Essays on Philosophers

In the times of the ancient Greek philosophers, according to T.E. Rihll, education was not as well structured as it is today. Some of the problems that philosophers faced were getting an audience, and finding serious students instead of people who just wished to be entertained. The first big problem was that in order to attract students, philosophers had to somehow let people know they existed. One important way that this happened was through giving speeches at festival days, "when many people would be out and about in the public places, and would be in holiday mood" (Rihll 171). ...

The article “Feminism, Foucault, and Subjects of Power and Freedom” by Jana Sawicki focuses on Foucault’s research and his ideas regarding feminism that he was promoting during his academic career. Sawicki discusses the different ways of resistance that were promoted by Foucault, and how modern feminists are incorporating them in their political work. While Foucault’s masculinity was not favored by others during his career, his methods were still seen to be very useful. Sawicki divided her article into three parts: Introduction, “Feminism and Foucault: Critique, Convergence and Possibility” and “The Late Foucault on Subjectivity, Power, and Freedom”. ...

Since the dawn of our human civilization, people have been trying to find the most effective way of building their behavior. Historically, the patterns of people’s activity have been directly connected to the society itself. Therefore, the social and political utility of the human operations is one of the determining factors. As a result, the behavior of the community, formed by the patterns of personalities, has become an extremely complex system of reasons and consequence. Hannah Arendt addresses the topic of the human being’s behavior in the context of the political history. The Human Condition is her ...

The Cave

Plato’s The Cave is an allegorical story which Socrates was telling one of his followers Glaucon to explain to him the difference between a philosopher who seeks wisdom and others who aim to remain in ignorance. In the story, Socrates tells of a group of people who have been chained facing an empty wall their entire lives. They are unable to look anywhere, except the wall. Right behind them is an assembly line of items that are constantly going by which are reflected onto the wall by the light which comes from the fire that is behind the ...

Mill's utilitarian argument supports Singer's utilitarian argument about the obligation of an individual to assist starving people that are in absolute poverty. Although the Mill’s explanation makes Singer’s argument look overdemanding, both philosophers have nearly the same understanding. For instance, Mill claims that people should do good not to impress or profit the world but to achieve self-happiness (Kowalski 177). In doing so, the individual gets to help the world or the society in general. Just like Singer, Mill gives an example where one has a lunch date but on the way, meets a child in need ...

Emmanuel Kant describes enlightenment as a situation of self-awareness where an individual emerges from self-imposed immaturity. Thus, this state marks a transition from darkness to awareness, and it comes with freedom. Moreover, Kant regards immaturity as a complete inability of an individual to use his conscience or understanding without the intervening guidance of another person (Deligiorgi, 2005). A clear lack of resolve and courage precipitates to the denial of personal freedom, but an affliction on others for sole guidance. Principally, Kant’s assertion about enlightenment is entrenched on having the courage to use personal understanding and courage to dispense ...

In the modern world, the term “The Good life” is usually defined in a variety of ways by different people as every individual has his or her own perspective on what the term is all about. Basically, “The Good Life” can be termed as a desirable state of life that is predominantly characterized by high living standards or rather adherence to moral as well as ethical laws. “The Good Life” is an important issue to the society due to the fact that it involves individual’s lives which are not wasted with what can be regarded as mundane activities ...

Plato held the belief, illustrated by his use of the analogy of the Cave, that we live in a world of illusions, with the true forms of the everyday objects which surround us being shrouded behind said illusions. According to his own philosophy, every object or concept (such as beauty or goodness) has a truth behind it; one which is perfect in every way. Furthering this idea, Plato believed that behind the world of illusions we live in which clouds our ability to see the true world, is a world which is populated by all those perfect forms of ...

Introduction

Human society has been based on mere moral factors that are the basis of governing the behavioral aspect of any particular society. However, it is quite intriguing to look into the doctrine of doing and allowing and this basically narrows down to the moral threshold that has been set forth in any particular society. Therefore, this brings to light the concept of whether, there is a fatual difference between actually being the perpetrator and carrying out the particular act or being a mere observer and letting the particular harm escalate among the people. Moreover, based on the doctrine of ...

Does the Theory of the Tripartite Soul Give Us Good Reason to be Just?

Introduction The well-known philosopher of Ancient Greece, Plato, presented the theory of the tripartite soul. However, the ideas, which consider the components of the soul to depend on the social system or have an impact on the human behavior, can as well belong to another genius of the same time, Socrates. Plato and Socrates, as two of the most prominent minds of the ancient times, questioned the features of the human personality under the terms of the natural instincts and the characteristics, which all people get with birth. In fact, all the thoughts of these two masters stand on ...

First Entry: My name is John Claude a thirty five years old male working as a Parish Priest of the First Estate. I have not married and I am not expected to marry because as a career priest I have vowed to abstain. We as the members of the First Estate believe that the Third Estate need to be taxed because they do not have power, they are in the lowest rank of the social scale and they consume significant resources. However, we cannot be taxed because people look at us for religious growth and education and we heavily ...

It is worth mentioning that law has several philosophical roots. In fact, several philosophers came up with different points of view concerning the law, mostly international law and common law. Primarily, these people were influential in that they changed the legal landscape at that particular time. The philosophers were trying to create clear distinctions between the systems of norms that govern the people from the ethical practices, which were considered to be the law. In essence, four basic philosophies of law were instrumental in shaping the legal scene and events up to the twentieth century. The four views include ...

Introduction

The primary purpose of philosophy is to clarify and refine the human thought processes so that the state of affairs and hence the reality of the world are clear. As such, philosophical problems are a failure to come up with the explanations of things that happen in the environment and by extension in the world. Philosophy is critical in refining the human's basic concepts that are applied to understand the reality. Just like in other sciences that are driven by the experimentations in the search for the truth, philosophy is informed by the questions that cannot be easily answered ...

Criminology is a study that largely defines the detection and control of crime in a bid to control illegitimate character in the society. The two schools of thought – the classical school and the positivist school – have been an effective tool in the understanding and formulation of crime control strategies that the control of deviant behavior. Firstly, the classical school, which is an advancement of philosophers Cessare Beccaria and Jeremey Bentham in the 18th century was inclined on the utilitarian philosophy being a contributor to the development of prisons thereafter (Williams III & McShane, 2010, p. 41). The classical school philosophers ...

Philosophy

With the advent of the Scientific Revolution, there was an increased level of comfort in the society which led to probing the ancient notions or the beliefs that were long held by the majority. A majority of philosophers started giving out their own opinions about a variety of subjects like politics, government, social order, economics, and religion among others. The Era of Enlightenment started with this new found curiosity about scholarly or philosophical opinion becoming popular in the entire Europe. The Enlightenment Era was a time period in the 18th century Europe, which was a movement where philosophers applied ...

John Locke wrote ‘The Letter Concerning Toleration’ among all people. At the time, there were diversities exhibited by people especially in matters regarding religions and faith. The letter called for toleration, bearing that Catholicism was taking root and becoming strong in Europe, especially in England. Due to the fact that there were many religions in the world, and all of them claimed to be the most powerful, and have a majority of followers, Locke saw that the only way to a peaceful coexistence would be through toleration of each other, regardless of which faith a person subscribed. Christianity was ...

Philosophy Questions

1. Ross’ s Moral Theory is considered to stand between Kant’s strict deontological theory and theological theory of utilitarianism. According to the philosopher, there existed several prima facie duties that people had to hold in respect if they did not contradict one another. In case they conflicted, human’s intuition would help to make the right choice and find the weightiest and the most important duty. Ross stated that any prima facie obligation could be redefined by more important ones. While Kant saw all obligations absolute and exceptionless, Ross allowed maximization of the good as one of the ...

Justice is something which underlies our own society – without it, indeed, some people posit that there can be no such thing as society. While many people state that justice is the same thing as the law, with Plato being the most visible proponent of this theory, others, such as Socrates, hold the two to be very different things. As we shall see below, while Socrates and Plato disagree on whether or not justice and law are the same, they both agree when it comes to addressing the role that justice takes in internal adherence to the values of the ...

According to the “science” of astrology, a person has particular personality traits based on the month, day, time, and place of their birth. While astrologers may defend this ancient craft of divination as science, does astrology merit inclusion in the world of science, disciplines of knowledge that include astronomy, chemistry, biology, physics and many other fields that entail rigorous observation, experimentation, and prediction? Clearly, astrology is a pseudoscience, and Imre Lakatos explains the rationale for its exclusion as legitimate science better than scientific philosophers, Thomas S. Kuhn, or Sir Karl Popper. In order to clarify the demarcation criteria between ...

II. Short Answer Questions Answer each of the following 4 questions with a 3-5 sentence paragraph. Write legibly and in full sentences. You may write on the back of the sheet. (12 points each: 48 total) 1. What philosopher used the idea of Tetrapharmakon? What does this word mean? What is the purpose of this teaching? List and describe the different parts of this idea. It was philosopher Philodemus who first used the idea of Tetrapharmakon. The word Tetrapharmakon means the Four Cures, which are the summary of the four basic doctrines: - Do not fear the god - ...

The word combination «moral dilemma» straight away indicates that a choice a person has to make will be more than complicated. Moral dilemma arises in the situations, when every decision is of a great significance, every action word can decide the future. And at the same time, there is no right decision and every decision is right. It may sound too convoluted, but that is what people actually have to face. Moral dilemma was in the center of interest of many philosophers, who tried to find a universal solution for difficult problems. Was it a great decision? Surely. Was ...

Throughout history, there have been many great thinkers. They have sprawled among many disciplines, from philosophy to physics. Nevertheless, some of these have made important contributions to many fields at the same time. One of these cases is that of Blaise Pascal, who was deeply influential in mathematics, philosophy and theology. In a sense, one could say that these three disciplines were intertwined in his work. By studying the loftier aspects of the human experience, Pascal was able to bring together probability theory and his worries about the existence of God. As such, his notorious wager was a turning ...

“Over the past three decades, a new current of ‘combative Islam' has appeared and grown rapidly, and is attempting to gain control of the Islamic world”

Nabil Nofal

The Islam was considered as comparatively young religion and it had about one billion followers making it the largest religion in the world. The word Islam is Arabic and means submission, i. e. to submit to God’s will. It is a monotheistic religion, and its adherents are called Muslims. It is interesting that Muslims recognize several Judeo-Christian prophets from early times like Moses and Jesus and they believe that they are also ...

Philosophy of the Enlightenment. The Ideas of Francis Bacon and their comparison to those of René Descartes. Francis Bacon is considered to be the major prophet of the Scientific Revolution. At the age of twelve Bacon went to study at He went to Trinity College, Cambridge at the age of twelve, got a lawyer education later on. He proceeded to a political career hoping to advance his ideas. He was a member of the House of Commons and knighted during the reign of King James I, although during that of Queen Elizabeth he was neglected by her. Bacon was ...

Intelligence is a broad term which has various meaning attached to it, in all the languages of the world. Philosophers have been trying to understand and explain the meaning of the term ‘intelligence’ since centuries, and each one of them has come up with their own exemplification of the term. For example, Einstein terms intelligence, not as the occupation of knowledge, but it is more of imagination and creativity. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that intelligence is the self-knowledge of claiming that one knows nothing. Moving from philosophers, people have considered understanding the meaning of the term from ...

People by their curious nature always wanted to find answers to all mysteries and secrets of the world. They are interested in different things and phenomena around them, look for reasons of their existence and could not pass over even the smallest details of their appearance. One of the most complicated mysteries of this universe is probably the creation of the world itself. Even in modern times humans did not manage to solve this eternal question. The truth is that it seems almost impossible to authentically explain how everything was actually created. Throughout the history there existed different theories ...

Question 4: Explaining the East Asian Conception of Human Nature

Introduction The problem of Human Nature has always been a point of hot discussions among the Western and Eastern philosophers. Although there are some theoretical discrepancies among members of the different philosophical schools, the majority of them concur that the idea of human nature encompasses the fusion of certain distinguishing characteristics, which a human possesses irrespective of his/her cultural background. Despite the fact that the nature of these characteristics, approaches to measuring them and understanding the components of this metaphysical phenomenon are not clearly defined in any philosophical school yet, there is a strong opinion in the both Eastern ...

There are many ways of understanding the reasons for one’s motivations. Throughout the centuries, philosophers have attempted to explain this through different ways. Even though through reflection one can attempt to reach some degree of freedom by using one’s pre-frontal cortex, these internal impulses are still there. Two of the most important of these theories are the will and Sigmund Freud’s drives. I have seen the importance of self-regulation throughout my life, and how important rationality may be in stopping the influence of that which one takes for granted as motivation.

Key Points in Bandura's Article

Albert Bandura was one of ...

Introduction

The notion of "nothing" is one of the most important and controversial concepts in the history of humankind. Its etymology is quite interesting for the consideration, as it can discover many different mysteries associated with the most important knowledge. In addition, the perception of this idea may be absolutely controversial, if one talks about it in the framework of religion and philosophy of the Western and the Eastern worlds. Nothing is everything, and at the same time, it is a lack of everything. This notion has a negative connotation; it denies everything to what it is opposed; moreover, it ...

Theoretical Essay

In the world of law punishment (alternative name – penalty) is considered as an “infliction of some kind of pain or loss upon a person for misdeed (i.e., the transgression of a law or command).”1 Penalty may take different forms and vary from forced labor, flogging, body mutilation, fines and imprisonment to the capital punishment. The punishment has been very retributive, mostly in the form of revenge, during the pre-modern ages and usually the prosecution was executed by the victims or their families. There was not any proportion between the quantity and quality of wrongdoing and the punishment. The ...

Aesthetics refers to the philosophical comprehension of taste and beauty, especially in relation to the perception and interpretation of appearance. In most instances, people look critically at the appearance of others to judge them, and it affects more than the persons in question. Since time immemorial, women have always put their best feet forward to look beautiful and achieve somehow a “perfect look”. All the same, the concept of beauty has always been misconstrued and many times people tend to look at the outward appearance of clothing, and physical appearance to rate the beauty of a person rather than ...

The Enlightenment period also referred to as the Age of Reason is used to describe the time in history began with the end of Thirty Years War and to the end of the French Revolution. This period marked a significant radical shift in the government, culture, and politics. The period embraced some philosophies to think as well as explore the world (Best 30).. In global enlightened thinkers were considered to think objectively without prejudice. The period was marked by rationalism, reasoning, and empiricism. The argument was advocated as a means of establishing reliable systems of government, religion, and ...

Literature

The Age of Enlightenment. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. Introduction In this essay, we would like to dwell on the Age of Enlightenment as a period that has diverted the course of the literature in XVII-XVIII centuries in America. We will discuss the main features and representatives of this period. We chose Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson as two of the most prominent writers of this age. With the help of their works, we will describe their view, beliefs, and ideas. Thesis statement The Age of Enlightenment was a wide ideological movement. It reflected new social, political, cultural, and ...

The political philosophies of Thomas More, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke show a progression in political thought in Europe from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Thomas More was a Christian Humanist whose critiques of politics in Renaissance Europe were expressed in his most famous work, Utopia, published in 1516. In Utopia, More contrasts the corruption, chaos, and poverty of the real world with an invented society, Utopia, where the laws are simple, everyone is equal, and things are owned communally instead of being private property. His ideas would later become important to the development of socialism, but in his ...

Introduction

Love is an integral aspect of human nature because it defines human nature and reflects the state of humans among other creatures and creators. Diverse theologians and philosophers have studied love and have come up with different views, which have become the cornerstone of the modern religions, particularly the Christianity. Among Christians, it is common knowledge that there are different types of love. There is love between humans and God and there is love between humans and humans. Philosophers and theologians who regard love as being directional classify love as being love from God to humans, love from humans ...

[Class Title] The human species is believed to have come from hominids, a member of the primate family where the human species is believed to have originated from after a lengthy process of evolution. The Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins present this unique history of human evolution through fossils. The exhibition covers millions of years of human evolution presented through innovative displays. One of its notable exhibits is the famous ‘Lucy’ skeleton, which was unearthed in Ethiopia by a joint American and French paleoanthropologist team sometime in 1974. The museum also showed partial skulls of the ‘ ...

The Divine Command theory also known as Theological Voluntarism is a theory that holds the view that morality is dependent on the commands of God and that moral obligations mean obedience to God’s Word (Divine Command). In other words, for an action to be considered morally right, it must be in line with the commands of God or the character of God. The viewpoint of these commands is not static and as such is different from one religion to another. Philosophers hold different opinions on this theory; as a result, it has been defended by some and opposed ...

The concept of the natural state of man is discussed in detail by both Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe in their books Gulliver’s Travels and Robinson Crusoe respectively. While Swift takes the reader through his opinion of the natural state of man by describing the journey of Gulliver, Defoe does this through an evaluation of the life of Crusoe. However, despite appearing to focus on the same topic, the two hold divergent views on the same. Defoe appears to make a more compelling argument as compared to Swift in Gulliver’s travel because he appears to be more ...

Abstract

This paper deals with notion of truth and how it should be presented. By analyzing short story By the Waters of Babylon composed by Stephen Vincent Benét one may see that truth should be given out in small portions in order to reduce undesirable aftermath that may bear distrustful character. It discusses benefits of this way of presenting new information. Everyone craves to live in truth and have healthy relations build on absence of lies and misconceptions. This desire is not limited by family or friends relations on the contrary it touches all human domains. Utter craving to ...

Throughout the centuries, one of the greatest questions humankind has had is how to achieve happiness. There have been many philosophers, yet there is only a handful so influential as Aristotle and Augustine of Hippo in this domain. The former believed that people should develop all of their potential in order to be in tune with what humans were created for, which would include the optimal use of their cognitive functions. Similarly, St. Aquinas thought that one should be in accordance with God, and that only through loving Him would one truly be happy, yet only after death. Even ...

According to H. Gene Blocker, the most significant historical sources of our modern conception regarding human rights are ancient medieval terms and notions that provide an explanation about natural law and human rights. However, this philosophy and ideas associated with this philosophy has emerged from the ideas of philosophers of pre-modern era such as from ideas of Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero to the ideas of modern and medieval era philosophers including Hobbes, Jefferson, Bentham, Locke, Aquinas, and Roosevelt. Further, another most important historical source in this regard is the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1947, which played ...

There is no doubt that there have been several women writers who have not been awarded a justified position in the so-called “canon” of English literature. There are names such as Margery Kempe, Marie de France, Lady Jane Grey, Mary (Sidney) Herbert, Mary Queen of Scotts, Aemilia Lanyer, Elizabeth Cary, Mary Wroth, Katherine Philips, Margaret Cavendish, and many more who challenge an equivalent share of fame, with the labors of their classical male contemporaries because of their prestigious works. The prime focus of the paper is to discuss Margaret Cavendish, a writer from the 17th century and presents a ...

Introduction

Currently, psychologists, doctors, teachers face in their practice with a lot of psychological problems are difficult or impossible to characterize the clinical terms and cannot be solved within the framework of traditional psychiatry. This is daily life problems related to difficulties of adaptation and personality disharmony interpersonal relationships, deviance (addiction, alcoholism, family disintegration, AIDS and others.), age crises. A wide range of issues and is the subject of a new professional field - psychological counseling, which separated from clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The range of problems is quite broad: difficulties at work (dissatisfaction with work, conflicts with colleagues and ...

Lot’s and Paul’s stories in the Bible

Lot’s Encounter A crucial and outstanding aspect that has been well presented in Genesis chapter 19 is the issue of remaining righteous no matter the situation at hand has been demonstrated in an amplified way (Carroll & Prickett, 2008). At times, a heavy resentment has to be overcome with not so favorable options, but just to defend what is righteous. In Sodom, the two messengers could not find a room to stay. No one accepted strangers in the place since they did not adhere to the immoral culture that had taken root in the region. The two strangers were ...

Abstract

Human mind was always a mystery to humanity. Many thinkers and philosophers tried to solve its puzzles. Plato and Descartes are the philosophers who offer a comprehensive and well-known accounts of human mind and learning process. While both of them value the mind and wisdom the most, Plato considers contact with another very helpful in the process of learning while Descartes does not share his position. Plato's position is explained through his description of the ascent to light in the allegory of the cave while Descartes view is shown from his conclusions about mind and body from the Second ...

Challenges of Multiculturalism

In a world with a large number of issues undergoing the complicated process of resolving like racial and gender discrimination, it is of no wonder that heated debates and arguments have been happening in all corners of the society. Philosophers, sociologists and even functionalists have mustered up enough grounds to curiously question the origins and possible answers to these arguments. Moralists like the famous teacher-student duo, Socrates and Plato, have stimulated the intelligent minds of the people regarding the morals and virtues concerning the significance of the challenges that discrimination presents. Sociologists like Karl Marx and Max Weber have ...

In the history of philosophy, the problem of determinism and free will has always sparked a debate between philosophers who take opposing views on the issue. Determinism is a philosophical belief and thinking that assumes that all things which include human behavior are causally determined. On the other hand, free will is a philosophical idea that views things such as human will and behavior as free from causal determination. This topic in itself creates other issues that relate to morality and religion. On one hand, to believe in free simply does not in itself mean that human conduct is ...

Even though one is bombarded every day with experiences that seem to be from the outside world, it is important to reflect on their validity and source before coming to a premature conclusion using only intuition. There is a general consensus that there is an outside world, which is what people feel and navigate through every day, and which has certain characteristics. Nevertheless, if one stops to critically examine the evidence that there is for this conclusion, one can see that many other interpretations are also possible. Most philosophers do not negate the different experiences and the possibility of ...

Introduction

The essay will compare the skepticism of two ancient philosophers concerning popular religious, spiritual and superstitious beliefs. The first philosopher we will look at is Lucretius who was a well-educated Roman popularly known for his poem “On the Nature of Things.” The second philosopher is Wang Ch’ung who was born in China and studied at Loyang academy in the capital. He is said to have had remarkable memory and gained a lot of knowledge in Chinese literature. The two philosophers did not believe in the religious beliefs and came up with arguments to convince the masses that they ...

Karl Marx is known for his presentation of the concept of Communism which has been an important part of political organization in Europe and around the world. Marx is known for writing the Communist Manifesto alongside Friedrich Engels which has been quoted extensively for an alternative form of governance based on socialism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the biography and political thought of Karl Marx as a philosopher who influenced western thought in a significant way. This will lead to the critique of the Communist Manifesto and how it influenced modern political thought. This paper builds ...

Introduction

Virtue ethics are the theories that gives importance to our moral values that effect our mind and our character. It not only helps us to decide what is rightness or wrongness in our decision but also provides a guidance to be a good person that we wish to achieve .Virtual ethic was prevalent from the time old civilizations started. The philosophers always guided the rulers and the common people to follow the path of virtue ethics. Among the famous philosophers whose ethics are followed till date are Aristotle, father of Greek philosophy and Confucius, father of Chinese philosophy. Virtue ...

Abstract

While power is a secular affair these days, ethics and moral with their connection to religion seem related to what refers to activities associated with the governance of people and territories. Of course, neither of the two provides a comprehensive view of the complex notion of politics, yet both complement the concept with precious meaning. Thus, moral adds an important dimension revealing domestic politics as a set of activities prioritizing social welfare. Furthermore, the perception of governance through the prism of virtuous leaders, as done by ethics scholars, such as al-Farabi, allows people to perceive politics as a unique ...

Countless debates have ensued concerning the supposed importance of how life began, why it was created, and of course if it has any fundamental purpose. Some would argue that life has no meaning, that it is a randomized hodgepodge of experiences that when placed together create the sum of a life. Others would claim that there is meaning behind every experience, a driving goal that allows an individual to keep going when it would be easier to stop. Whether it is because of personal belief or fundamental truths that can be measured and verified the meaning of life remains ...

Research is essential for the advancement of any field of study. Nevertheless, this becomes complicated when the object of the investigation is a human, as there is an accepted guideline that one should not do harm onto a person. In order to assure proper treatment of humans, ethical committees have arisen in many parts of the world, limiting the research that may be done. However, this comes into tension when one also takes into account the notion of liberty, as the two could contradict each other. In this sense, some would argue that ethics committees should not interfere in ...

There is an anecdote about Wittgenstein that seems to encapsulate his presence in the minds of 20th and 21st century theorists; Keynes was waiting for Wittgenstein to arrive and spoke to his companion, ‘God has arrived and on the afternoon train.’ It is hardly presumptive to say that theories of language, logic, and philosophy writ large have been forever changed by wittgenstein. However, the particularities of these changes are often confused and misrepresented. The irony then is how such confusion and misrepresentation demonstrate the work Wittgenstein was trying to accomplish in the first place: to assess how language constructs ...

Raphael Sanzio was an Italian painter and architect who worked mainly in Florence and Rome during the period of High Renaissance (1483-1520). Raphael is known for his harmonic compositions, the detailed and carefully chosen movements of figures, and his ability to create paintings where the figures stand alone or as part of the whole (Gordon 52). In addition, Raphael was the master of foreshortening and perspective. Foreshortening means to adjust a figure to non-realistic proportions, so that figure gives the impression of being closer to the viewer. Perspective is a similar form of illustration where more distant objects are ...

Two of the figures in the painting include Plato’s and Aristotle’s images. Plato was a Greek Philosopher and his importance at the time was the contribution he made in the development of philosophy, western science and mathematics as a foundational figure (Steinkruger, 2014). He was chosen to be a part of the work in Sistine Chapel due to his philosophical views related to ideal government and societal ethics which are vital in religious teachings. Aristotle was also a Greek philosopher and his contribution included views on metaphysics that continues to impact Christian theology (Steinkruger, 2014). His image ...

Philosophy

Introduction “So far, about morals, I know only that what is moral is what you feel good after and what is immoral is what you feel bad after.”- Ernest Hemingway. The above quote by an eminent American writer speaks volume of the involvement of perception of different individuals in deciding any action, morally right or wrong. Some philosophers also had this belief that every individual has an inner voice, which can never encourage you to do anything wrong. However, it is necessary to listen to the same extremely attentively. They refer this inner voice as the voice of ...

Two of the most important existential philosophers have been Albert Camus, well known for both his novels and his philosophy, and Jean Paul Sartre, who, is aligned with the ideas of existentialism more than any other philosopher. In addition to sharing some ideas about existentialism (although both men also developed very different systems of this philosophy), both thinkers were atheists, and developed their systems of philosophy, from their belief in a world, or a universe without god. For Camus, the absence of god was one of the reasons why man could find the nature of existence meaningless, and his ...

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There is no denying the fact that Ancient Greek’s philosophers brought a lot of useful and sufficient ideas, thoughts, and decisions to the people’s society. Plato was one of the brightest mind of that time. His works inspire people from all over the world. Moreover, his scientific approach and writing manner help many students to understand the core of philosophy, the structure, and basics of our society. Therefore, in order to see and evaluate several important issues such as good and justice, the Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is presented in this paper. ...