Essays on Bacteria

IntroductionFood consumption is one of the major requirements for humans; people eat to live with at least majority of people been blessed with a meal each day, whereas others may afford three or more. People are independent of culture and customs, eating remains a key facet in different celebrations all over the world among and within friends and families. Moreover, people wish to have a nutritious and healthy meal but the problem is “The safety of the food people consume.”The improvement of livestock and plants for the production of food and the use of diverse conservation skills have Continue reading...

Probiotics

Probiotics are organisms that are supposed or held to have a pronounced role in improving human health. A good example of such probiotics is bacteria that are found in food and some supplements. They help in the digestion and they are as well important in boosting the immune system of an individual. One may wonder why it may be necessary to take live bacteria, when we spend a lot of time killing bacteria with the use of antibiotics. The reason is simple and this may include the right balance of bacteria in our bodies since they are of great Continue reading...

Abstract

Urinary tract infections, abbreviated as UTIs, are bacterial infections that are very common in people who reside in the nursing home of South Florida. Recurrence of UTIs in the nursing homes is very common, and 50% of women or men experience recurrence of the infection within six weeks therapy time. It becomes challenging to diagnose the UTIs in nursing homes because residents do not present genitourinary symptoms. The administration of antibiotics enhances occurrence re-infection with the organisms that are resistant and adverse effect of drugs. More research is significant on diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection among the Continue reading...

Abstract

Recently, attention has been diverted to clean, alternative and renewable technologies due to the depletion of petroleum resources and increase of the green house gases from the combustion of fuel resources. Fuel cell is the fore-runner of these technologies and has received immense impetus due to its relatively clean source of energy. Fuel-cells are devices that produce electrical energy from chemical transformation reactions. Electrodes are placed within an electrolyte medium that facilitates oxidation of fuel. In these electrochemical reactions, ions are generated that generate electricity. This electrical energy can be effectively harnessed to carry out a myriad of functions. Continue reading...

Introduction

Water is a very important commodity for the survival of humankind. The hydrological cycle aids in availing water to the earth. It begins when water in the streams, lakes or oceans is heated by the sun and turns into water vapor that penetrates into the air. Also, when plants transpire, water enters the air. The water vapor then condenses to form clouds which, eventually, through precipitation, fall back onto the earth's surface in the form of snow, sleet or rain. This process is made possible when the temperature of the air drops due to air moving up the mountain’ Continue reading...

- Introduction
A compound light microscope represents two or more lens. The term compound refers to multiple or mixture. In compound light microscope built with binocular lens and objective lens. The binocular lens present near the eyepiece and objective leans near to nosepiece. The objective lens helps in enlargement of images and also to collect the light source. According to the requirement the objective lens also changes. In advanced compound light microscope the phase contrasts also possible. In earlier 1595 Zacharias Janssen invented the first light microscope using collapsing tubes. It produced a magnification of 9x. Now the magnification Continue reading...

- Introduction
Ice cream has been the favourite dessert option for a majority of population worldwide. High fat, low fat -- all sorts of options along with the flavours are available in the ice cream world for ice cream lovers. However, made up of cream, ice cream somehow could not be accepted completely by those with a health food fetish. In such a scenario, chefs worldwide worked hard to find a way to please these health freaks. With the innovationists trying their best, a new dawn appeared in the form of frozen yogurt.
- Thesis statement

"Frozen Yogurt really is as healthy as it has been touted"

- History of Continue reading...

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Quench remains a brand leader in the sector of bottled water. Founded in 1998, the company has expanded its operations to all segments of the world. To date, the company boasts of being among the multibillion companies in the globe. Some of the strengths behind the success of Quench are robust advertisements, competitive pricing and image that is positive. The major market segments of the company are sporty individuals who aspire to leave a healthy life. Quench’s initiatives to fund various activities like sports have also received a warm welcome in the community. The reliable Continue reading...

Estimates show that, in the U.S., about 41,000 cases of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) occur in hospitals each year (CDC, 2014). CLABSI is a preventable complication that lengthens the hospital stay and increases the cost of care. It is a cause of patients’ lost productivity and undue suffering. Since 2008, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) has also refused to reimburse CLABSI-related care. The negative implications for the patient and the organization call for prevention using evidence-based practice (EBP).
Accessing the hub of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) is a common source of infection (Moureau, 2010). Continue reading...

English

Fighting Superbugs; more refined tactics need to be discovered
Frequent use of antibiotics promotes growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria or superbugs. These bacteria are immune to the strongest medications. Despite the great progress in healthcare and medical technology, antibiotic resistant bacteria still need to be addressed very effectively. Superbugs are at rage against the humankind. An estimated one in twenty, or five percent, of patients now pick up a threatening superbug infection from the hospitals and this number is rising all the time. A recent study has shown that more than 1.7 million patients in the United States develop Continue reading...

Today, one of the global issues people face to is different types of pollution. With human development, pollution is becoming worse, and as a result, other issues appear. Among them are global warming, new diseases, deforestation and many others. But, it was not like this all the time, as at the beginning the level of pollution was not so high. Otherwise, it would have been an apocalypse already. That was the industry development that caused global pollution.
Even in the late 13th century, people knew about air pollution. For instance, King of England Edward I punished every Londoner, who Continue reading...

There exists about 300,000 plant species on earth, and every individual plant hosts one or more endophytes. However, it is just a few of these plants that have been researched relative to their endophytic biology. Hence, the chance for isolation of new, as well as, interesting endophytic bacteria in plants are important. Endophytic bacteria can be referred to as bacteria that can be isolated from tissues of a surface-disinfected plant or bacteria extracted from inside of a plant, which cause no visible negative effects to the plant. Almost every plant is populated by varied bacteria referred to as Continue reading...

Polio: An American Story is a scholarly book written by David Oshinsky, a historian from the University of Texas, examines American medical research in the 20th century where there was Polio epidemic. Poliomyelitis is a dreadful disease that has claimed a lot of lives before the discovery of a vaccine. Though children are considered to be more prone to getting the disease, adults could also be infected with polio. This means that no one was excluded from attaining an infection despite their age, gender, or class. Oshinsky writes, “Polio hit tidy and stable neighborhoods harder than the areas marked Continue reading...

Scientists have found metallopolymers. Metallopolymers are used to make strains vulnerable to antibiotics. Previously, bacteria were resistant to these antibiotics. Tang and his colleagues noted that a significant fraction of infection is caused by bacteria such as MRSA. MRSA is spread through contaminated hands. The presence of MRSA in the body causes pneumonia and deters treatment by traditional antibiotic such as penicillin when they produce enzymes. Although much effort has been made to inactivate this enzyme, a successful resolution has not been reached. In the process of coming up with a better alternative, Tang’s team tested a recently Continue reading...

English

Foods, Inc is a highly revealing film that takes the audiences behind the iron curtains to corporate insensitiveness to amass wealth quickly. The movie, well documented, and narrated, reveals the power and influence corporate have with Capitol Hill. The movie begins with the misguiding and tempestuous show of greenery, as the camera glides over lush green fields underneath. However, as the narrator say, “The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous ten thousand, but the image that is used to sell the food is the same imagery of gregarine America,” an Continue reading...

Introduction

Decubitus ulcer also referred to as bedsore or pressure sore is an open wound on the skin (Thomas, 2006). Thomas (2006) indicates that the decubitus ulcer mostly occurs on the skin that covers the born areas. Notably, the most common areas for bedsore to appear are; hips, ankles, back and buttocks. Decubitus ulcer are common among the disabled, elderly and those people who spend long periods of time on wheelchairs or bed, and those who are not able to move certain parts of their body without assistance (Thomas, 2006). In keeping with Albert and Spencer (2007), decubitus ulcers/ bedsores Continue reading...

Abstract

The present paper examined water quality and contamination. The three experiments were conducted to find the effects of different pollutants on groundwater, processes of water treatment, and quality of bottled water. The contamination of groundwater was observed to evaluate the result of vitiating environment that has to be protected to ensure a safe future for the progeny. Water treatment processes have to be effective as well as economical, so that people in general worldwide can be benefitted. Treatment method like filtration has researched out for the benefit of people at large. Bottled water was analyzed considering safe for drinking. Continue reading...

I am of the opinion that it is inappropriate to experiment with patients lives leave alone write about it. Most of the research carried however has been carried out on patients. Experimenting with patients is dangerous as the consequences could be dire and unbearable. It is not an accepted code of conduct in the medical practice.
It is widely assumed that the skin is highly contaminated and this contamination may be a major risk to the body through injections. This assumption leads to the practice of skin preparation prior to injections. The mode of skin preparation however differs amongst Continue reading...

Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is difficult to manage because of numerous risk factors and complicated by poor self-management. This is a case study of acute severe asthma triggered by viral respiratory infection and exercise in an Aboriginal female with chronic asthma. The discussion will include the diagnostic tests, patient assessment, care and interventions, medications, and nursing care performed or should have been performed. The expected outcomes will also be described.

An arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed showing respiratory acidosis and mild hypoxaemia. Above normal PaCO2 and below normal pH meant the lungs could not Continue reading...

(City, State)

Introduction

Tuberculosis or TB refers to a common, deadly, and infectious disease that is caused by a number of mycobacteria strains (Kumar, et al., 2007). The most common mycobacterium that causes TB is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB usually affects the lungs, although it is also possible for the other body parts to be affected. The disease uses air as the medium of spreading the infection when infected people sneeze, cough or transmit fluids from the respiratory organs through air. Some of the symptoms associated with the different TB variant, as well as TB stages, include chills, loss of Continue reading...

Introduction:

Clean non-polluted water is a major basic requirement for all the living things. Nowadays, its availability becomes a major problem in the ecosystem. This problem is expected to increase in the future due to population growth and industrialization processes. The processes discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes contribute largely to the contamination of existing natural waters in the environment. Therefore, at the present moment, it is important that the pathogens and pollutants are completely removed from the waste water to cater for the needs of domestic use, industrial use, and irrigation purposes. This paper discusses two processes of Continue reading...

Pasteurization is a process that involves heating of raw milk to a certain temperature within a given set of time. This process kills harmful bacteria found in unpasteurized milk, for example, Salmonella, Listeria and E coli responsible for food borne illnesses. These bacterial organisms are responsible for human diseases such as Typhoid, diphtheria, Listeriosis and tuberculosis. The process was first initiated by Louis Pasteur in the year 1864. Pasteurized milk can stay for a certain period without refrigeration. However, refrigeration especially after opening the seal, is still necessary because of some nonpathogenic bacteria that because food spoilage and is Continue reading...

Introduction

The healthcare sector has changed significantly due to the rise of chronic and lifestyle diseases, and better educated clients who demand quality services. To meet these challenges nurses have embraced evidence based care to improve quality by enhancing aspects such as safety and efficacy of interventions. One of the most important aspects of delivering quality nursing care is ensuring that nurses have the necessary skills, knowledge and attitude needed to improve care. Giving nurses these skills, knowledge and attitude is the key goal of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) program. This essay evaluates the clinical management Continue reading...

Lab 1: Ethical Issue in the Movie Gattaca. The epicentre of ethical issues in the movie Gattaca is the manner in which an individual ought to be judged. Should it be by the genetic composition one is born with or by the character traits, personality attributes and ambitions chosen by an individual? Vincent is born with genetic weaknesses that could result in ailments in the future. His genetic composition denies him access to his dream job despite the fact that he achieves the required grades in school and is a strong and athletic young man. As a result, Vincent Continue reading...

TA
ABSTRACT – Genetic engineering now has straight forward ecofriendly strategies to produce transformation in plasmids. The transformation process allows engineers to introduce DNa with specific desired capabilities into a host plasmid. In this way plants can be created that are able to resist a particular enemy or stressor without having to use toxics like herbicides and insecticides. The bacteria E. Coli was used to determine whether it can be made resistant to ampicillin or not. AmpR was integrated into the host cells and the tracer, GFP was used to identify expressed cells. The laboratory demonstrated that transformation by plasmids Continue reading...

Introduction

Allergy is an immune system disorder. Allergy or allergic reaction is a hypersensitivity to otherwise innocuous substances present in the environment. The allergic reaction is usually a rapid response; however, the sensitivity to certain allergens can be acquired over a period. It was previously called the type one hypersensitivity. It is characterized by an over activation of leucocytes, called the mast cells and the basophils following activation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) (Frigas, Gleich 1986). This activation of the basophiles and mast cells triggers an inflammatory response.

Pathophysiology of the allergic response

The type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is initiated when an allergen is introduced to Continue reading...

Observation and background information

The gypsy moth is one of the most devastating forest pests. It is currently one of the most damaging tree defoliators in the United States. It originated from Europe in 1868 (Davidson 12). The first gypsy moth in the United States occurred in the Boston area. The outbreak can quickly and effectively destroy forests. The gypsy moths are voracious eaters, and they completely destroy the entire trees. Their destruction impact forest and other related industries. The gypsy moths have natural few enemies because they are nonnative (Davidson 65).
The Gypsy moth causes various environmental and economic impacts. The Gypsy Continue reading...

Lesson 5 Answers:

24.) Plants are classified into four major groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and lastly the Angiosperms. Bryophytes are the plants that do not have true vascular systems, which consist of the xylem and the phloem. In this group, includes the mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Together, they are considered as land plants that reproduce their own asexually by producing spores. Spores are produced in the ‘sporangium’ (plural sporangia), a bulb-like structure located at the top of the stalk. It can only be seen through the use of high powered microscope. Because they lack vessels that can bring the nutrients from the Continue reading...

These two readings emphasize on how it is interesting to know that cell evolution research is advancing in new and exciting ways at the intersection of genomics, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and microbiology. The aim of the papers is to reexamine one of the more revolutionary conjectures made to account for the origin of the complicated kind of cell that is the structural unit of the higher animals and plants.
The first reading is entitled “Origin of eukaryotic cells: 40 years on”, the paper is authored by John M. Archibald. The book is aimed at discussing the 40 Continue reading...

Introduction

When a substance is termed as organic, it means that it is produced using through environmentally friendly methods. Ideally, organic substances are not artificial. Organic substances are environmentally friendly. A produce is something that is created. Therefore, organic produce refers to substances that are produced by methods of organic farming. Organic farming does not encourage the excessive use of modern inputs. These inputs include synthetic pesticides and fertilizers that are composed of excess chemicals (Gupta, 2007). Ideally, there is a difference between organic foods and conventional foods. Organic products are produced in compliance with organic standards that are set Continue reading...

The Biological Basis

The term Genetic Modification (GM) refers to the techniques by which the genetic composition of a plant is manipulated by adding specific genes to it. Every plant contains genes, which are DNA sequences containing information that determine its specific characteristics or traits. The genes are “inheritance units” that provide instructions for the development and functionality of the plant’s next generation. Crop plants modified through this process are called GM or genetically engineered crops, or transgenic crops (“Process of Developing Genetically Modified (GM) Crops.”, n.d.). The principal steps in the process are:
- The wanted gene is isolated; e.g. Continue reading...

Introduction

Modifying the genetic make-up of food is a concept which has been around for centuries. Farmers have successfully improved food supply through cross-breeding different plant and animal varieties to develop organisms that yield more, taste better and tolerate harsh conditions. In modern times, this has not always been welcome. The Pure Food Campaign (PFC) was established in 1992 as a coalition of restaurateurs, farmers, animal welfare, environmental and consumer groups opposed to genetic engineered food. Around the same time, the U.S. Agriculture Department stated that it would not regulate production and shipping of Flavr Savr, which is a genetically Continue reading...

Soils are an effective medium of treatment for septic system effluent because they contain complex biological communities. A tablespoon of soil may contain over a million of microscopic organisms including protozoa, molds, fungi, bacteria and other creatures. The microorganisms and bacteria in the soil purify the water before it reaches the underground water. The septic effluent must pass through the soil gradually enough to provide adequate contact with microorganisms. One of the major components in wastewater effluent is nitrogen which exists in different forms. These forms include nitrates (NO3), ammonia (NH3), and nitrites (NO2). Nitrates are essential plant nutrients, Continue reading...

Shock is also called “vascular collapse” and can be a result of assault on body’s homeostasis. Such assaults can be profuse hemorrhage, severe trauma or burns, extensive myocardial infarction, massive pulmonary embolism, or uncontrolled bacterial sepsis. In particular, the “hypovolemic shock is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid loss make the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working”.
Here we will be elaborating on Hypovolemic Shock, which is a result of hemorrhage or body fluid loss. The principle mechanisms involved are inadequate Continue reading...

Internet Encyclopedia of Garbage

- Term: Nitrogen Cycle Page of Coffel text:

Term: Nitrogen Cycle
Page Title: The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact
Organization Operating Server: Nature Education
Hyperlink: The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact
Brief Justification of Web Site as Appropriate: This page is from the Nature Education Knowledge Project. It explains the nitrogen cycle and illustrates how important it is for the survival of ecosystems which sustain plant and animal life. The implications of human interference with the nitrogen cycle are also explained.

Web Site No.: 2

Term: Nitrogen Cycle

Page Title: Water Treatment Solutions

Organization Operating Server: Lenntech
Hyperlink: Water Treatment Solutions
Brief Justification of Continue reading...

Organization

Introduction
In America, one of the most important matter of national concern is clean water. Almost half the Americans believe that clean water is one the fundamental rights of every citizen. Thousands of Americans take part in the local and state water protection group. The Clean Water Act or the Federal Water Pollution Control Act is the principal law that governs the pollution of the surface water of United States of America. The act was originally enacted in 1948 but it underwent certain amendments in 1972 to come to its present form. The 1972 act laid out ambitious plans Continue reading...

Genetic modification, as the name suggests, is a biotechnological process by which the genetic material in an organism such as plants is altered in a manner that does not take place in the nature or via nature-influenced recombination. Such organisms which are called as the Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs find immense practical applications in the modern times. They are used extensively for carrying out medical and biological scientific work, are used to manufacture new pharmaceutical medications and importantly, are used in agriculture to produce good quality crops. The reason why genetic modification has gained prominence in agriculture is Continue reading...

- Background
Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine or fasces and may be transient or chronic. It is crucial to note that more than 90% of patients with incontinence, who are admitted in hospitals including the elderly, develop a for skin breakdown (Fung, 2007, 447). The skin is an important organ in our body because it prevents the human body against external factors. The urinary or fecal incontinence is a risk factor for breaking down the skin, which hinders it from playing its role. It is crucial to note that there are several factors such as age that Continue reading...

Virtual Lab Report

Virtual Lab 1: Virtual Microscopy
A. Gauge the size of various biological components and organisms. The Virtual Microscope (copy and paste this address into a new browser window: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale/ ) can be used to make these observations. Estimate the size (length and width in microns) of
An E.Coli cell is around 0.5µm in width and around 2µm in length. A mitochondrion is around 0.5µm in width and approximately 10µm in length. A Red blood cell is around 5.5µm in width and 7.5µm in length. A virus is approximately 0.25µm in width and around Continue reading...

- pour the unfiltered water through the build filter and collect the filtered water with a glass from the hole made on the cap
- Conclusion

Water we consume comes from rivers, lakes and some of it from ground water. This water may appear clean for consumption; however, it is crucial to ensure that it is properly cleaned before use for domestic purposes. There are several ways in which water can be cleaned. First, it can be boiled to kill harmful bacteria; however, this process does not remove lead and other substances that may render water harmful for consumption. Continue reading...