Essays on Organic Compounds

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Groundwater contamination by toxic metals and organic compounds is a serious environmental and public health problem (Crini 39). Many of the common contaminants in wastewater are known to be toxic or carcinogenic. Common groundwater contaminants include heavy metal ions, aromatic compounds, and dyes. Additionally, heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to bioaccumulate, leading to various diseases and disorders. Mercury and cadmium are among the most toxic metals and are very damaging to the environment. Additionally, chromium (VI) is a wide-spectrum toxin, as it is toxic to bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. Organic compounds in groundwater are ...

Bacteria refer to the regnum of prokaryotes (Sundararaj, Mudaliar, Anthoniraj, Kannan, Muthukaruppan). For the current moment, it accounts for more than ten thousand kinds of bacteria. The bacterium is recognized as one of the most ancient of living organisms, arising about 3.9 – 3.5 billion years ago. Bacteria have the substantial variation in the ways of metamorphic and energetic metabolism. Thus, autotrophs can synthesize all necessary organic molecules from non-organic compounds, whereas heterotrophs demand active organic compounds to transform them. The biggest degree of heterotrophs belongs to intracellular parasites. They are called saprophytes (Sundararaj, Mudaliar, Anthoniraj, Kannan, Muthukaruppan) and can ...

Abstract

The research is dedicated to studies of activated carbons performance in the wastewater treatment process of dye removal. The experiment was performed to assess the efficiency of the commercial activated carbons (F100, F600, F820, SGL 8×30, CAL, AP4-60, OLC12×30) in adsorption process for Dylon Burlesque Red removal. The effect of pH, type of activated carbon, dye, contact time, and salinity was studied. The experiments were performed by measuring the absorbances of the solutions before and after contact with the activated carbon. The absorbance was evaluated with UV-vis spectrometry. The adsorption of the dye took place on all ...

Introduction

Much recent publicity surrounding climate change has focused mostly on global warming, but little direct correlation has been given in the media with regard to the impacts that environmental pollution has on climate change, and also on human health. Although studies of pollution and the environment have been carried out since the time of the Industrial Revolution, it only relatively recently that attempts to measure environmental on a global scale have been undertaken. Environmental pollution is a major cause of global concern, not only for the effects that it has on the physical environments, but also for its potential ...

Introduction

In 2014 Flint Michigan found itself captured in the national headlines after high levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) and lead concentrations were found in the water system. This was after a terrible decision was made by the Flint Michigan city council of switching the water supply from a Detroit plant treated water system to the local Flint River water supply. The decision was made because the city council officials believed that the new proposed water system would assist in saving a lot of money little did they know that they would cause a significant problem to the society. Soon after ...

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

4 – Nitroaniline

INTRODUCTION

4-Nitroaniline is an organic nitro aromatic compound. It is a yellow powder with a pungent odor and is highly soluble in hot water, methanol, ethanol, acetone etc (Lide 1994). Its chemical formula is C6H6N2O2. It has the following chemical structure: (Courtesy: PubChem 2016) It is also known as P-Amino nitrobenzene, P-Nitraniline or Benzene amine (PubChem 2016). It explodes on decomposition to emit toxic nitrogen oxides (Lewis 1996). 4-Nitroaniline is used in the manufacture of textile dyes such as the red azo dyes. It is also used in preparation of antioxidants, fuel additives, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and poultry medicines ( ...

According to EPA (2016), environmental management involves the development of systems aimed at reducing environmental impacts of various activities. In the Brundtland commission report (WCED), sustainable development has been described as development aimed at meeting the current needs of the present generation. However, as the current generation focuses on meeting their own needs, their activities should not compromise the capability of future generations to also meet their own needs. Available evidence suggests that the future generation would have challenges meeting their own needs if the current generation fails to adopt sustainable practices. The sustainable development incorporates the triple line: ...