Essays on Virtue

Socrates, being an ardent thinker he was, uses every statement that Meno says in disapproving him and refusing his answer. In each instance, he introduces something else and thinks through it together with Meno. He asks relevant questions according to what Meno gives out as a definition of virtue. In this analysis, two of the definitions that Meno gives as definitions of virtue are analyzed. This includes the second definition where Meno defines virtue as the power to rule over others. The third definition given by Meno is the power to acquire subtle things. In both cases, Meno genuinely ...

In this essay, I will make a critical discussion about Aristotle’s analysis of virtues and vices regarding correct attitude towards material good, services and money. I will begin by presenting Aristotle’s virtue about generosity, a virtue that talks about how people should spend their money, and I will continue by researching how this issue reflects into contemporary virtue of generosity. I will argue that Aristotle’s ethics are the starting point regarding a good life for a human being, the middle point between deficiency and excess, both being vices. Furthermore, I contend that, even if Aristotle’s ...

Moral character and virtue were requirements of a good life according to the philosophy of Aristotle as well as his mentor Plato and as expressed by Socrates. The idea has a firm grounding in ancient wisdom and philosophy. The most important virtues and elements of a sound moral character in Aristotle’s opinion were justice, courage, and temperance. All of these virtues can be acquired by regular men without training in metaphysics. The idea that regular men could practice habits that constitute a high moral character and are virtuous was of great importance to Aristotle in making his philosophies ...

Analysis of the Argument that Socrates Uses to Dismiss Menno’s Second and Third Definition of Virtue

Socrates, being an ardent thinker he was, uses every statement that Meno says in disapproving him and refusing his answer. In each instance, he introduces something else and thinks through it together with Meno. He asks relevant questions according to what Meno gives out as a definition of virtue. In this analysis, two of the definitions that Meno gives as definitions of virtue are analyzed. This includes the second definition where Meno defines virtue as the power to rule over others. The third definition given by Meno is the power to acquire subtle things. In both cases, Meno genuinely ...

Virtue Ethics and Relativism on Military Ethics

I. Introduction (200 words) Military ethics has been in existence in times immemorial. Tribes, communities, and sovereign governments from around the world have at times in their history engaged in either just or unjust wars. The rationale behind armed fights and wars is for soldiers to protect their own lives, people they serve, and state. The moral question that seem to perplexed some individuals and groups is whether it is morally right to kill others in order to preserve one’s life, particular society, government, and even posterity. Such a moral questioning is an ethically significant issue because modern ...

Philosophers customarily described virtue as the morally good habit such as honesty, honour and benevolence among others. Ethicists essentially failed to offer specific definition of the idea of virtue since the term often assumes controversial meanings in different situations. Hume is one of the renowned philosophers who have considerably developed the knowledge of the idea of virtues. Hume assumes a different perspective from the traditional view of the concept of virtue in reference to both the moral significance and the quantity of virtues. In his moral writings, Hume stretches the idea of virtues to include values such as wit, ...

The Meno, one of Plato’s dialogue, is one of the most studied Meno describes the excellence of humans as he answers Socrates with a list of virtues of a man. Socrates is looking an answer of the definition, but Meno is giving examples of virtue. Many Greek philosophers gave theories about the virtues of human beings; what comprises human excellence, in terms of virtues, of people. They believed that these theories were related to the final objective of human beings on this earth, as well as their intention and what incorporates the great life that everybody wants to ...

Virtue and Care Theory

Thesis: Virtue ethics is built on the premise that the undertakings of an individual or group must be aligned with the moral tenets that define the essence of good living. The traditional and modern practices of virtue ethics intimate that character traits, vices or virtues are the key determinants of moral standings. These variables determine how humans relate to each other in the society. Nonetheless, virtue ethics has been extensively applied in the medical practice. Virtue ethics and medical practice have a high affinity, and they enhance the provision of care in healthcare facilities. I. Introduction

B. Summary and ...

Chapter 1 of “True Virtue”

In Jonathan Edwards’ The Nature of True Virtue is the philosophers’ concrete attempt to define the nature of virtue – in Chapter 1, “What the essence of true virtue consists in,” Edwards insists that, regardless of controversy, “virtue is something beautiful, or rather it is some kind of beauty or excellence” (Edwards 1). In essence, virtue is something that is intrinsically beautiful, but not all things that are beautiful are virtuous. Instead, virtue belongs only to human beings and those other creatures of free will (like God); “Virtue is the beauty of the mental qualities and acts that are of ...

Cicero argued that true friendship cannot be attained without virtue on the part of the persons. He stressed the importance of virtue among people before they can be considered true friends. On the other hand, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg comments that virtue is not a criterion for determining true friendship. Facebook, a social networking site where people become friends with thousands of others without ever seeing them, is devoid of this view by Cicero. This is because rarely does a person know the character and virtue of his friends in a social networking site but rather chooses friends based ...

Introduction

Saint Thomas Aquinas is one of the people accredited for having brought theology into the limelight. However, though theology existed long before the emergence of philosophers and fathers if the church, individualistic drives such as those of Aquinas brought a deeper understanding into the mysteries of theology. Modern day theology would not have gotten any bearing without the impact of philosophers and scholars who simplified the understanding of theological concepts. While it cannot be independently verified what the motivation was behind the interest in theology, it is clear that theology is what it is because of the input of ...

The aim of this essay is to present you with the answers to specific questions. The specific questions derive from the reading of four (4) specific dialogues of Plato that are included in the first volume of his dialogues. The essay is structured in such a way that each answer to each one of the questions covers the main thematic core of each question. The four (4) dialogues used as the starting point of the following questions are Ion, Menon, Apology and Crito. - In Ion, Ion claims that his skill at reciting and explaining Homer’s Iliad and ...

Introduction

There is no denying that Aristotle holds the distinction of being one the greatest philosophers during the ancient Greek world, but his ideals transcends into popularity even to today’s modern age. The tenets of virtue are among the prominent subjects of Aristotle’s philosophical views. However, it is apparent that the philosopher has a rather different treatment of virtues as perceived from his arguments reiterating ethical values as personal dispositions. The focus of this discussion is to argue on the subject of whether or not Aristotle’s treatment of the virtues is in fact satisfactory. Examining the philosopher’ ...

Virtue ethics is a theory used to make principled and moral decisions. It is at the moment one of the main approaches in normative ethics. It is a broad term for theories which put emphasis on the role of virtue and character in moral philosophy in contrast to the approach which stresses rules and duties. Alternatively is certainly is the aspect that stresses the consequences of actions. Seemingly, virtual ethics revolves around the conception of Eudemonia which advocates for great happiness as a result of reason-governed life. It majorly concerns the good for the self. It does not rely ...

In Meno, Plato explores Socrates conundrum “that a man cannot enquire either about that which he knows, or about that which he does not know; for if he knows, he has no need to enquire; and if not, he cannot; for he does not know the very subject about which he is to enquire.” . Meno uses the device of encountering Meno a Thessalian who is a follower of Gorgias. The conversation turns to the topic of virtue. The first question is if, and how virtue can be taught. They agree that it must be defined before any more questions ...

Knowledge is a powerful mechanism for survival in the world. Knowledge helps us dig into our soul and understand the world better. Through our knowledge of the world and our environment, we become powerful both physically and mentally. Plato's words "knowledge is virtue" have deep underlying meaning in it. According to Socrates, virtue is knowledge of knowing what is good and bad. One who knows all the good and bad of the world is virtuous. Virtue is divided into four parts - courage, temperance, justice and piety. Courage refers to knowledge of what is good and bad in the ...

[Author’s Name] [Institutional Affiliation] - Introduction Marriage has been, is, and expected to be a powerful cultural force all over the world. It is the institution that is appreciated and esteemed in almost every nook and corner of our planet. Thus, marriage is given an important place even in the modernized, contemporary society of the present era. This is the reason why conflicts over whether gay and lesbian marriage are to be recognized are much more enthusiastic and keyed up in the recent years as compared with the times gone by. Same-sex marriage is a reality which cannot ...

Abstract.

Ethical situations require that businesses make choices out of competing interests. It is in the best interests of accountants to foster virtue oriented ethical mindset. This paper explores the role of virtue ethics in the field of accounting. The paper proposes the argument that the development if a universal law governing business ethics is difficult. Realization of ethics thus depends on the virtues of the practitioners in the area of accounting. Still, the paper fosters the argument that ethics is individual born, and depends mostly on how individuals respond to situations. i. Introduction The exact meaning of ethics is ...

Assignment #1 – Aristotle

Virtue or Vice: Aristotle’s Ethics of Friendship and the Ethical Problem of Prostitution Aristotle and the Ethics of Prostitution The best way to think about prostitution in an Aristotelian way is to think about whether or not a prostitute is a friend. In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle spends a considerable amount of time on thinking about what constitutes friendship. However, can someone one procures sex for money be a friend? Furthermore, is prostitution a virtue or a vice? These are issues when thinking about these issues in terms of the Aristotelian tradition. In thinking about the issue of ...

As far as we know, the question of virtue’s connection to happiness came out of the context of society. Though it is possible that this question arose in earlier human communities, we do know that strong arguments for this viewpoint arose from ancient Greek cultures, advocated by Aristotle, and also from the Buddhist tradition in the East. This idea makes sense, as modern humans exist within the context of a society. As Flanagan points out in Chapter 6, Buddhism is founded on this basic idea that happiness is a product of perspective that results from culminating virtue in ...

As in all other Socratic dialogues, Socrates demands that it is necessary to first understand the true and correct nature of that which one wishes to understand by correctly defining its essence. He requires a full definition which is not fragmented, as only this can clearly explain the essence of the issue at hand. According to Socrates, in order to understand whether virtue can be taught, one must first understand what virtue truly is. He prioritizes correctly defining terms, before pursuing the path through which one may fully understand the term. Meno’s first suggestion is that there exist ...

Question 1

According to Aristotle, virtue is simply a state of character. Every person has a character that results from the repetition of certain kinds of habits or activities. Aristotle defines ethical virtue (or excellence) as a positive character trait. It is the excellence in fulfilling a particular function. Virtues are not inborn, but rather, developed by means of habits. However, the capacity to develop virtues is inborn. Aristotle notes that, not every habit imparts virtues; some habits work against virtues. Aristotle concludes that ethical virtue or excellence is a characteristic that involves choice. The choice result from observing the mean, ...

Introduction

René Descartes was born in France in the sixteenth century in the year 1596 and he lived a full life until his death in the seventeenth century in the year 1650. Rene Descartes is one of ancient recommendable philosophers who immensely contributed in the critical thinking of the society members especially on the issue of passion, desires and soul. Apart from being a philosopher, René Descartes was a reputable writer and he spent a substantial amount of his time in the republic of Dutch. Rene Descartes work is of great importance even to the modern social ...

Naturally, societies condemn murderers and advocate therapy in case an individual contemplates suicide. Both actions preserve a life that is not only precious but also considered a gift from God. By extension, even atheists conform to the cultural norms that render lives susceptible to God’s will alone and never to that of a human being. With that in mind, individuals avoid the question of euthanasia or mercy killing where people opt for suicide or voluntary murder when their lives become unworthy. It is plausible that most individuals who seek euthanasia have incurable diseases that cause them immense pain ...

Introduction

After a long struggle, it seems today that women have achieved equality after many centuries of oppression. Women have acquired financial independence and a strong voice in the public space. In addition, women are now present in politics and respected as leadership figures. This does not mean however that the Western societies have reached gender equality. Moreover, it is not even clear that being equal necessary fulfills women’s needs, particularly since, this equality was obtained by bringing women’s status close to that of men, in a patriarchal society which defines needs primarily through a man’s point ...

Aristotle and Machiavelli have been described as political scientists. The two men have differences in terms of philosophies in relation to the vision they had on the political system. Each man was a product of his own time. Aristotle rose from Greece in the Golden Age while Machiavelli sprouts from Medieval Europe. Their cases gave advice and ideas hold weight in modern political aspects considering their philosophies and outlooks which differ. According to Aristotle, he perceived that the main goal of politics was to deliver a “good life” to the society. Machiavelli’s goal shared the view that the ...

Ethical situations require that businesses make choices out of competing interests. It is in the best interests of businessmen to foster virtue oriented ethical mindset. The paper will explore various ethical virtues in business field. The paper proposes the argument that the development if a universal law governing business ethics is difficult. Realization of ethics thus depends on the virtues of the practitioners in the areas of businesses. Still, the paper fosters the argument that ethics is individual born, and depends mostly on how individuals respond to situations.

The exact meaning of ethics is hard to capture. What is “ ...

Virtue Ethics highlight the principle of a person’s character rather than some other factors when it comes to determining his moral value and philosophy. Basically, virtue ethics is a person-based ethics. It focuses on what type of person one should become and what kind of life a person should live with. According to virtue ethics, certain ideals that are only discovered through reflection, such as dedication and excellence, must be attained to whole-heartedly experience humanity. A person chooses to be morally good solely because it is innate in his character.

Virtue ethics speaks of an individual’s character ...

The ancient Greek philosophers are commonly taught in philosophy classes in the western world, and their philosophical ideas continue to be important to this day. However, Islamic philosophers did just as much for western schools of thought as the Greeks did, although they very infrequently receive the same amount of focus or attention in academic and educational situations. This may be because traditional education has focused heavily on the Greeks and Romans as thinkers; it may also be a disparity in the educational system that does not place equal value on Islamic schools of thought and Islamic history. Aristotle, ...

No one debates the vast influence that Aristotle has had on Western culture. It seems every discipline, from Science, to art, to literature, bears the mark of his influence. His ideas and his succinct ordering of them have incalculable influences in today’s world. He had rigid ideas regarding human relationships, happiness, virtues, deliberation, justice and friendship. His Nicomachean Ethics is a conclusive work that governs what he considers to be both the “ultimate” good and specific “goods” attainable for man. He believed that things were directed towards specific ends, and that a virtuous entity was one that stayed ...

`When the reported that the Adelphia Corporation was facing imminent collapse, shock waves ran through the business world. The reveal of Adelphia scandal made the world rethink their business practices. The story of Adelphia presents how one of the largest companies in the United States could also cause on of the largest cases of fraud in business history. By taking a closer look into the Adelphia scandal we are better able to determine what went wrong and what can be done in the future to prevent these types of instances.

This hidden information led to questions about ...

Aristotle ethics refers to the category of practical science, its purpose is not an abstract theoretical knowledge, but doing things. Ethics, therefore, does not apply to an accurate knowledge of her subjects rather vague and full of uncertainties and, therefore, are understood enough about. One cannot demand - says Aristotle - the same rigor in the proofs of geometry and rhetorician. The subject of ethics is good, then, to aspire to every action and every choice (προαίρεσις). By its purpose, and directed all good art, so a lot of these goals, but some art are subordinate to other, that is. ...

Introduction

- Marijuana - Facts about Marijuana - Thesis statement

Marijuana laws

Explanation of how virtue ethics (Classical Theory) could resolve legalizing marijuana Contrast of explanation with ethical egoism. Views closer to mine Conclusion Abstract This document contains a proposal to legalize marijuana in United States of America. Many States have already legalized the use of marijuana for medical reasons and laws regarding the amount of ther drug people carry have been modified to the extent of those who have already been convicted given an opportunity to have their sentences/convictions revoked. Both classical and contemporary theoretical perspectives will be applied in arguing ...

Outline

Introduction

Lenn Goodman- ‘Some Moral Minima:’ A Perspective

Challenges to Relativism

Conclusion

Introduction Relativism is a concept that forges reality advancing assumptions which declare nothing to be absolutely true or valid. This is so because what has been proven true or valid is always based on personal perceptions which may be influenced by various predisposing factors. Often they may be merely subjective sentiments which are not universal since they only represent the view point of a few, the minority, majority or imposition of a dictator (Baghramian, 2004) When conceptualized within the context of morality it impinges on the framework ...

Throughout the history of Western civilization, people have asked themselves questions about how to lead their lives and achieve happiness. Major philosophers have debated this idea, arguing for different ways of orienting their lives, commenting and criticizing their precursors in the process. Two of the most important of these thinkers were Aristotle and Immanuel Kant, who both drafted different ethical theories, while staying within the boundaries of what is considered standard in the Western philosophical tradition. Specific differences in their contexts lead to major dissimilarities in their theories. However, both theories have aspects which may be considered correct, and ...

In this paperwork I am going to explicate and criticize the following book-Nicomachean ethics (Aristotle’s Ethics).

The Nicomachean ethics work start with a discussion of eudaimonia that means happiness, and turn to an assessment of the scenery of good quality, thus, bringing out clearly the character traits that people need in order to live life at its preeminent. It is important to note that at the end of each task, a brief discussion is included about the correct connection between the people and the divine. Through a literature review, it has been depicted that the Nicomachean Ethics is recognized as the most significant books in the world of ethics and undoubtedly the most prominent work ...

The central claim of this paper is: the movie Million Dollar Baby is a cinematic argument containing the central thesis of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave from Republic and Aristotle’s moral philosophy from Nicomachean Ethics. First, the allegory of the cave will be explained as well as Aristotle’s theory of virtue. The paper will give examples from Eastwood’s film to back up the thesis, along with possible counterarguments. The story of the cave is Plato’s argument for how knowledge begins in darkness and ascends towards truth (517a). The ascent to knowledge is gradual. Darkness ...

Introduction

This is a layman’s effort to hit the importance of Aristotle’s explanation of the human nature. In his work of sociology and ethics; the Nicomachean Ethics Book 1, he emerge as a good natured and cheerful philosopher. He is an icon in his writing and shows his skilled and a vast experience in writing since he entices many people to look into ethics. From my point of view Nicomachean Ethics is a philosophical that reviews the nature of the good life for a human being. He begins the work by suggesting that there is often an ultimate ...

Introduction

To illustrate the various aspects of business ethics and religious perspectives, a study was carried out in a CPA firm. This company is owned by Myron D. Solomon who is a CPA and he was interviewed for purposes of this study. This is a small firm located along Dundee Road, Buffalo Grove, Illinois. His firm provides accounting services for small and medium sized companies. It is estimated that his business revenue is less than $ 500,000 annually. Myron D Solomon does not employ full time employees. He shares office space and employ with two other ...

Aristotle’s notion of happiness is quite different from our understanding of happiness. He called happiness an “activity” while the contemporary interpretation of happiness is a placid state of human mind. Thus, happiness now is seen as an emotional state rather than the result of certain action. Greek word eudaimonia can be rendered as “success”. People who are successful according to this notion are not in a particular state, but they live successfully. Aristotle considered happiness as an ongoing state caused by actions, rather than temporary euphoria. He stated that virtuous people can be happy when they exercise their ...

The evolution of moral values follows the arc of ancient Greek society, from its martial antecedents in the Homeric age through the blossoming of high culture that immortalized the Athenians to the subjective meditations of the Stoics. The series of armed conflicts that archaeologists have identified as the Trojan War (circa 1200 B.C.) were manifestations of ancient Mycenaean culture, an Indo-European civilization characterized by warfare and the virtues of physical courage. From this heroic past came the concepts of arete, or “excellence,” and agathos, roughly translated as “good.” A close reading of Homer reveals that “agathos is used to ...

Introduction

Socrates and his student Plato are distinguished philosophers of all times. Their philosophical studies have immeasurably contributed to the today’s philosophical works such as justice, ethics and knowledge. The two philosophers have shown great similarities in almost all their pursuits. They both hold tightly to the value that moral values are of utmost priority in any civilized society. They both cling to the old saying that “virtue is its own reward.” Also they both have a common propelling force in this area of study. Their idea behind this subject matter is an interesting concept that “virtue is the ...

1. Identify the main pros and cons of a virtue ethics approach? The virtue ethics approach is a theory that suggests that people are judged via their character, not specific actions. An individual who has developed good character traits (virtues) is judged as a morally good person. An individual who has developed bad character traits (vices) is judged as a morally bad person. Most of us have a mixture or virtues and vices. There are many pros and cons linked to this approach. The pros include a. Emphasis on pleasure and emotion – it is good that we should enjoy ...

Abstract

The moral principles that govern an individual’s or a group’s code of conducts are referred as ethics. In other words, it is the subdivision of knowledge that deals with the moral actions of human beings. Equally, virtue ethicist is expounded as the characters of an individual’s character as well as the virtues that take a central role in the determination of one’s ethical behavior. It encompasses not one, but three imperative approaches to normative ethics that recurrently gets differentiated to deontology. It is from that background that the paper will be taking a position of ...

Academic integrity, commonly known as academic honesty, refers to commitment even in the face of struggle to the five vital virtues of trust, honesty, respect, responsibility, and fairness. It is from these values that behavioral principles flow. These principles of behavior enable academic communities in translation of ideals into actions. Ethical theories enable us to contemplate issues and make rational decisions about the proper action to take. They assist us to be moral agents with a conscience by pointing out one's duties in such occasions. These theories also guide the choices we make in particular cases. Examples of these ...

Philosophy

Explain Mill's argument in chapter two of Utilitarianism against telling a lie. Is his argument against lying consistent with his claim in chapter four that it is beneficial for people to believe that virtue is good in itself? Mill’s argument in chapter two of Utilitarianism against telling a lie concerns the principle of utility and expediency . Under the principle of utility, there should be the maximization of happiness (satisfaction) for the greatest (most number) of people. Under expediency (that is, suitability to the end in view), an action should offer the most appropriate or pleasurable outcomes. Any expedient ...

Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle valued reason above all other characteristics and argued that it separated human beings from plants and animals, and like Buddhist philosophy elevated spiritual truths over material concerns. The Greek idealist philosophy was not as completely divorced from the physical universe as Buddhism, however, even though both agreed that the soul was immortal. They also regarded virtue as being its own reward and defined it as seeking higher spiritual and moral values rather than money, power and physical pleasures. Often their ideas have been misunderstood in that they thought the highest level of ...

Introduction

Plato brought together the major schools of wisdom known at his time into one cognizant philosophy that endures to this day as one of the cornerstones of Western Philosophy. The physical Academy he founded was so renowned in his time and in the years to follow; it remained intact for almost a century through political changes, wars and turmoil. One of the reasons for this is that he sought truth and wisdom. While other philosophies dealt with individual problems Plato looked to the whole of understanding, acknowledged other viewpoints and incorporated them into his own philosophy if they were ...

1. The word “philosophy” means in Greek “the love/pursuit of wisdom” – considering the first Greek philosophers (the Pre-Socratics), what propelled them to pursue a new kind of “wisdom”? What were they unsatisfied with?

The pre-Socratic philosophers were referred to as physiologoi, meaning physical or natural philosophers. They sought to provide natural and rational justifications for various occurrences. The “essence of things” propelled them to pursue new king of wisdom by posing questions such as; where does everything come from? Can nature be explained mathematically? From what does everything emanate? As such, their concerns were ontology, mathematics, and cosmology. ...

It is an accepted fact today that written contracts are a mainstay in the American legal lifestyle. However, as easy as writing a contract, getting out of it is almost equally as easy. On June 30, for instance, Donald Trump sued Univision, a Hispanic broadcasting organization, for $500 million when the latter cancelled ties with his Miss Universe Organization from 2015 through 2019 over a racist remark against Mexicans during a presidential candidacy (Broke, 2015). Is it valid for Univision to cancel the contract on the basis of racial discrimination, a point unrelated to the broadcasting of Miss Universe ...

In Boethius’s work “The Consolation of Philosophy” the term or a variation of the term “wickedness” appears 108 different times. Conversely, the work could even be called “On: Wickedness” since this is the overriding theme of the work. For “Boethius” human beings are moral beings. It is only through wickedness that their natural tendency for good becomes corrupted. While wickedness may lead to material or social gain in the short term, wickedness prevents a person from achieving happiness. It is wickedness itself then, that is its own punishment since it will prevent a person from achieving their happiness. ...

Introduction

Aristotle who lived between 384BC- 322 BC is today recognized as one of the greatest philosopher who ever walked this earth. He was a Greek philosopher and a student of another famous philosopher by name Plato. Aristotle is also considered to be the teacher of Alexander the Great and most of his influences were brought about by the interaction the two had and shared. Aristotle came up with many writings of his time and mostly revolved around philosophy but he also touched on issues to deal with metaphysics, music, logic, politics and government. Aristotle is one of the pioneers ...

There are three major approaches in normative ethics and one of them is virtue ethics. The other two approaches are deontology and consequentialism. The difference between virtue ethics and the other two approaches is that it emphasizes virtues or moral character. Deontology on the other hand is more concerned on duties or roles while consequentialism stresses the outcomes or results of actions. The main focus of virtue ethics is whether the actions of a person is an expression of a good character or not. Aristotle differentiates between intellectual and moral virtues. He defines moral virtue as the manner of ...

Philosophy

Explain Mill's argument in chapter two of Utilitarianism against telling a lie. Is his argument against lying consistent with his claim in chapter four that it is beneficial for people to believe that virtue is good in itself? Mill claimed that it is expedient for a person to tell a lie in some circumstances as long as it will maximize total pleasure for oneself and other people (Mill 32). He based this line of reasoning from the fact that Utilitarianism is about the greatest happiness for the greatest number “to all mankind” and [] “whole sentient creation” (Mill 17). Mill ...

Animal research has been used for a multitude of reasons. Few consumers realize that their money is going to fund animal research when in reality both tax dollars and charitable donations and more everyday seemingly harmless actions often channel substantial amounts of consumer dollars towards animal testing and research. Many citizens would be disturbed to learn the extraordinary cruelty perpetrated on millions or animals a year in the name of science. In this modern age, animal research is all but obsolete with higher quality and more efficient methods of testing available. So why does animal research still persist? By ...

Love was first reflected in Christianity which is about God’s unconditional love and grace to mankind. According to John 4:16, in the Bible, “God is love. Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in them”. The Oxford Dictionary defines love as “a strong feeling of affection and in Old English it was called ‘lufu’. As a virtue love represents compassion, kindness and affection towards humans, one self and even animals. In Christian theology, love or charity (as it is also called), is one of the greatest virtues. In fact love is known as a spiritual virtue, ...

In “Euthyphro,” one of Plato’s early dialogues, Plato describes the meeting between Euthyphro and Socrates near the king-archon’s court and proceeds to record their conversation about piety. Piety is a virtue that is often interpreted as religious devotion or spirituality. While piety in contemporary society usually means devoting God to gain good graces or seek forgiveness, piety was considered in a wider context by Greek philosophers, so it was a virtue that allowed a person to respect social order, religious order, and display devotion to others. Piety is directly influenced by the development of practical wisdom because ...

Much Ado about Nothing features many virtuous, proper characters who behave in an upper-class manner befitting the upper crust of the Renaissance. As a result, a great importance is placed upon virginity, chastity, and avoiding scandal at any cost. Virtue and honor are very important in this society, with a great emphasis on remaining faithful and virginal for one’s husband. In this essay, the ideals of virtue and virginity/sex will be explored in Much Ado about Nothing, including how many characters deal with these issues. In the beginning of the play, Claudio is attempting to woo Leonato’s ...

Cejudo Cordoba, R. (2013). Making Sense Of Doing Wrong: On The Justification Of Compromise Decisions. Crítica , 45 (135), 29-53. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/search/advanced

This paper holds that compromises are types of agreement and types of decision. Its major objectives are the following. First, is to identify the formal organization of compromise situations (CD), or dilemmas where some CD cannot be avoided that includes jeopardizing the integrity of the maker of the decisions. Second, that by the notions of Amartya Sen’s of the basic and compulsive judgments and create a CD ...

Philosophy

Aristotle defines virtue as being of two kinds; moral and intellectual. Intellectual virtue is dependent on teaching and requires experience and time, while moral virtue is a result of habit. This is to say that moral virtues arise in an individual by nature. In consideration of what virtue is, Aristotle examines the three kinds of things found in the soul-passions, faculties and states of character (Ross 84). In this consideration, Aristotle then concludes that virtue is a trained faculty of choice or habit, the characteristic of which lies in observance or moderation of the mean in relation to the ...