Essays on Lung Cancer

The contemporary world has seen the exponential rise of cancer prevalence in the aging population to somewhat alarming levels. This segment consists of individuals aged 65 years and above and is the fastest growing age group in the United States. Recent statistics indicate that one in every eight people in America aged 65 years, and above develops cancer, with women accounting for 58% of all cancer cases (Browner, n.d.). Since cancer risk increases with advancing age, the elderly account for 56% and 70% of all new cancer diagnoses and mortalities in the country (Browner, n.d.). The cancer burden in ...

The tests required to assess the health of the soil and water are easy enough to implement and include in any investigation. It is however hard to find the environmental factors that had led to the pollutants in the soil and water. This is because unless the source of the contaminants is found directly, there must be some sort of conjecture as to what the source is. Therefore it is extremely difficult to pinpoint the causation in the case of environmental pollutants and even more difficult to find what factor is at fault. Fajersztajin noted that even if measurement ...

Introduction

The only proven strategy to fight any form of cancer is early detection based on evidence and researchers. Based on current evidence, low-dose computed tomography (CT) is highly recommended for patients with high risk for lung cancer. Many researchers state the potential advantages of CT screening in such patients over conventional screening methods. The American Cancer Society and American Lung Cancer Association, early detection and CT screening is one of the best and only proven methods to fight lung cancer across all age groups. In the US, Lung Cancer is the lead cause of cancer-associated death with an alarming ...

Some people claim that smoking is a personal choice that adults make and hence whether it affects them or not, it is up to them. Although this is true, smoking has many adverse effects on the smokers, the community, and the government. There is no doubt that cigarettes smoke contains harmful chemicals that affect the body. According to Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) (2013), smoking is the primary cause of many preventable illnesses and death. Ash noted that in the UK, about one hundred thousand people die annually as a result of diseases related to smoking. In the ...

In a modern world people are drowning in the large volumes of data. Thousands of papers and researches are being published every day to support or refute some kind of statement. Is smoking associated with lung cancer? Did educational reform increase the efficiency of education system? Is the new medicine a better way of illness treatment? All these kinds of questions are trying to be answered by statistical analysis which often includes flaws and fallacies. Some institutions manipulate the statistics intentionally, while others fail to provide society with a reliable result because of a poor knowledge of statistical techniques.

According to Andrew ...

People are unconsciously embracing slow and painful death every single day. This is evident from the thousands of people who smoke cigarettes on a daily basis despite being warned and reminded that smoking is harmful and it kills. According to a report prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC, currently, 42.1 million of American adults are smokers (Jamal et al.). Furthermore, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services states that smoke-related illnesses accounts for around 480, 000 deaths annually in the United States, which makes cigarette smoking as the number one cause of ...

Even though physician assistants constitute a minute part of the workforce involved in healthcare, their distinctive roles in this industry are expanding with a rapidly constant speed. It has always been my aspiration to become a refined and flexible professional in the world of medicine who is capable of functioning in several specialty areas and in various practice arrangements. However, I consider that my hard work and determination along with the acquirement of proper training and fundamental education are the key characteristics that would facilitate me in becoming a sophisticated physician assistant. At the same time, it needs to ...

The environment includes all non-living and living things that occur on earth naturally. Such things include weather, climate, and natural resources that influence economic activities and human survival. The environment is affected negatively by several issues that include pollution, diseases, earthquakes and floods. Now and then organizations preach on environmental conservation but very few pay attention. Many people do not consider themselves environmentalists.

There are several environmental effects that have occurred in different areas over the years. For example, Ebola in West Africa, that is an epidemic that has killed many people. The United States of America experienced ...

1.A. Penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics in structure. The remodeling process takes place in the bacterial cell walls due to the presence of a layer called peptidoglycan layer, which includes the breakdown of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and cross-linking peptide chains . Cross-linking peptide chains provide rigidity to the fluid cell wall. Transpeptidase, an enzyme used in the breaking of peptide chains also reforms the peptide bonds after the restructuring of the cell wall. The penicillin inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase, which prevents the peptide bonds from reforming. Thus, penicillin makes the cell walls weaker, which results ...

‘Thank you for Smoking’ is a satirical comedy drama movie based on Christopher`s Buckley`s novel of the same name. The movie is centered on the life experiences of Nick Naylor, a talented tobacco lobbyist and Vice President of a lobby group, ‘Academy of Tobacco’. The movie focuses on Nick`s experiences in his bid to defend cigarettes from being branded with a warning sign of a skull and crossbones labels on all packets. This anti-tobacco campaign is strongly levied by a congressman, Senator Finistirre, who introduces this bill to the Senate to legislate the branding of all cigarette packets with the ...

Quote ‘one man’s trash is another man’s treasure’ aptly suits Canada’s asbestos exports and its support for asbestos industry in developing countries. Canada is a country of ten provinces and three territories out of which only Quebec has asbestos mines. Quebec was the world’s first province to start a commercial mine in 1879 whose mines are still operational today. 97% of their production is exported to developing countries. Canadian citizens want asbestos banned due to its cancer causing factors but the government is dragging its feet on the policy. Within the country if closing these mines ...

Introduction

Smoking is universally accepted as one of the main problems affecting the modern society. This is a problem which does not come from nature. This is a problem which is created by us. Smoking is an activity which is voluntarily taken up by people of different ages, races, caste, creed and religion in full knowledge of its harmful effect. This not only affects the person who smokes but also indirectly affects the person nearby. Smoking is a source of an array of health hazards including cancer, respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects in a child. This ...

Question 1

Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control hypothesized that the salt intake of children is increasing their risk of developing hypertension, similar to that seen in adults (Park, 2012). The study included over six thousand children between the ages of eight and eighteen, a good sample size for statistical analysis. One potential drawback in the design of the study is that it only involved a detailed interview of the children and not an actual measurement of their daily salt intake. However, the results were clear. Children appear to be eating as much salt as an adult every day and the higher ...

In carrying out a patient assessment, important components such as patient health history and physical health should be examined using a holistic approach. A nurse would require information from the patient, friends and family, diagnostic tests and patient medical records (Jarvis, 2004). A comprehensive assessment should include a detailed survey of physical signs such as weight and height, an assessment of the patient’s body systems and organs. On the other hand, a priority assessment is a short evaluation, normally completed within 5 minutes, which gives an overall evaluation of the patient. However, a more in-depth assessment of the patient is required to make a diagnosis.

First Chart Case

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“Air toxics” is defined as “air pollution,” where pollution is an “undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities.” In addition, the EPA (2012, July 16) says pollutants include compounds that are known or suspected to cause serious health effects, which may include, but are not limited to, cancer, reproductive effects, or birth defects, and/or to cause harmful environmental effects. The pollutants may come from natural sources (such as radon gas rising from the ground) or from man-made sources (such as chemical compounds emitted by factory smokestacks ...

According to experts, feeding to satisfy our feelings is rated 75 percent, in that the meals we choose reflect our emotional state. It is also believed that responding to emotional feeding with positive mind, we can avoid temptation by 50 percent of the total duration. That explains why we should not eat to satisfy hunger but also to consider factors like hormonal changes, stress, and anger we face in life. Feelings are part of human make up and feeding in regard to them is taken to be normal. Emotional eaters are individuals who feed on large quantity of food ...

Darline Stvictor-Viau

Molloy College Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States today. While smoking is a significant risk factor, there are other causes of the disease. Second-hand smoke, exposure to radon gas and asbestos, and possibly other environmental contaminants act in conjunction with gender and ethnicity to result in a diagnosis of lung cancer. Numbers indicate that more non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer at this time than non-smokers due to development of the disease after cessation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly extend the life of the lung cancer patient while studies continue seeking ...

Secondhand Smoke

This paper focuses on the importance of knowledge, attitudes as well as avoidance behavior toward second-hand smoking. Further, this paper expounds on the hypotheses of tobacco-control policies implemented and majorly illuminating on college attending population. The paper points at the population in college because this is the stage or level in whic most people are carefree and end up trying a lot of things. Many students in college are exposed to tobacco due to availability or influence. While secondhand smoke exposure is potentially preventable, it remains a huge point of concern globally. Public health and environmental activists have joined hands ...

Prognostic Cancer Biomarkers

The genetic diversity associated with cancer cells are shocking huge; and identifying a suitable prognostic marker is a real challenge. Prognostic cancer markers aims to evaluate objectively a patient’s overall outcome, response to treatment and chances of cancer recurrence. Prognostic markers can also help to select patients for a particular treatments and help predict the beneficial effect of the therapy. DNA, RNA, epigenetic patterns, signaling pathways, proteins, and metabolic biomolecules have been used as prognostic cancer markers. (Mehta et al., 2010)

Given below are few prognostic biomarkers commonly used in cancer medicine:

1. Beta tubulin: Beta tubulin regulates microtubule assembly in the cell. Class III tubulin are expressed by tumor of both neuronal ...

Introduction

Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that 18 out of 100 US adults who are 18 years or older are currently smoking cigarettes. CDC states that an approximate 42.1 million American adults are cigarette smokers. According to last year’s report on Smoking of the Surgeon General, more than 3.5 million of middle school and high school students in the United States continue to smoke cigarettes. “The burden of smoking-attributable disease and premature death and its high costs to the nation will continue for decades unless smoking prevalence is reduced more rapidly than the ...

Smoking is a disgusting habit, which affects the health and wealth. For decades, governments have been trying to find ways to eradicate smoking. The hot debates on whether governments have the right to ban smoking cigarettes in public places or not still continue. Some people argue that everyone should make own choice whether to smoke or not. Personally, I think the government should be responsible for citizens' health care and outlaw smoking in public places. The most important reason for imposing restrictions is to prevent harm to human health, avoid discomfort among non-smokers and protect environment. It is a well-known ...

Ethics is the principle of conduct governing an individual or group. It is also a study of morality. Ethics is the discipline that examines the moral standards of a person or the moral standards of the community. Ethics asks whether those standards are applied to our life and whether they are reasonable or unreasonable. Business ethics is the specialized study of moral right or wrong that focuses on business institutions, activities and organizations. Business ethics is the study of moral standards and how they apply to social systems and organization through which modern societies are supplied with goods and services. Business ...

Introduction

Smoking ban refers to the prohibition of smoking as part of public policies for occupational safety and health regulations in office buildings and public places like bars, restaurants, city parks, college campuses and even public beaches. The rationale used for introducing smoking ban was to prevent second hand smoking. It has been estimated that the number of deaths caused by second hand smoking in USA is more than 42,000 people every year including infants (CDC #1, 2014). Since the implementation of this ban has made it a troublesome for smokers to smoke freely in places of their choice, many ...

English 103

Tobacco has a long history in the America since 600 to 900 A.D. It was used predominantly in medical purposes and the people on that time did not smoke every day (Healthliteracy.worlded.org). Today, smoking has become the major problem in the world since 1950s. According to the cross-section data obtained from 187 countries, nowadays there are more than 967 million of people, who smoke every day compared to 721 million in 1980s (BBC.com). It comprises about 1/10 population in the world and there are more than 480,000 deaths per year that are caused by smoking cigarettes in the United ...

Freudenheim, Van den Brandt, Colditz, Goldbohm, Harnack et al. (2005) hypothesized that alcohol consumption increases the risk of lung cancer. Smoking is known widely as the primary cause of cancer of the lungs but a lot remains unknown on the etiology of lung cancer. The study involved a pooled analysis of standardized covariate and exposure data from 7 different prospective studies comprising 3137 lung cancer cases and 399,767 participants. In terms of collection of information, the authors collected information by pooling cohorts, which were arrived at using the criteria of incident lung cancer cases, dietary assessment, a validation study of the ...

Lung cancer (also called – carcinoma of lungs) is a type of malignant tumor. It emerges from cells paving lungs and bronchi. Usually it takes years for this type of cancer to develop. But if a person gets this type of disease most likely other organs will be affected as well. Lung cancer is a really dangerous for a human, as it is hard to diagnose it and it might be too late to treat it. This disease contributes to the major part of deaths throughout the developed countries. Annually there are about 1 million cases of lung cancer around the world. In addition, ...

Introduction

Lung cancer has remained the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in United States. According to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), approximately 1.35 million new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed across the world each year. There are a wide number of risk factors associated with lung cancer. These are smoking, exposure to asbestos, silica exposure, and diesel exhaust. The most common cause is the exposure to tobacco smoke through either active or passive smoking. Males are at a higher risk of lung cancer than females, a ratio of 7.8 to 5.8 respectively. There are five ...

It’s a small world after all

Effects of globalization on health, poverty, human rights, and the environment in the U.S and Japan. Globalization has its effects on different aspects of a country. The major effect was seen in the health care system. The article enlightens and compares the various effects of globalization between United States of America (US) and Japan. Both are considered to be developed nations with emerging economy. However, there is a vast difference in the health and poverty system in these 2 countries. The US in early 60’s ranked 13th in terms of health in comparison to other wealthy nations. This ranking ...

Influence of Movies on Children

Literature Review Mass media comprised of specially the press, the radio, recorded music, as well as recorded movies. Out of all these, movies emerged as the greatest concern to education activists. This is because of their enormous attraction to children. The review sought to establish the nature of influence movies had on the children. Children’s movies can be influential teachers. This is because of their high degree of exposure to new places and culture (Rupprecht, 2011). Their influence over children ranges from telling stories, motivating children to act, educating children on various vices and virtues, and other ...

Smoking is the negative habit which can be caused by different reasons and can lead to undesirable and harmful consequences connected with person’s physical and/or psychological health problems. In most cases, psychological factors trigger people to start smoking. These factors can include such everyday issues as anxiety, malice, dissatisfaction with own life, depression and difficult problems which seem to be unsolvable. People, who have all above-mentioned troubles, try to escape from all vital pressures in tobacco and cigarettes. A desire to smoke in difficult situations is easy to explain. The main component of tobacco is nicotine which is ...

Aziz

Rated as 9.5 on IMDB and 99 by 5Metacritic, Breaking Bad is one of the most popular series Aired in history. The first episode Aired on January 20th, 2008 at 10PM in United States on AMC channel. Last episode was from the fifth series, and it aired on 29th September 2013(Hibberd, 2013). Whole series were produced in Albuquerque, New Mexico and consist of five seasons. The series have received award of highest rated series of all time by Genesis World Records. It has also received Sixteen Primetime Emmy Awards, Two Golden Globes, Eight Satellite awards and a People’s ...

Smoking cigarette may although appear as an attractive practice trying to captivate the interest of a lot of people particularly the youth, but is the practice actually that attractive to be allowed to play with the health of a person? Does smoking cigarette have no ill effects on the health of an individual? Surely is does have, rather a lot of them! The most adverse effect that a cigarette can have on an individual’s health is lung cancer, which if not treated within the right time period even possesses the power to become a fatal disease. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking share a very strong ...

English

New Jersey should continue to prohibit smoking in public places such as restaurants, clubs, bar and other public places. In fact, studies show that exposure to second-hand smoke can result to psychological distress that may lead to mental illness in healthy adults in the future. It has been proven that second-hand smoke has been associated to several somatic health results. In the study that was conducted in the country London, specifically in Glasgow and Edinburgh, the researchers discovered that there is connection between mental health and second-hand smoke exposure by measuring the using salivary cotinine level of a person (Nursing ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or else known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD, is a form of obstructive lung disease categorized by persistently reduced airflow and it is typical for this situation to get worse over the years. The key symptoms comprise of shortness of breath, cough, and mucus making . It is not uncommon for individuals with bronchitis to show symptoms of COPD . Smoking is considered one of the main factors in causing COPD along with other important causes including air pollution and genetics. Nowadays, and especially in Third World Countries, insufficient cooking and ways of heating are a key ...

Health Care

Health Care Expenditures Attributable to Smoking In the United States alone, there are about 440,000 individuals who die annually of smoking related diseases (Pubmed). According to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, recent studies linked cigarette smoking to a numerous other diseases to include abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, pneumonia, periodontitis, and stomach cancer. “These are in addition to diseases previously known to be caused by smoking, including bladder, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, oral, and throat cancers, chronic lung diseases, coronary heat and cardiovascular diseases, as well as reproductive ...

- History of tobacco smoking in America - The presence of tobacco in America dates back to the seventeenth century. Initially, tobacco was grown by poor farmers as a foundation crop. The demand was low and it was cheaper to acquire. However, subsequent wars increased the consumption of chewing tobacco, smoking pipes and cigars. Eventually, the market grew with the availability of slaves. Although slavery had existed long before tobacco was planted, the sudden increase in demand created an unexpected opportunity. The slave labor was incorporated into the tobacco labor force. Moreover, machine produced cigarettes reared its ugly head ...

The decrease in world’s petroleum and oil supply has led the nations to look for alternate sources of energy. As a result of this short-supply, unconventional gas reserves are gaining importance as alternative source of crude oil, where the unconventional gas reserves are estimated to contribute to 45% of the US gas production by the year 2035. Large-scale extraction of unconventional natural gas has resulted in the development of new and untested extraction technology such as hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, which is expected to develop rapidly in the next few decades near human settlements and pose a health hazard (Adgate, ...

The globe is facing a severe environmental crisis of its kind in this 21st century. The major environmental hazard that has shaken the world at the moment is air pollution. All over the world, everybody thinks that this crisis is most likely to affect or have a catastrophic impact on humans in the future. However, even nowadays, the negative impacts of this environmental crisis are evident in all forms. These impacts range from growing deserts due to lack of enough rainfall, increased cases of cancer, majorly lung cancer as a result of unclean fresh air and lastly the loss of numerous plant ...

Immunity Regulation in Natural Killer (NK) Cells

Introduction Research indicates that lung cancer forms a 24.5% of all the malignant tumors that can happen in the body of a human being. There have been efforts to find the treatment that would eliminate or reduce the spread of cancerous cells to no avail. The procedures that remain as viable options could include surgical resection, which only works to prolong the life of a victim of lung cancer. The natural killer cells can be an option in fighting the spread of cancerous cells. They are nonspecific killer cells, which denotes to their being able to fight all kinds of harmful ...

1

Essay on “Smoking is not bad”

“Cigarette smoking is injurious to health. It causes cancer.” This tagline is perhaps the most common tagline attached with an advertisement before a film at a theater, or a plain cigarette advertisement on the TV. It is indeed true; tobacco is extremely harmful to anybody who partakes it. The ingredients of tobacco are carcinogenic, and cause lung cancer or oral cancer. Smoking has innumerable disadvantages attached with it; it causes a change in the structure of blood vessels. This in turn leads to building up of plaque, and hardens the blood vessels. Hardening of blood vessels is called atherosclerosis. This disease may ...

Introduction

Attention Statement: According to Center of Disease Control, the habit of smoking results to an average of more than 400000 deaths in a year. Importance: Smoking is a bad habit that leads people to an addiction problem. Smoking tobacco is not only expensive because one has to keep buy cigarettes over and over but also can be harmful to an individual’s health (Smokefree.gov). People choose to smoke as a way of numbing pain or to feel part of the society.

Thesis: This paper will argue that smoking cause health problems and smokers spend more than $2000 a year.

Preview of the main points: Smoking has resulted to high mortality rate and that it causes serious health problems such ...

Cannabis is a naturally-occurring substance that originates from the plant Cannabis sativa. The active compound in cannabis is the Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that has a mind-altering effect upon its use (Haerens, 28). As a result of its popularity across the world, cannabis has got many names such as weed, marijuana, and bhang. It is one of the leading illegal drugs that are highly consumed across the world. Use of cannabis has different effects on the human body that range from physiological to psychological. However, the main effects that its users pursue are the mental or psychological effects of the drug. Depending on ...

- Apparently, pollution has been a topic that requires lots of attention during the past and predominantly the present time. This topic had been a phenomenon, beginning at the time when the relationship between human beings and the environment became apparent. Pollution became rampant the time when human beings begun destroying the environment with no regards to the aftermath effects like pollution. In this way, the pollution problem developed and became a huge issue of concern. With developments and innovations, people began depending on machines a fact that made the issue of pollution more sophisticated. - Owing the gradual development of pollution ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Since its discovery, cancer in its many forms has been a continuous plague on humanity. There is no cure, and the known treatments are often unsuccessful or too damaging to the patient to be considered for long-term use. Currently, radiation and chemotherapy are used most often, though there is scientific consideration being put toward genetic engineering for use in the future. Presently, however, the scientific community and the population at large wonder if other, herbal remedies might be of service to those suffering from cancer. Now that medicinal cannabis, as well as recreational cannabis, has been legalized in several states, ...

Biology

Introduction Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Natural killer cells play a critical role in immunotherapy for cancer patients. The natural killer or NK cells play a crucial role in cancer patients and developing an understanding of the mechanisms through which their activity is inhibited or enhanced in the case of cancer patients, shall contribute a great deal in finding the most suitable and effective treatment of cancer patients and also enhance their life. The present research paper is restricted to the study of cell mechanisms involving NK cells and their inhibitor and activators in the case of patients ...

Many diseases that inflict men are life threatening. Cancer is one of those fatal diseases. Cancer is basically a general name that is given to the whole group of diseases that have one thing in common: abnormal cell growth. The causes of this disease cannot be traced to a single factor because many factors contribute to its birth.Its effects are explained by the rapid spread of abnormal cells and the way they pile up upon each other. This paper attempts to discuss the causes and effects of cancer. Firstly, some things have been given the name of carcinogens. Carcinogens refer ...

Question 1: Suncal's primary (market) stakeholders are their shareholders, their employees, vendors and potential home buyers and below market renters. The shareholders benefit from revenues which show up as dividends, The employees benefit from the company’s ability to generate income, and its vendors in turn benefit from a continued source of sales revenue, but also, potential Suncal home buyers, and below market renters. Secondary or non-market stakeholders include The Disney Resort Group. Although The Disney Resort Group “Disney” is not involved in direct monetary exchanges with Suncal, they, as well as residents in the city of Anaheim could ...

"Breaking Bad" is an American television series that was created by Vince Gilligan. This show is telling us the story about the chemistry teacher. After he found out that he has lung cancer, he began to manufacture methamphetamine in order to secure the future of his family. First of all, I would like to specify one point about this series. "Breaking bad" is not just a story and a tragedy of a patient who has cancer. Moreover, this is not just the chronicle that describes the emergence of a dangerous drug baron. Fable is not important. The important thing is what stands ...

Description of Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a progressive illness due to which the sufferer is not able to breathe easily. In this connection, progressive means that this disease worsens with the passage of time. In COPD, the patient’s coughing produces mucus in large amounts, puffiness, breath shortness, tightness of chest, and similar other symptoms (Currie, 2011). There are two major conditions in COPD i.e. chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Emphysema refers to the condition whereby damage of the walls between several air sacs occurs. Consequently, the air sacs become flaccid due to the shape loss. Such damage also ...

"Breaking Bad" is an American television series that was created by Vince Gilligan. This show is telling us the story about the chemistry teacher. After he found out that he has lung cancer, he began to manufacture methamphetamine in order to secure the future of his family. First of all, I would like to specify one point about this series. "Breaking bad" is not just a story and a tragedy of a patient who has cancer. Moreover, this is not just the chronicle that describes the emergence of a dangerous drug baron. Fable is not important. The important thing is what stands ...

Lung Cancer in Canada

Lung Cancer in Canada

Problem Identification

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Canada, not counting non-melanoma skin cancers. Lung cancer is also the most common cause of death in Canada for both men and women. Particularly high rates are seen in the elderly, especially those over the age of 75. While Canada’s system of socialized medicine is applauded as a model for other countries struggling to establish government subsidized healthcare, there are also problems in Canada’s system. In a socialized medicine system, cost is always a factor, and there are rarely as many services as needed not are there ...

Overview

United States has experienced an increase in prevalence and incidence of cancer among its citizens over the last few decades. According to American Cancer Society (2014), cancer refers to a group of diseases that present with uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer emerges due to several factors which include; smoking of tobacco, exposure to chemicals and radiation, hormones, and inherited mutations (American Cancer Society, 2014). Even though there are many causes of cancer, the disease can be prevented. For instance, avoiding smoking and minimizing exposure to chemicals and radiation by observing safety precautions can greatly help reduce chances ...

Literature Matrix

References

Breghmans, T., Tragas, G., & Sculier, J.P. (2002). Age and treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a database analysis in elderly patients. Support Care Cancer (2002) 10:619–623. Cataldo, J., Dubey, S., & Prochaska, J. (2010). Smoking Cessation: An Integral Part of Lung Cancer Treatment. Oncology 2010; 78: 289–30. Hirashima T, Suzuki H, Okamoto N, Morishita N, Yamadori T, Tamiya M, Shiroyama T, Kurata K, Kawase I. (2014). Important factors for achieving survival of five years or more in non-small cell lung cancer patients with distant metastasis. PubMed, 2014 Jul;8(1):327-334. Epub 2014 Apr 30. ...

[Replace with Student Name] [Replace with Institution] Advertisements had been an effective marketing tool used by businesses to increase market share and encourage consumers to buy their product and services. However, this is not the sole purpose of ads. In fact, over the years several advertisements had been used for information dissemination particularly geared to create social awareness. Anti-smoking campaigns lobbied by health experts and civic organizations had been very creative at trying to persuade smokers to quit smoking. This essay will evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-smoking advertisements in the way they present their arguments. At ...

As a nurse, understanding health education helps one to solve many medical challenges facing patients. Unless people understand key concepts about their health, it is, however, the role of nurses and other stakeholders in the health care sector to ensure that people understand these concepts.

Part 1

In my nursing experience, I had the opportunity to interact with a patient who was suffering from lung cancer. The patient who was a chain smoker believed that death is inevitable, and his fate was already predetermined long before he started suffering from lung cancer. He did not believe that his smoking habit has resulted to lung ...

Smoking is one of the most disgusting habits all over the world. Undoubtedly, it leads to dangerous health diseases and risks such as high blood pressure and lung cancer. Today, everyone knows that cigarettes can kill, however people start and continue to smoke. Often people begin smoking as teens. It is a way to protest against parents or to be like their friends. In addition, the influence of advertisement cannot be underestimated. Adults smoke to cope with stress and feel relaxed. The danger lies in the fact that the negative consequences from smoking affect non-smokers. For decades, governments have been ...

Learning is a process that varies with time, age and environment. As a young child there are many things that one can learn from the elder members of the society, many people have had the misconception that learning only takes place in the school set up but this is just one of the learning environment. The family environment is the first environment a child is introduced to, which becomes the first learning environment. Lessons learnt in the childhood period play a key role in the development of a child; one grows with these lessons even into adulthood. Lessons learnt in the childhood period form ...

Introduction

There are a number of reasons that suggest people to choose vegetarianism. These reasons are mainly related to health, morality and environment, but there are several other reasons that argue in favor of vegetarianism. A huge number of people, on the other hand, do not accept that vegetarianism is the best food. This paper intends to discuss the vegetarianism and its health, moral and environmental benefits, along with discussing other aspects and benefits of the area under discussion.

Background

Traditionally, people believed that a vegetarian diets are low in nutrition and cannot supply the required amount of nutrition to the human body. ...

It is no secret that smoking tobacco seriously harms your health. Although there are fewer smokers since the release of the landmark publication about the negative health effects of tobacco use in Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States (1964) many people still continue to smoke. Why? People who smoke want to smoke and really do not care about the dangers to their health or to others through second-hand smoke. The pleasures of smoking far outweigh the risks for smokers. The futility of making all present and future smokers quit ...

There are many reasons why people smoke. These reasons differ from smoker to smoker. For example, some people smoke to feel relaxed, to be cool or socially integrated. But there are many compelling reasons why people should quit smoking. Tobacco is a kind of legal drug. One cigarette contains 4,000 toxic chemicals such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, tar, arsenic, cadmium, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanides, benzene and others. The most addictive and destructive is nicotine. It strengthens the desire to continue smoking. Some people mistakenly believe that to smoke a few cigarettes a day is harmless. However, no amount of smoking is safe. ...