either through service or force, should not be momentously substandard for particular social groups and the rest. The statistical evidence by prominent researchers have indicated that individuals seen as white have a more suitable experience of police in comparison with individuals whose decent lies in Africa or Asia. Current shift in emigration patterns have called for a reconceptualization of the perception of individuals belonging to ethnic minority groups. Indeed, it is a matter of difference that has turned out to be predominant in modern societies (Cao, 2014).

Current Statistics and Historical Developments

These kind of conceptual shifts have worsen the cordial relationship between ...

History of Community Policing

The concept of community policing was formed in the 1960s during the struggle for the civil rights movement (Brunschot, 2003). Before this time, law enforcement executed the methods of power and violence in order to control the citizens. The core root of the community policing was a failure of the formal police authorities to fulfill their duties productively, which resulted in various protests and rebellion against the authorities. It is believed that the crucial trigger initiated the development of this movement is a crisis in the interactions between the law enforcement and the public. During the 1960s, police managed ...

1 Every individual in society belong to the specific community. It is worth noting that being part of community develops a sense of identity. There are various components that describe the community that I belong. Some of this imperative features include race, medical, ethnicity, income, religion, education, socialization, geography, security, environmental interest, as well as self-help groups. The community is made up vibrant and amazing individuals, which is made of strong leaders, professionals, and athletics. The youth in the community socializes through sports. In fact, the most sport that brings both male and female youth is football. The sports ...

Community Policing This refers to the partnership between the police and the community in identifying and preventing crime in the community in all areas, be it drugs, murder, kidnapping or rape. It is perceived that crime will be prevented best in the society where the community and the police work together to reduce the rate of moral decay in the society. The aim of community policing is to personalise law enforcement by causing the officers to relate and interact more with the members of the community. There are several benefits of community policing.

Enhanced better relations with the minorities in the community

There has been tension in the ...