Essays on Airflow

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease also known as COPD is a group of diseases which make breathing difficult by obstructing airflow and causing other breathing related problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). This disease which is described by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as progressive because it worsens over time includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma in some cases (CDC, 2013; NHLBI, 2013a). In developing countries, poor quality of indoor air is suspected to play a major role in the disease development and progression whereas in the Unites States, tobacco smoke is reported ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Facilities Manager

I would like to request for increased chilled airflow to the Birchwood room A to be carried out immediately.

The hotel will be hosting a group of very important clients in two days time. The group has been booked to attend a function to be hosted in Birchwood room A. it has come to my attention that the room has been nicknamed “the roaster” by the employees. On further enquiries, I realized that this was because the room has a tendency to get very warm and uncomfortable for people in there. Due to the reasons listed above, I investigated the ...

Question 1

Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control hypothesized that the salt intake of children is increasing their risk of developing hypertension, similar to that seen in adults (Park, 2012). The study included over six thousand children between the ages of eight and eighteen, a good sample size for statistical analysis. One potential drawback in the design of the study is that it only involved a detailed interview of the children and not an actual measurement of their daily salt intake. However, the results were clear. Children appear to be eating as much salt as an adult every day and the higher ...

Abstract

The assessment of respiratory functions is mandatory in the diagnosis of lung diseases and related disorders. These functions are assessed by measuring the lung volumes and capacities. In the present experiment, we learnt the use and operation of BIOPAC airflow transducer for measuring the lung volumes. We understood the rationale behind the precautions taken while experimentation. We could successfully correlate the obtained results with the physiological conditions of the subjects of the study.

Experiment on Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory system is a vital system of human physiology. It is involved with the gaseous exchange wherein oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from the ...

Every so often comes an idea that will change the way in which people to do normal tasks. While one may feel their idea is not ground breaking, it can become one of the best inventions. People go through their daily chores and wish that had an easier, or better product that will help them get things done the way they feel. James Dyson felt the same way, as he wanted to make things work better. James Dyson is the make of Dyson Vacuum Cleaners. James Dyson and his research team helped to develop products that have grossed him ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or else known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD, is a form of obstructive lung disease categorized by persistently reduced airflow and it is typical for this situation to get worse over the years. The key symptoms comprise of shortness of breath, cough, and mucus making . It is not uncommon for individuals with bronchitis to show symptoms of COPD . Smoking is considered one of the main factors in causing COPD along with other important causes including air pollution and genetics. Nowadays, and especially in Third World Countries, insufficient cooking and ways of heating are a key ...

Introduction

A wind turbine is a device that uses the kinetic energy derived from wind to create mechanical energy. This simply means the wind’s force pushes the blade into motion. Different wind turbines have different ways of extracting wind energy like most machines. Aerodynamics, on the other hand, simply refers to the flow of air about a body. This makes aerodynamics to be a critical aspect of wind turbines as this flow of air about the turbines is what determines its power output. This paper focuses on the aerodynamic behavior of wind turbines (Hansen 21). Calculation of forces acting on a body ...

Medicine

(Department)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) COPD is among the commonly occurring lung diseases in which the person feels difficulty in breathing (Lynn, Harrold, and Schuster, 2011). There are two main types of COPD: - Chronic bronchitis in which there is a persistent cough with mucus, - Emphysema in which there is damage to the lungs with the passage of time.

Most of the patients of COPD have a combination of both of the conditions.

Causes and reasons of COPD Smoking is found to be among the top most important causes of COPD. Moreover, chances of developing COPD increases with increased smoking. However, in rare cases people may ...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT –ASTHMA– Abstract Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody ...

Fluid Mechanics is a branch of engineering study and it deals with various properties of fluids. In our daily life we use various types of fluids. Most of the fluids are readily available and have some excellent properties. Significance of Fluid mechanics is to know how the fluids and its various properties can be used in our daily life. This part of engineering is integral part of main stream engineering like Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering as well as Chemical Engineering as these brunches of engineering often deals with fluid. In this essay various aspects of fluid mechanics and its application ...

Description of Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a progressive illness due to which the sufferer is not able to breathe easily. In this connection, progressive means that this disease worsens with the passage of time. In COPD, the patient’s coughing produces mucus in large amounts, puffiness, breath shortness, tightness of chest, and similar other symptoms (Currie, 2011). There are two major conditions in COPD i.e. chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Emphysema refers to the condition whereby damage of the walls between several air sacs occurs. Consequently, the air sacs become flaccid due to the shape loss. Such damage also ...

Written Case Study – Pathophysiology II

(Location of the University) 1. Describe the underlying pathology of COPD. What impacts do these pathological changes have on normal physiology? In particular, describe alveolar ventilation in a normal individual and discuss how this might be different in Mr Wenham. (20 marks) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is touted to be the third leading cause of death in the United States of America. In 2010, it has claimed the lives of 134,676 individuals (CDC 2013). By definition, COPD presents persistent blockage of airflow in the lungs — thus interfering normal breathing. Those afflicted with such condition generally ...

Introduction

Psychological disorders are behavioral dysfunctional patterns of emotions, behaviors, and thoughts that cause considerable distress to an individual. They are abnormalities of the mind which affects a person’s day to day life. There are different types of psychological disorders for example, Narcolepsy, PTSD, Sleep Apnea, Anorexia, Bulemia, and OCD. In this case, we are going to look at two patients who had different conditions using the measure and then give the best diagnosis that is safe and most effective.

First client

The symptoms that were exhibited by the first client were identified using DSM-IV TR and the criteria that was ...

Dissolved oxygen is believed to be the volume of oxygen in water. Dissolved Oxygen is believed to be part of the microscopic bubbles of oxygen which are normally mingled water and then appears to occur among water molecules. This component is a vital index of the water body's power to back aquatic life. Aquatic animals and other species like fish "breathe" by absorbing the available dissolved oxygen by means of their gills. The gaseous oxygen comes in the water by absorption straight from the air or by aquatic plant and algae photosynthesis. The dissolved oxygen is believed to be ...

Nutrition and the COPD patient

Pulmonary rehabilitation utilizes multidisciplinary teams to improve the social and physical functioning of patients with COPD. The program provides rehabilitation to t he inpatient, outpatient with COPD. (Hill, 2006). Pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD includes activities like exercise training, behavioral intervention, nutritional therapy outcome assessment, psychosocial and behavioral intervention and education. It can be seen that nutritional therapy is one of the key areas of intervention in a successful pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Patients with COPD are either overweight or underweight. A body mass index that is low has been shown to have a positive correlation to a worse prognosis for ...

Introduction

Malta has a publicly funded health care system similar to the one used in the United Kingdom with free health care at the point of delivery for all citizens and registered long term residents. Private health care co-exist along with the public system on a “pay as you use” basis and is mainly used by foreigners and contracted private physicians. The Maltese Ministry of Health is responsible for oversight and regulation purposes besides spear heading campaigns in the health sector. According to Murray & Frenk, Malta has the fifth best health care systems on the world beating developed countries such as the ...

Background

Asthma is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the lining of airway and obstruction of lung airflow. It usually involves an increase in the number of inflammatory cells, most commonly eosinophils and to some extent basophils, mast cells, macrophages. (Eds. Brunton, et al., 2009) Asthma, together with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is considered as one ofthe most common obstructive lung diseases characterized by expiratory airflow obstruction. (eds. Longo, et al., 2012) An asthmatic patient usually presents with recurrent events of shortness of bright (SOB), chest tightness, and wheezing, “a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing caused by movement of ...

Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Basic Components of a Jet Engine 3 2.2 Compressor 3 2.3 Combustor 4 2.4 Turbine 4 2.5 Exhaust Nozzle 4 3.0 Classification of Jet Engines 4 3.1 Turbojet engines 5 3.2 Turboprop Engines 6 3.3 Turbofan Engines 6 3.4 Turboshaft Engines 7 4.0 Creation of Thrust in a Jet Engine 7 5.0 Conclusion 9 6.0 References 10

1.0 Introduction According to Hunecke (1997), jet engines ...

Basic Modules of Gas Turbine High Bypass Engine

Air Inlet Section: As shown in figure 5, the air inlet section is the most forward section of the engine. This section forms the air inlet for the engine and houses the inlet guide vanes. The purpose of the vanes is to direct the incoming air at the proper angle to the first fan stage. The vane at the bottom of the air inlet is thicker than the others in order to accommodate engine tubing. As indicated in figure 6, the no. 1 bearing support assembly is mounted in the center of the compressor inlet case. Behind the front ...

Every commercial aircraft is fundamentally designed for safety, passenger acceptance, fuel efficiency and airport compatibility among other important features. Numerous challenges face all current passenger aircrafts, for instance the conventional wing consists of a number of moving parts which increase the weight of the plane and are difficult to adjust and maintain. The current control surfaces also increase turbulence and drag since the smooth flow of air is disrupted, and the aircraft cannot adapt to different flight stages and conditions. Design architectures such as the vertical and horizontal stabilizer surfaces increase the overall drag of the plane, for example, the ...