Essays on Respiration

Abstract

Scholars across the board have been persistent on the need for the near perfection of the concept of vital signs monitoring. Prior contributions to this field of knowledge all seem to bend towards correcting the wrongs that at times overwhelm the nursing practice, while at the same time constructing updates and ingenious suggestions towards the bettering of methods of monitoring vital signs. This paper cuts across the dimensions of nursing practice as applied in a reflective situation, and the evaluative outlook into the perks of vital signs monitoring as a physiological assessment process, its outcomes, and its repercussions both ...

Part 1: Answers to Preliminary Questions

• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight energy to manufacture food using water and carbon dioxide as raw materials.

• An increase in the intensity of sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis up to a given level.

• Photosynthesis and respiration processes complement each other. It is possible to examine the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration under controlled experimental conditions. This can be conducted by setting up an experiment with two sets of experimental set-ups. In each set-up, there should be two test-tubes: one with a high concentration of carbon dioxide and another with a high concentration of oxygen. One pair of test tubes, consisting of a test-tube with a high concentration of oxygen, ...

Introduction

The study of human body movement assists in understanding different biomechanical, psychological, and physiological mechanisms of the body. Taking care of a newborn from the time of birth to the age of about twelve months requires the mother or the caregiver to understand some concepts necessary for the survival of the baby. According to Davis, Cladis & Motoyama (2011), the breathing pattern of newborns from up to the age of six months is purely diaphragmatic (abdominal), hence; the need to understand various positions that allow the infant breath effectively. Understanding diaphragmatic breathing patterns acts as one of the major clinical ...

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

Discussion Board 1

Discussion Board 1

Living things have specific superior characterizes that distinguish them from nonliving items. Living things are characterized by their internal organization, which is composed of cells (Alcamo, 1998).

A rock to a snail

Ideally, a snail is a living thing while a rock is a nonliving. The two differ widely based on the eight characteristics of living things. A snail performs nutrition to obtain energy and experiences respiration as energy is released for use in the cells. Also, a snail moves to different locations since it responds to stimuli and it excretes due to chemical reactions in the body. Additionally, a snail ...

The cardiovascular system consists of blood, the heart, and the circulatory system, which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries. The function of these organs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Each organ system in the body is essential in providing homeostasis in the human body. However, the actions of the cardiovascular system are critical to human life. Many physicians, scientists, and other professionals dedicate their life to the understanding of the cardiovascular system and its diseases so that people can live longer and more productive lives. This paper will discuss the general anatomy of ...

Cellular respiration equation:

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+38ATP. Glucose+Oxygen→Carbon dioxide+Water+38ATP.

Photosynthesis equation:

6CO2+6H2O+sunlight, nutrients→C6H12O6+6O2. Carbon dioxide+Water→Glucose+Oxygen. Respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes. It means that products of cellular respiration are reactants of photosynthesis and vice versa: the products of photosynthesis are reactants for cellular respiration. It is known that plants are autotrophs. Thus, they have to realize cellular respiration because they need energy for their existence. Due to cellular respiration, they receive energy, which is used to make organic compounds (glucose) and oxygen during photosynthesis. From the other side, people are heterotrophs. They ...

Cells are the building blocks of many structures in biology. In their most basic classification, there are prokaryote and eukaryote cells. These two cell types differ in their structure. Prokaryotes typically consist of ribosomes, a cell membrane, and nucleic material. On the other hand, eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles, such as Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, a nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. Both types of cells also have nucleic acid as a form of genetic material. The prokaryote has circular DNA which is not associated with histone proteins; whereas the eukaryote has linear DNA with histone proteins present to help organize and protect ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Which is a better choice at the grocery store: paper bag? Plastic bag? Or tissue bag? Explain your answer.The best choice at the grocery store is to bring a used bag. Paper bags, plastic bags, and tissue bags all have individual issues associated with their use. Paper bags come from a renewable source, and are biodegradable. Despite this, they require more energy to make and are less likely to be reused. Plastic bags are not biodegradable but consume less energy to be made than paper or tissue bags. Tissue bags are the highest energy consumptive option, but are more ...

Introduction

The exchange of respiratory gas is limited by the capacity of the respiratory muscles to circulate air in the lung. Ventilation fails when muscles do not have the capacity to cope with the load brought by the mechanics of the pulmonary system. It is crucial to comprehend the mechanics of respiration/breathing not only for purposes of diagnosing how the system has failed and to offer the correct prescription for treatment of the failure, but to be capable of providing the most effectual temporary respiratory support through the use of a mechanical ventilator, as well. The first category explains the ...

Global warming and climate change are two different terms that have been used over the years to describe different phenomena. Global warming refers to a subsequent increase in the global average temperature (Black & Weisel 5). On the other hand, climate change refers to global climate changes due to increasing average global temperatures brought by changes in rain patterns, increased drought and heat waves. These future projections in the change of global rainfall patterns can be derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports over the years. The argument that the use of term global warming has been ...

Section 1

Part A: Assessment Cause Hank’s pain comes from a two-year-old surgery and radiotherapy for his left lung mesothelioma. Objective Data Hank is alert, oriented and can respond to questions in an appropriate manner. Hank’s skin appears pale with slight perspiration. The VAS assessment kit shows an intensity score of 2/10. Furthermore, Hank demonstrates distress on movement with visible restrictions on trunk movements. Finally, Hank’s chest is clear though with reduced air entry.

Subjective Data

Hank explains that he has a constant burning pain localized in his left chest area. He states that the pain has been continuous since ...

Introduction

Performance enhancement in sports has been a controversial topic over the years. Specifically, sports organizations prefer the utilization of performance enhancement drugs to enhance their efficiency in the sporting activities while other humanitarian and government organizations raise concerns over the negative impacts of these drugs. As such, this paper discusses the negative impacts associated with performance enhancement drugs to the human body and the ethical concerns that emerge from this approach. In many instances, PEDs have been reported to enforce significant resiliency among the users and this is an advantage to sportsmen due to the enhancement of biological functions ...

Mechanical ventilation (MV) causes oxidative stress that is responsible for adverse consequences on organs. In a situation of MV, the excessive pressure impairs the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leading to oxidative and nitrosative stress (Kavazis, 2009; Hafner et al., 2014). MV is commonly associated with hyperoxia where an excess of oxygen is provided. In such a case an oxidative stress can be induced when the oxygen pressure in the alveolar exceeds that of the normal breathing conditions because the biological system is not able to readily detoxify the environment from components such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( ...

Introduction

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are vital reactions in living organisms since without the two; there would be no life on earth. Cellular respiration involves a set of metabolic reactions that take place in cells of living organisms thereby converting nutrients like sugar into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Osterhoudt & Barhydt, 2010). On the other hand, photosynthesis involves the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds by the photoautotroph in the presence of sunlight. Most animals attain their energy requirements through cellular respiration while on the other hand; photosynthesis is performed by most plants that can make their food. These two reactions ...

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are largely responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body. Respiration consists of both inspiration and expiration. These actions are the methods by which essential oxygen is exchanged with harmful carbon dioxide. While oxygen is brought into the lungs during inhalation to be processed throughout the body, carbon dioxide is brought during exhalation to be removed from the system entirely. Once the oxygen has reached the lungs it is taken up by the bloodstream in order to be distributed to the various cells that require a constant exchange of nutrients ...

Chapter #16:

Question 1. Insect-eating birds will decrease in number since their source of food has been reduced. The birds may also migrate to warmer areas during this period.

Question 2.

The habitat is the specific place where the organism lives e.g. a fish’s habitat is water. On the other hand, niche is the position and the role played by the organism in an ecosystem. It includes how the organism obtain food and shelter, the mode of survival, and the mode of reproduction (Sutton & Anderson, 2009, p. 46). For instance, a lion’s niche in the ecosystem is that of a predator.Question ...

QUESTIONS ON BIOCHEMISTRY

Questions on Biochemistry Describe the difference between an obligate and a facultative aerobe. Obligate and facultative aerobes are the same in terms of their ability to use oxygen in their respiration process. However, obligate aerobes requires oxygen to oxidize substrates such as sugar and fat to produce ATP (energy). Obligate aerobes are more efficient in converting substrates to ATP. The key process in aerobic respiration is the conversion of sugar to ATP shown in reaction 1 below:

In the reaction 36 molecules of ATP is produced per molecule of glucose. It is actually a slow process which comprises 3 ...

Introduction

G. K is a ten-year-old that comes to the emergency room with his mother and complains of difficulty in breathing, coughing, running nose and a low-grade fever. The patient is diagnosed of respiratory distress with exacerbation, and poor control of asthma and a plan to manage the condition is addressed. G. K. ten-year-old presents with troubled breathing because of asthma exacerbation. The episode began a day ago, and it presented with fever, cough and a running nose with no other complaints. The mother mentioned that they had multiple family members with asthma. G.K.’s asthma began at infancy and ...

Introduction

Ethylene is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas, although it can also result in combustion of large chained hydrocarbons. Additionally, it is the simplest gaseous organic compound of the alkene group. Statistically, it is the most commercially manufactured gas globally since it has several industrial applications. The gas is odorless, and climacteric fruits do produces the gas as they begin to ripe, for instance, apples. During the fruit ripening process, the gas is responsible for color changing, softening of the fruit as well as the change in texture in addition to other processes too (Abeles et al., 2012 n.p).

Respiration versus ripening

Ripening ...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes shortness of breath, a feeling of tightness in the chest, and persistent cough. There are two primary types of asthma: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic asthma comes about through non-allergic means: cigarette smoke, stress, cold air, cleaning agents – basically anything that does not involve an allergen. Extrinsic asthma, on the other hand, comes about through an allergen such as dander, pollen or others. It leads to a constriction of the airway during an attack, leaving the victim out of breath, unable to take in more air, and with a tight feeling in their chest. In this ...

Introduction

Eukaryotes especially multi-cellular organisms, plants and animals, actually have a mutual relationship that entails interdependence between them. This relationship is based on several factors but the most significant and fundamental one is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. As a matter of fact, plants are the chief sources of organic material in all living things through the process of photosynthesis (Hopkins, 2006). This paper basically tries to demonstrate and illustrate the mutual benefits that exist between plants and animals for survival.

Discussion

According to Hopkins (2006), plants are the chief source of organic matter in nature especially carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats ...

The earth’s atmosphere can be defined as a series of progressively arranged “shells” or “spheres” held to its position by the force of gravity. Just to mention, the earth’s atmosphere exerts pressure to the earth’s surface which is referred to as the atmospheric pressure. In addition, the earth’s atmosphere covers a region of about 480 kilo meters around the earth’s surface after which exists the exosphere. Also, the earth’s atmosphere is further divided into heterosphere and homospere. Homospere is the layer 80 kilo meters just above the earth’s surface that has a uniform chemical composition ...