Essays on Obstruction

The process of nursing care aims at ensuring that the care which patients are given in a health care facility has been tested and proven to result in positive outcomes. There are, however, instances where a particular nurse may be overwhelmed by their responsibilities or certain circumstances where the knowledge of a nurse regarding a particular care protocol may be deficient (Huber, 2013). In situations such as these, the delegation of responsibilities is needed. In this regard, a nurse in charge will be required to transfer the responsibility of performing such a task to another care provider while at ...

‘Author’s name’

‘Institution’ Emphysema is an irreversible condition, wherein air spaces in the lungs are enlarged, specifically those beyond the terminal bronchioles and most notably in the alveoli resulting in alveolar wall damage and airflow obstruction. This is most common among chronic smokers. (Braun, 2007) The development of an inflammation in the small airways is mainly the source of obstruction. In moderate to severe emphysema, the primary cause of obstruction is the loss of elastic recoil in the alveoli. Along with the airway obstruction, vascular changes in the lungs can be noted that will make the lining of the arteries and ...

Introduction

The study of human body movement assists in understanding different biomechanical, psychological, and physiological mechanisms of the body. Taking care of a newborn from the time of birth to the age of about twelve months requires the mother or the caregiver to understand some concepts necessary for the survival of the baby. According to Davis, Cladis & Motoyama (2011), the breathing pattern of newborns from up to the age of six months is purely diaphragmatic (abdominal), hence; the need to understand various positions that allow the infant breath effectively. Understanding diaphragmatic breathing patterns acts as one of the major clinical ...

The case is based on acute right quadrant abdominal pain of Mrs. DC who comes to the emergency department. She states that the pain occurred after dinner and has steadily increased. She complains that the pain has increased substantially which has moved towards her back. She also reports to feel bloated and gassy (Yarmish, et al. 2014). The cause of upper right quadrant pain can be due to varied reasons which is based on the general conditions, age, and sex of the patient (Mazzei, et al. 2013). The medical history and physical examination of the patient would help in ...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease also known as COPD is a group of diseases which make breathing difficult by obstructing airflow and causing other breathing related problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). This disease which is described by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as progressive because it worsens over time includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma in some cases (CDC, 2013; NHLBI, 2013a). In developing countries, poor quality of indoor air is suspected to play a major role in the disease development and progression whereas in the Unites States, tobacco smoke is reported ...

Multiple choice questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Increased erythropoietin production Increased heart rate Increased cardiac output Enhancement in oxygen extraction The answer for this question is b. increased heart rate. A reduction in tissue oxygenation as happens in anemia stimulates increased production of erythropoietin through a complex feedback mechanism. Increased production of erythropoietin enhances erythropoiesis in anemia. Increased extraction of oxygen in anemia is a compensatory mechanism that is mediated by an increase in 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations. Increased cardiac output is the main hemodynamic compensatory mechanism in anemia that aims to increase blood flow to the body organs. An increase in heart rate ...

INTRODUCTION

There are some experiences that many people fear more than others, like burning alive or being trapped in confined spaces. However on experience that can inspire profound fear and panic, for people of all ages, all across the world is not being able to breathe. The inability to breathe is terrifying. Not be able to get air into the lungs is a serious concern; if the body goes too long, as few as three minutes, can result in serious health problems and brain damage that may be difficult to overcome even if their lives are saved. One of the ...

Abdominal Pain

Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint. It can be due to a range of conditions some of which are benign and self-limiting and others life-threatening medical/surgical emergencies (Cartwright and Knudson, 2008). This paper will address the issue of abdominal pain from a paramedicine perspective in reference to a 29 year old male patient who presents with this complaint. It will interrogate the provided information and identify other essential information that is needed, three differential diagnoses for the patient, and the pathophysiology of the most probable diagnosis. Lastly, the implications of the case on paramedicine practice will be ...

Abstract

Medical personnel working in the emergency department encounter many cases of patients suffering from life threatening conditions. It is important, therefore, that the healthcare provider determines the exact extent of the injuries before the patient is committed to specialized treatment. In this case, a patient presents to the emergency department with a life threatening condition, renal failure. Assessing the vital signs of the patient is critical in ensuring survival, in addition to reducing or mitigating the extent of the injuries. The assessment was achieved via a primary survey of the patient, which involved assessing the airway patency, breathing and ...

Question 1

The spirometer as well as the peak flow meter are among the key equipment needed in adequate assessment of asthma (Apter, 2014). As such, the spirometer measures the FEV (Force Expiratory volume) and the FVC (Force Vital Capacity) while the peak flow meter measures the efficiency in the flow of air from the lungs.

Question 2

Among the key symptoms and signs associated with asthma include; -Chest tightness -Shortness of breath -Wheezing -Fatigue -Coughing -Sleeping difficulties

Question 3

Asthma is usually associated with various precipitating factors that increase an individual’s likelihood of developing the disease. Among the key precipitating factors include; -Family ...

INTRODUCTION

Martha Stewart was indicated for Securities Fraud. However, she was acquitted of the charges, but instead found guilty of obstruction of justice and making false statements. As a result of the finding of guilt, she served five months in federal prison. There are many opinions concerning the evidence presented in the case against Martha Stewart for violation of the Securities Act. Some legal scholars claim that she was guilty of insider trading while others claim the court properly found the evidence lacking and her actions not in violation of the securities law. Presented in this paper are two scholarly ...

Introduction

Fire protection system is an essential tool to prevent the spread of fire in a large indoor storage facility. The system can be a fire sprinkler, which is commonly designed to activate once a fire occurred. However, an obstruction can influence the operation of the sprinkler system. It is important that obstruction in a large storage facility must be eliminated in order for the system to function effectively to prevent further damage on the facility as a whole.

Obstruction on Fire Sprinklers

There must be a standard installation of fire sprinkler system. According to Palenske & Fletcher (2014), major obstruction on the sprinkler system ...

Why does she have bacteria and white blood cell casts in her urine?

In this case, Ms, Cornwall has focal bacterial infection of her calyces, medulla and renal pelvis. The presence of these bacterial and their invasion within the mentioned parts causes a body response to defend against the invasion. This occurs though a trigger of the inflammatory mediators and other body defense mechanism in this case the white blood cells. With the white blood cells now dominating the region of infection, there occurs a systematic abscess formation and necrosis within the medulla (Alexander et al., 2012). At this point, the next step that could occur is the scar tissue formation which ...

Age: 75 years

Medical Record No: 66543N History and physical examination conducted: June 21, 2016 Source: The patients presents his own medical history and is a reliable source Chief Complain presented: Abdominal pain The History of the Present Illness Past medical history The patient presents with diabetes diagnosed 10 years ago, that is well controlled with Metoprolol medication. He also presents with depression and the patient uses Prozac medication for depression management. Mr. X had been previously hospitalized in 2010 due to MI and cardiac catheterization was done therefore, the patient present with a positive history of surgery.

Social history

Family history The patient ...

Introduction

This paper aims at evaluating concepts of alteration in homeostatic state, secondary to temporal variables. It analyses the case study of Brad, a 45-year old coal cutter who has held the job for 25 years. Brad is experiencing a chronic cough due to prolonged exposure to coal. Importantly, he has not been attending yearly checkups because he fears that his lung is “black.” The disease leads to fibrosis, reduced diffusing ability, and dilation of the small airways. In the final stage, the airways, alveoli, and pulmonary capillaries become damaged.

How the disease described in the case study creates incongruous between ventilation and perfusion

Chronic lung disease may induce mismatch in ventilation and perfusion ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Women’s health is an important area to consider. Particularly, the critical stage in their life is the stage when they achieve the motherhood. Numerous care specialists investigated this specific stage so as to gain insights of clinical importance. In such context, the present description deals with a topic, Mammography-Literature review on Breast compression. Briefly, a breast compression refers to ‘breast flattening’ such that the adequate quantity of tissue could be visualized through imaging and tested, during a mammographic examination (Breast Compression,2015) Rationale: Breast compression, at the time of mammography, is one of the various fundamental technical approaches ...

I. General pathology information

A. Other Names

1. Urinary tract infection 2. Inflammatory disease of the kidney

B. Causes

1. Vesicoureteral reflux 2. Altered bladder function 3. Congenital urinary tract anomalies 4. Renal calculi C. Incidence rates 1. In females, annual rates for outpatient treatment are 12-13 cases per 10,000. 2. In females, annual rates for inpatient treatments are 3-4 cases per 10,000. 3. Among males, outpatient annual rates are 2-3 cases per 10,000. 4. Among males, inpatient annual rates are 1-2 cases per 10,000. 5. Incidences are highest among young women, followed by infants and the elderly. D. Signs ...

Introduction

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalent genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, with an incidence of 1 in 2500 births. CF is a disease that affects many organs including the upper and lower respiratory tracts, pancreas, intestines and reproductive system. Over the past 20 years, our understanding of the manifestation and management of the disease has progressed dramatically. CF was once considered a condition of childhood and there was very little expectation that children would enter adult life. However, CF has become a multisystem adult disease with the increased survival attributable to advancements in standardized treatment, introduction of ...

Brief information, risk factors and symptoms

Colon cancer, that is also known as colorectal, is a type of cancer that starts from rectum or colon. As any other type of cancer, colon cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growing cells of the body. This type of cancer usually starts with a polyp – a kind of growth on the inner lining of the rectum or colon. However, it is important to know that not all polyps change into cancer, though some of them might do it after several years. The chances that a polyp will become cancer after some, depends on the type of polyps. There are ...

Introduction

The Intussusception remains as the most common problem of bowel obstruction in children and infants which needs an immediate medical attention and could be resulting in severe morbidity in children when ignored (Jiang, Jiang, Parashar, Nguyen, Bines & Patel, 2013). The given case study focuses on the Intussusceptions faced by Jayadha, a 4 months old girl, and the given case study analyses the associated pathophysiology and nursing care plan for the child in order to ensure proper adherence to the evidence based practice. The essay will start with pathophysiology and then discuss the role of nurses in the effective use ...

Introduction

Research in lung cancer treatment can save lives and improve a patient’s quality of life. There are three main types of lung cancer: Non-small cell, small cell, and lung carcinoid cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer, such as Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma make up about 85% of all lung cancers (Molina, Yang, Cassivi, Schild, & Adjei, 2008). Both environmental and genetic factors are significant in the cause of lung cancer. Chronic exposure to carcinogens, ionizing radiation, and viral infections can lead to alterations of the DNA in tissue lining the bronchial epithelium of the lungs. Furthermore, ...

Chronic obstruction pulmonary disorders and treatment options

Chronic Obstruction Disorder disease (COPD) is one the most prevalent cause of morbidity across the globe. It is a curable and partially reversible problem which is manifested by an obstruction in air flow and impaired health status. The patients who have frequent attacks of COPD have worst condition along with acute episodes of symptom exacerbation. The objective of the treatment is to avoid the symptoms through controlling it by including the lung functioning and health status. COPD is linked with abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious gases or particles. Patients below the age of 35 are at ...

What are three major causes of chronic bronchitis?

The three major causes of chronic bronchitis are cigarette smoking, long time exposure to air pollutants (such as industrial or chemical fumes), and inhalation of toxic gasses (Madell, 2016).

What are the major pathologic airway changes are associated with chronic bronchitis?

Chronic bronchitis is the condition affecting human beings that cause a continuous irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tube. Bronchial tubes are airways that carry air to and from the lungs. Exposure to cigarette smoke, air pollutants, or toxic chemicals causes a persistent cough that leads to the formation of excessive amounts of sticky mucus in the airways that result in inflammation and fibrosis. The mucus blocks ...

Introduction

Pulmonary edema (PE) is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the parenchyma and air spaces of the lungs. Most often PE is associated with respiratory failure and impaired gas exchange. Globally, PE is known to be characterized by two major factors, the first is associated with the injury of the lung parenchyma which is termed as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The second is associated with the failure of the left ventricle of the heart to release blood from the pulmonary circulation within the system and is termed as cardiogenic pulmonary edema (Glaus, Schellenberg , and Lang. 2010). The major cause ...