Essays on Eukaryotic

Hi. I am streptococcus bacterium. I belong in the family Streptococcaceae. My name streptococcus means twisted berry which describes mu characteristic grouping in chains which looks like a string of beads. I am nonmotile and gram positive. I am a common type of prokaryote. I can cause various diseases in humans and animals. If I were to look for a partner, I want something that thrives in the anus, pharynx, and skin because these are my carrier state. I can also look for a partner in raw milk and contaminated foods like eggs and milk. For me, the dirtier ...

Human Genome Evolution and Disease

Genome evolution is one of the key aspects that have helped determine the overall position of human beings from a scientific perspective, as it focuses more on providing scientists with an understanding of the changes occurring within the human body (Tomkins, 2016, p.261). The study of genome evolution has focused more on evaluating the changes in structure, otherwise referred to as a sequence, and size of the human gene within a given period. The study provides scientists with a better understanding of the changes occurring within the human body as well as some of the changes that human beings ...

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated at transcriptional, post transcriptional and translational levels (Tomizawa,  Lekstrom-Himes, and Xanthopoulos 17). Transcriptional control is the primary means of regulating gene expression. Eukaryotic transcriptional control functions at three levels: modulation of the activities of activators and repressors; variations in chromatin structure; and effect of activators and repressors on assembly of initiation complexes (Lodish et al. 368). Regulation of transcription initiation is the most widespread form of gene control in eukaryotes. However, in some cases, transcription may be attenuated and regulated at subsequent steps, such as during or after the transcription process (Cooper ...

Nuc stands for Nucleus. This is an organelle found in the eukaryotic cells, which is enclosed in a membrane. There are various functions of a nucleus. Cell nuclei store genetic information. It maintains the security of the gene and acts as a control center of the cell. Flag is short for Flagella, a tail-like end piece of the cell that is structured to propel the cell and enable it to swim through liquid (Vail and Herreid). ER is the Endoplasmic Reticulum. It is responsible for metabolic processes, membrane and protein synthesis, and also involved with distribution and storage. Mito ...

DISCUSSION BOARD

DISCUSSION BOARD

Part 1:

There are several analogies between the biological cellular structures evolution and the individual corporation development. A prokaryotic cell is a cell with no internal organelles; all the functions of the cell are distributed randomly inside, similar to a small company where all the members of the enterprise execute the functions of production, administration, and management. There are no specialized duties between the members of the organization similar to the lack of specialization in all the volume of the prokaryotic cell. In a eukaryotic cell (Diffen, 2014). There is a presence of internal organelles that execute specialized functions ...

Major Achievements in Biology

Researchers and scientists are always intrigued by biological processes and activities, and strive to utilize them for benefit of mankind. Antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and several therapeutic agents, high yielding as well as disease tolerant plants and animals are all results of extensive research in the fields of cell and molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology and genetic engineering. Treatment to several diseases, even genetic disorders are available today only due to breakthrough discoveries in biology. Three such important discoveries are revelation of structure of ribosomes through X-ray crystallography, identification of tumor specific antigens (TSA) expressed on the surface of cancer ...

Abstract

Transformation remains, and hugely significant tool in extending the borders of life sciences and medicine. It can be referred as fixing intracellular DNA into a bacteria or organism through the vector, thus transforming it. This paper uses plasmid pUC18, self-reproducing circular/spherical strands of genes that may be modified. After the bacteria absorb the vector, some proteins not usually synthesized will occur. In this study, a system has been developed to monitor the transmittance of different DNA (genes) from a genetically transformed strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to E. coli. This mechanism is centered on yeast strains that contain several integrated ...

Introduction

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are vital reactions in living organisms since without the two; there would be no life on earth. Cellular respiration involves a set of metabolic reactions that take place in cells of living organisms thereby converting nutrients like sugar into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Osterhoudt & Barhydt, 2010). On the other hand, photosynthesis involves the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds by the photoautotroph in the presence of sunlight. Most animals attain their energy requirements through cellular respiration while on the other hand; photosynthesis is performed by most plants that can make their food. These two reactions ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]} A cell is a form of the miniature factory that encloses a distinct chemical system that is involved in structural maintenance, homeostasis, energy generation and reproduction. Every organism is made of these structural living units. The cell divides and produces more cells and assists in the growth of the organism. There are two types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are characterised by a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing the genetic material. The Eukaryotic cells can be divided into three main parts, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus (Cooper & ...

Critical analysis

The present study is based on the metagenomics that shows a promising potential to reveal the hidden interactive networks among various species, be it ecological or metabolic. The article present a study conducted by Raes and co-workers (2011), in which they performed research using Global Ocean Survey (GOS) of metagenomic data and ocean samples across the globe. Though only dominant species were sampled in the study, it produced a distinct set of data that facilitated the molecular trait-based ecological studies. The authors have claimed that certain climatic factors drive the functional community compositions. For further investigation, they performed functional ...

Biotechnology has emerged as a major field few decades back but the art of science behind biotechnology primarily emerged with the discovery of natural process of fermentation by microorganisms. The microscopic world of microbes is diverse and huge as they are of multiple types classified into genus and species based on their morphological, biochemical and genetic abilities. They are helpful as well as harmful to the extremes for humans in many ways. Despite continuous efforts by biologists, their identity has been ambiguous and still a lot is waiting to be explored. Only 0.5% of the microbial world is known ...