Essays on Breast Cancer

Abstract

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that involves the use of a high energy radiation, and mostly used in the treatment of cancer. The method can also be used in the treatment of non-cancerous begin, tumour, thyroid diseases, as well as other blood disorders. In the process of the treatment of breast cancer, there are several automated tools or equipment required for the success of treatment. For instance, computers are used in performing automated medical tasks such as radiology systems, bibliography retrieval, and patient-monitoring in the process of treatment.

Introduction

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that involves the use of a ...

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Abstract

This paper reviews the effects of effects of breast cancer at a later stage among women living in the United States of America and its relation to factors such as ethnicity, race, geographic location, and availability of insurance, access to medical test facilities, and course of treatments, lifestyle and socio-economic factors and so on. A special focus has been laid on the racial and ethnic discrimination among women affected with breast cancer in regards to the surgical treatments being offered in health facilities in the United States of America. Many authors ...

There is a strong association between alcohol consumption and development of cancer. Data from 2009 suggested that alcohol consumption was responsible for approximately 3.5% of all cancer deaths in the US (Nelson et al., 2013). In addition, alcohol-associated cancers were responsible for 17.0 to 19.1 years of potential life lost for each death (Nelson et al., 2013). The chances of developing alcohol-related cancer are higher among persons with higher regular alcohol intake over time. Alcoholism might influence the development of cancer depending on the quantity of alcohol consumed and duration of that consumption. The risk of developing alcohol-related cancer ...

1.Identify three uses for a frequency distribution. Epidemiologists use a variety of methods to summarize data. One fundamental method is the frequency distribution. The frequency distribution is a table, which displays how many people fall into each category of a variable such as age, income level, or disease status. Epidemiologists examine factors/variables that are predictors for health outcomes; they also observe patterns of distribution of illness, disability and health-related outcomes (Woodward 10). Among values in statistical data, there may be a presence of repetition within the data set; this is referred to as the frequency of that variable. The ...

Before talking about public awareness campaign on ovarian cancer and how badly it is needed, let’s clarify what ovarian cancer is. As American Cancer Society explains “ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries that are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs for reproduction. They are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus in the pelvis” ("What Is Ovarian Cancer?"). One should understand that there are several types of cancer that develop from cells of the ovary and are considered to be ...

Interviewee’s experience as a patient

Illness can have a devastating effect on a patient in regards to the financial, social, spiritual and emotional sphere (Toombs, 2013). It is a complex phenomenon which can be described as a battlefield for patients since they are fighting for their dear life. This can be an overwhelming experience not only for the patient, but also for the family members, caregivers and to some extend religious leaders. As such, this experience can affect how patients live a normal life during and after treatment since they have to seek medical attention, be away from work, family and adapt a new ...

Improving Female Preventive Health Care Delivery

Improving Female Preventive Health Care Delivery Screening programs for women aim to prevent disease such as cervical and breast cancer. However, such programs are only effective in bringing down the incidence of disease when utilized by the majority of women, most especially those from vulnerable subgroups. Program implementation must therefore consider effective strategies to promote utilization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that led to the failure of the Every Woman Matters program and compare with the factors that made two other prevention programs for women successful.

The Every Woman Matters (EWM) program is a ...

Experiential learning is the type of learning where the students acquire new knowledge through experience. According to the Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, the experience involves translation of experience through reflection to concepts. This period helps to gain much knowledge during experiential learning since it guides a student into selecting the best activity as they “get their hands dirty”. During the experiential learning, I volunteered to the American Cancer Society. Cancer is a health problem to many people in America. The foundation of the American Cancer Society in 1913 was aiming at reducing the disease among the people. It ...

Business Law

Susan G. Komen for the cure, a leading charity for breast cancer has decided to terminate its association with the Planned Parenthood federation of America. The news has created brouhaha in the United States as Planned Parenthood is the biggest reproductive health service provider of the America. People from all over the America are protesting against this decision and want Komen to take the decision back. Women are aggrieved because this step would affect the breast cancer education, research and abortion facilities. People are flabbergasted about this step and one reason that has been quoted by the organization is a ...

Article review of MRI utilization in Newly diagnosed Breast cancer: a survey of practicing surgeons

In this article, Parker, Schroen and Brenin present the findings of a study they conducted on breast surgeons to determine the practice beliefs which surround the use of MRI in newly diagnosed breast cancer. They state that even though there are guidelines which support the use of MRI in high risk screening, there no guidelines to facilitate the use of MRI in newly diagnosed cancer. They state that breast MRI can identify a disease which is not seen under normal diagnosis procedures such as mammography, frequently leading to a change in surgical therapy. Accordingly, the optimal utility for breast MRI in a group ...

Many animal rights advocates have been campaigning against the use of animals for scientific research and studies. One of these advocate groups is People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or more popularly known as PETA. In their official website, PETA.org, the group calls animal testing as “bad science” and claims that “more than 100 million animals every year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests as well as in biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments at universities.” As part of the campaign, the group ...

In the given case the nurse should ask the following questions in addition to the ones already asked, regarding the pain. If the pain radiates to any other organ, if there is any relation between the pain and the menstrual cycle of the patient? If the pain increases before or during the menses, if there is any family history of such pains, especially in the maternal side, if anyone in the family has a history of breast cancer, or if she is pregnant or not.

Some of the important causes of breast pain which should be borne in the ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is a genetic disorder so common that it has claimed the lives of many women all over the world with statistics showing that it’s concentrated on the age of 45 - 55 years. Breast cancer, along with the other category of this disease is the product of the occurrence of a metastasized tumor. Neoplasm forms when genes are expressed abnormally such that the natural outcome of somatic cells is associated. Mutation, deletion and amplification of genes that control cellular growth and differentiation also cause the formation of a neoplasm. Thus, it is very critical to understand the genetic components ...

Cancers of the reproductive system are life threatening and induce much suffering in patients. Women who receive screening services can reduce their chances of developing these cancers. Women who undergo screening can also benefit from early diagnosis and treatment that result in a better prognosis. However, not all cancer prevention programs targeting women are successful of which the Every Woman Matters Program is an example. Of those that are successful, there are common elements contributing to the increased service utilization of women targeted by these screening services.

The Every Woman Matters Program

The Every Woman Matters program is funded by the federal government but managed ...

Introduction

Information or data regarding any subject plays an effective role in daily routine. Similarly, for the purpose of treatment and medication in the parameters of healthcare, there is certain clinical information use to be collected in order to encourage the treatment known as Secondary Healthcare Data (Health & Social Care Information Centre). According to Price Waterhouse Coopers, by the appropriate use of data in terms of secondary purposes, would be the most effective method regarding improving healthcare costs and outcomes (Coopers). The efficiency of secondary data can be observed in different dimensions such as in keeping ...

The assessment of risk for a project of fundraising for Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation charity is best identified by SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a method applied for managing areas of risk and planning, as well as highlight areas within the project, which can be maximized for the benefit of the entire project. SWOT can also be used in specific areas in which competitive advantage can be gained.

SWOT is an important planning tool that assists anchor fundraising project in its context through highlighting risks. For example, competition from rival firms, resource shortages, as well as identifying or recognizing the ...

National health care should never be sidelined by other national factors. Every individual is entitled to receive better health care services. Eradication of diseases helps in the general well-being increasing the longevity of their lives. Many organizations have come in place to stipulate laws that will help in the improvement of national health. For instance, World Health Organization, National Business Coalition on Health (NBCH) and the insurance bodies who provide insurance to the individuals to help them cover the medical bills, they are the bodies that participate so much in the health sector (Cichon, Michael 98).

According to ...

Mental illness; SAMHSA and the ad council launch national campaign to raise awareness about mental health problems in Hispanic/Latino communities. (2010). Marketing Weekly News, 395.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, SAMHSA announced the launch of the campaign that was aimed ate enlightening the public on the issues pertaining to mental health. In collaboration with the Advertising Council, SAMHSA aimed at using the campaign to promote the process of recovery from mental health and its related ailments. The campaign target was the Latino/Hispanic community, especially the adults. The culturally targeted activity sought to motivate a number of ...

The human population has had lengthy struggles trying to understand cancer. It has baffled many as it represents itself in numerous forms, and its features are exceedingly varied. Cancer requires specialist aggressive prognoses, innovative approach to its management, and early and fast response to it treatment. All these have dire economic implications to patients and their families. It is possible that a single type of cancer may behave entirely different in two patients presenting the likelihood of two types of diseases (Mukheerjee, 2010, p.1). There is no uniform theory regarding cancer that gives the common characteristics of various types of ...

Breast cancer is inevitable and it is the most common cancer next to skin cancer. According to statistics, 1 out of 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will have an approximate 240,000 new cases of diagnosis related to breast cancer in the United States .

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

No study have proven the direct cause of having a breast cancer, however, there are numerous risk factor identified related to the disease. Among the risk factors of breast cancer include age, gender and heredity. As women age, the risk of having breast cancer increases. ...

For a female undergoing treatment for breast cancer, maintaining a healthy breast cancer diet is paramount. This is because during this time, the body works hard in fighting the illness as well as repairing healthy cells that could be have been damaged by radiation treatments and chemotherapy. As such, good nutrition keeps a woman strong, helps the body in rebuilding tissue and helps the body in dealing with the treatment’s side effects. It is important that a woman with breast cancer eat a variety of foods.

These include fruits, breads and grains, vegetables and dairy products. High-protein foods such as fish, chicken or beans ...

Introduction Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are defined as infections that occur mainly when a patient is catheterized and germs invade the blood steam via the catheter that is placed in a large vein to ensure the patient gets the necessary fluids, medication or even blood and speedy medical tests in some cases(vdh.virginia.gov). The severity of the infection depend on various factors, like hospitalization length and catheter-related factors, among many others (vdh.virginia.gov).

According to the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, a Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, about 18,000 ICU patients experienced CLABSIs and another 23,000 patients ...

1. Personal perspective of the future of epidemiological research

Epidemiology is a wide and diverse field that requires a researcher to narrow down to one of the several paths. My perspective of the future epidemiological research has to do with medical research. There are several emerging infectious and noninfectious disease that continue to threaten the very existence of the human race. Of particular interest, the so called lifestyle disease such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes, obesity and many others, have an immense impact on the quality of human life due to the fact that many reports indicate that the prevalence of these diseases (once thought to be diseases of old ...

Diagnostic Tools

Mammography is a diagnostic test used for examining breasts with low-energy X-rays to detect breast cancer early. The mammogram uses ionizing radiation and creates images, which are then analyzed by radiologists to detect abnormal tissue growth. If a woman tests positive for breast cancer, the image will display microcalcifications or characteristic masses. However, the effectiveness of mammography is often disputed through clinical trials.

According to Gøtzsche and Nielsen (2009), the application of mammography reduces breast cancer mortality by 15 percent, but it also results in 30 percent increases in overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The sensitivity of mammographic readings has not been ...

Moon and Bates (1993) developed an approach of measuring the competitor performance. They came up with four main stages of analysis commonly referred to as the CORE analysis. CORE is an acronym name which refers to context, overview, ratios and evaluation. The strategic management accounting plays a very significant role in providing financial information about the main sources of gaining competitive advantage of a company. It involves two main aspects. The computation of the key internal financial ratios of the company is the first main issue. The second issue involves assessment of the external information that may pose a threat to the ...

A black lesbian woman who was diagnosed with cancer in her breast wrote this article. She had to have an operation to remove the cancerous tumors in her breast. Weeks of great fear and worry of what would become of her became her source of strength to speak out. For years, she was silent about her sexuality and convictions in life. Her greatest fears were rejection, judgment and the challenges that accompany the truth. She thought that once she spoke up people would judge her based on her color, gender, and sexuality. However, the few weeks of agony and ...

One of the major quality improvement goals is to improve the nation’s ability to prepare for, prevent, respond to and even recover from a major health incident. This goal is currently based on a set of national priorities set out by the National Health Security of the United States of America (NHSS). The NHSS targets at building community resilience as well as strengthen and sustain emergency health systems (healthypeople.gov). The NHSS has identified several objectives to improve preparedness in the offering of health services. These are development and maintenance of a workforce that can respond to national health security (Barr, 23). ...

Introduction

Quality of life and functioning relates to fulfillment of low level demands for life as outlined in Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs theory. It is the ability to acquire and enjoy fresh air as well as breathe efficiently. Also, it is to articulate one’s existence into self-actualization, which is the peak of successful living (Maslow, 1954 ). Therefore, in discussing this case study regarding the quality of life to be envisioned by a community health nurse for this distressed family it is imperative that strategies be designed to intervene for total well-being of all involved in Mrs. Thomas’ ...

Before embarking on a research topic, it is always important that the researcher determines the bets research design and methods to apply in their research. This determination is guided by the purpose of the study and he variables that are under consideration. In this case, the life of separation is at as to whether the research should adopt a qualitative approach or a quantitative approach (Yilmaz, 2013). Those researches that adopt qualitative approaches have their focus on understanding a particular phenomenon by collecting and analyzing evidence from the populations of target. Quantitative studies are more specific and focus on determining the patterns as ...

Introduction

Cancer is a huge problem of all mankind. We know that this is the second disease after cardiovascular diseases in terms of mortality. Currently, a lot of research is conducted to understand the reasons for which there is a cancer, find a cure and to develop methods of prevention. Nevertheless, the problem of cancer has been and remains a priority for the medical community. In developed countries, there is a tendency to reduce the increase in the incidence and mortality from cancer. The main increase in deaths from the disease occurs in developing countries. There are more than 100 types of cancer that can ...

Prognostic Cancer Biomarkers

The genetic diversity associated with cancer cells are shocking huge; and identifying a suitable prognostic marker is a real challenge. Prognostic cancer markers aims to evaluate objectively a patient’s overall outcome, response to treatment and chances of cancer recurrence. Prognostic markers can also help to select patients for a particular treatments and help predict the beneficial effect of the therapy. DNA, RNA, epigenetic patterns, signaling pathways, proteins, and metabolic biomolecules have been used as prognostic cancer markers. (Mehta et al., 2010)

Given below are few prognostic biomarkers commonly used in cancer medicine:

1. Beta tubulin: Beta tubulin regulates microtubule assembly in the cell. Class III tubulin are expressed by tumor of both neuronal ...

abstract The purpose of this article is to make a critical evaluation on the article that deals with the needs of men with prostate cancer to demonstrate their ability to integrate and apply knowledge in relation to critically evaluating published research studies as a foundation for making evidence-based practice decisions. The article will explain the role of nurses in caring for patients with prostate cancer and how to deal with the psychosocial support from the patient’s family members and friends. It will also deal with the educational needs of men diagnosed with prostate cancer and how to provide the ...

Persons with genetic disposition to cancer are likely to have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes that are likely to greatly increase the risk of such persons developing ovarian and/or ovarian cancer. In a normal person, the BRCA1 gene facilitates the making of a protein that is responsible to the suppression of tumor. The tumor suppressor proteins assist in preventing cells from increasing and dividing too quickly. Within the nucleus of normal cells, the BRCA1 gene interacts with other proteins to repair breaks in the DNA. The breaks in the DNA are usually caused by medical and natural radiations as well ...

Application of Transtheoretical Model vs. Health Belief Model

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Introduction

Recently many research strategies have developed to identify the most efficient methods to achieve healthier outcomes. An accurate combination of personal behavior and health improvement has proffered the novel approaches to behavioral and medical experts. The outcomes of such intervention studies have provided potent insights in various chronic and infectious diseases and many theories that gained high appreciation are designed to define the scope of nursing practices. Currently, many conceptual models are applied in health promotion and education (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008). The essay aims to ...

Introduction

The participation of girls in athletics tapers off as they transition into teenage hood and as they become young women. The rate at which female teens stop participating in athletics is much higher as compared to male teens. TrueSport (2014) reported that the number of female high school athletes is about 17 times greater than that of female athletes in colleges. This shows a great decline in young girls’ participation in athletics during adolescence. Women’s Sports Foundation (2011) found out that by the age of seven, the number of girls who have quit athletics and sports generally far surpasses ...

You will not get wrinkles if you regularly do yoga exercises. This statement or useful advice you may have heard from many yogis or your yoga instructor. In fact, this statement is true as yoga increases the stretching ability of your muscles and your body becomes more elastic and beautiful, as well. Yoga is the only exercise that not only shapes up your body, but also cures many diseases. In yoga, you will find many “asana or yoga poses” that stimulate our internal organs,and they perform their function in much better way. Like “tritone asana” that stimulate ...

English 1110

Life-saving and postponing a patient’s death is a doctor’s main obligation and, undoubtedly, in most cases, the decisions that doctors make definitely make a difference to the outcome of a patient’s condition. Upon graduation, each doctor takes the Hippocratic Oath, which states that a doctor’s role is to practice medicine with honesty, give no deadly medicine, and use their best ability and judgment, when treating a patient, among others. However, there are times when a doctor is unable to help save a patient’s life resulting in the death of the patient. Doctors should not be blamed for failing to save patients’ lives, ...

The topic on alcohol consumption, its benefits and dangers has remained a controversial issue that has attracted arguments from a diverse perspective. Alcohol, generally, is viewed in different perspectives and its consumers usually have a genuine and probably a practical reason to do it. Therefore, it is important to consider both sides of the argument on alcohol consumption in order to develop a clear insight into the matter. This research paper presents an argumentative essay on an interview conducted to three people in order to seek their opinion and perception on alcohol consumption. Each interview response is introducedby a thesis statement that is validated through ...

Cancer is a term used to define a class of various diseases that entail irregular cell growth resulting in some forms of malignant tumors. When the malignant cells form in one part of the body, they affect the neighboring cells although the diseases can affect tissues far from the place that the cancerous tumor has developed. Recently, cases of cancers have been on the rise, and the reasons behind this could be pollution of the environments, lack of exercises, poor dietary habits, and consumption of carcinogenic substances. Cancer comes in various forms, and if detected early enough most of them are ...

Introduction

Most of the world’s chronic diseases are preventable by long term dietary behavior. Out of the ten major causes of deaths for Americans, diet is a contributing factor to at least five of them. These diseases are such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. A report by the Joint World Health Organization on diet made in 2003 revealed that, most of the world’s chronic diseases can be prevented by regular physical exercise and maintenance of a healthy weight. This finding is valid up to date. According to this report, a person’s genome determined their susceptibility to disease while external ...

Technological innovation in the present times has been the talk of the day cutting across all the fields concerning humankind. Technology, particularly in the medical field has proved to be very crucial in the refinement of health practices. The new technology is making challenging disease less and less of a threat. “Scentsory DiagNose” is a medical technology that makes use of microsensors. Microsensors are tiny electronic gadgets that are capable of identifying bodily, or biomedical signals by use of scent that can later be analyzed on a computer. The results can in turn be used to get health solutions on a number ...

Abstract

One of the most controversial issues ever over time is abortion and whether women have the right to have one or not. The debate has become even more intense after the Roe v. Wade court case. Opposing viewpoint collide, based on one’s religion, morals and political affiliations, among others. To answer the perpetual dilemma ‘to have an abortion or not’ is always difficult and subjective. However, introducing the health problems deriving from having an abortion is a more objective approach, given that projected medical-related problems are based on solid evidence and facts. This paper discusses the possible reasons why a ...

Introduction

Women as caregivers is a significant issue because it has been hypothesized by many scholars that the stress associated with multiple roles can be conducive to physical and mental health problems. However, this is a controversial topic because they are some experts who contend that benefits are gained with this additional responsibility. There appears to be a myriad of literature that places emphasis on the stress of women engaging in multiple roles. Women have always been considered responsible for domestic chores. parenting and in some instances caring for elderly parents. A few decades ago women were not required to work outside ...

Hormone replacement therapy can be simply defined as all the medications that contain female hormones for the replacement of those hormones that a female body does not manufacture after menopause. This therapy is a standard treatment to cure menopause symptoms. Although there are some benefits related with HRT, a majority of doctors are less likely to recommend this therapy as the concerns associated with it are much hazardous (especially for elder women). On the other hand, it could prove as a better option for certain women who have low risk factors (Cabot, 1995).

Risks of Hormone Therapy

At the same time as Hormone Replacement Therapy helps a majority ...

Pregnancy Is Treated as a Disease in Today’s Society, in Canada

Pregnancy is considered as a natural phenomenon. Whereas some people believe that pregnancy is a disease and it has to be treated before giving birth to a child (McKay, 2006). Pregnancy is a God gifted thing and nobody can interrupt this system. Although there might be some diseases attached with the pregnancy, but considering pregnancy as a disease itself is wrong. Diabetes and hypertension are commonly known complaints of pregnant women in Canada. The reason for this is not pregnancy, but the excessive weight gain, breast cancer and HIV during the pregnancy (Tata, et. al. 2005).

Problem statement: To study and analyze the Canadian pregnancy treatment.

The significance of the study: The main purpose ...

Breast cancer can be referred to as a cancer type that originates from breast tissue, mostly from the milk ducts’ inner lining or the lobules, which supply the ducts with milk (Sariego, 2010). Cancers arising from ducts are called ductal carcinomas, as those from lobules are called lobular carcinomas. Breast cancer affects humans, as well as other mammals. Breast cancer also affects in men. Breast cancer occurs due to an environmental factor’s interaction with a host that is genetically susceptible. Normal cells undergo division as many times as required and stop. They get attached to other cells where they ...

The National Football League (NFL) is an American football league made of one of the major professional sports leagues in North America. The league constitutes of 32 teams which are equally divided between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The league has its highest professional level running for a 17 weeks season. The league consists of various forms of competition with winners of different competitions are awarded accordingly. Six of the 32 teams; where four are from division winners and two from wild-card teams, compete in playoffs to win a Super Bowl, which is played between ...

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees] [Institutional Affiliation(s)] [Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.] Breast cancer is one of the deadliest cancer prevalent in the modern world. According to the Journal of national Comprehensive Cancer Network, the author Therese B. Bevers, (2009) clearly states that Women in the United States have an increased risk of breast cancer. The incidents and the mortality due to breast cancer has also drastically increased in past decade. Thus considering all above statistics, it is very clear that breast cancer is a grave disease. However, ...

INTRODUCTION

Ovarian cancer has a prevalence rate of around 3% among all the cancers seen in women all over the world. Most of the ovarian tumors are non malignant or non cancerous. The tumors which are cancerous or have low malignant potential can prove to be life threatening due their spread to various sites within the body. The different categories of ovarian cancer are as follows: a) Epithelial ovarian tumor b) Ovarian germ cell tumor c) Ovarian stromal tumor - Epithelial ovarian tumor: They can be either malignant or low malignant potential tumor. The tumors with low malignant potential are less threatening ...

- Cell Culture and Cell Lines: Three breast cancer cell lines: CAL120, EVSAT and MDA-MB-231, were cultured individually, in RRMI 1640 supplemented with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 100U/ml Penicillin, 100U/ml Streptomycin and L-Glutamine. The cells were cultured and maintained in an incubator at 370C supplied with 5% CO2. For subsequent experiments, the cells were further cultured till confluence, in 6 well and 96 well plates using RPMI+20%FBS. 1.2 Treatment of Cells: For treatment, 1x106 cells were seeded in 6 well culture plates, and incubated for 24 hrs. After 24 hours, the old media ...

Nursing

Health Benefits of Low-Income Hispanic Women: A Disparity in Mammogram Use Introduction Breast cancer is among the deadliest and common forms of cancer that occurs among women. The manner of detecting the presence of such cancer is through a mammogram test, which is considered as fundamental medical screening procedure often included in healthcare coverage. Despite the legislative guidelines concerning the coverage of the said procedure in healthcare plans, disparities still emerge as a real problem that mostly Hispanic women are facing. The barriers to mammography screening include low income, lack of access to available facilities, cultural and language difference, ...

According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is a malignant tumour originating from the cells of the breast. The cancerous cells usually multiply and invade other tissues surrounding the breast. Majority of the malignant tumours start in the cells lining the lobules or those lining the ducts. The tumours cause lumps in the breast. Breast cancer is most common in women. However, men too are prone to the disease. Breast cancer present with the following symptoms: lumps in the breast or armpit, painful breast, abnormal nipple discharge, and change in nipple size among others. Factors that increase one’ ...

Abortion has always been one of the most disputable social issues. It is the subject of heated discussion in political circles. It is a constant concern to medical workers. It is a moral, cultural, and religious issue. Neither legalization of abortions nor their ban could put an end to the disputes. There will always be those who are for and those who are unconditionally against abortion. There was a time in the history of the USA when abortions were banned. That period started at the turn of the 20ties century and lasted till 1973 ("Government Should Protect Women's Right to Abortion"). ...

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. This paper focuses on the various aspects of breast cancer among women. The paper briefly examines the various treatment options available for women diagnosed with breast cancer at any stage of pregnancy. The paper further examines the risk factors to breast cancer, birth defects, and chances of relapsing after delivery, how treatments affect fertility, and Survival Rate Female/Fetus. The paper outlines radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery as the main treatment options for breast cancer available for women diagnosed with breast cancer. In terms of birth defects, the paper outlines some ...

Discussion

Breast cancer continues to be the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women. Significant variation is observed in breast cancer survival rates from one geographic area to another (Jemal et al., 2010, Curado, 2011). Interestingly, while the Middle East, along with sub-Saharan Africa and Asian countries have the lowest rates of breast cancer in the world, the incidence has been rapidly increasing over the last twenty years, as it has been with other cancers (Amoori et al., 2014). Some of the factors that play a role in early detection include improved screening practices and education (Curado, 2011). .In ...

The product opportunity is based on the consistent on awareness on different types of cancer with a global date set to create global awareness annually. The awareness programs and campaigns are largely aimed at advocating need for testing among patients for early diagnosis in relation to creating a cancer free environment. However, the fact that those diagnosed are offered a new chance to fight the disease indicates the essence of chemotherapy drugs to facilitate full recovery of these patients. The significant problems that Chemotherapeutic Anti-cancer agents are likely to solve due to the compounds that it possess with potent activity within ...

Cause and effect of cancer

For a common individual cancer is the deathly disease, for which a treatment process that would completely finish it has not yet been found! We fear it as we fear death, because at the end of the day that is what it does to us. It slowly decays our body to the extent that there is nothing left inside us. Cancer refers to a non-communicable disease characterized by uninhibited multiplication of abnormal cells in any part of the body. It is these abnormal cells which, are called cancerous, malignant or tumor cells (medicinenet.com). Types of cancers are further identified by ...

(Author)

Regulation of Xiap Protein in Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the breast. Two most commonly reported types of breast cancer are “ductal carcinoma” and “lobular carcinoma”. Ductal carcinoma is initiated in the lining of the milk ducts, which are thin tubes involved in carrying of milk from lobules of the breast to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma can be in the form of Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as well as Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). IDC is the most commonly found type of breast cancer ...

Introduction

The Health and Social Care Act 2012 has the privilege for a regal consent on March 27, 2012 that built new public health system. It is consequently imperative to reiterate the vision of government for the fresh public role of health in domestic official bodies and, to recap the new legal structure for domestic government that strengthens that dream. The act encompasses the accountability to ensure protection of health to upper level, unitary domestic official bodies and, Secretary of State. The liabilities of critical public health lie on upper level and unitary domestic official bodies. The government issues the revived ...

Information Speech Outline on Breast Cancer

Introduction In the 21st Century, breast cancer remains one of the most dreadful diseases with effective cures yet to be discovered. It is imperative to note that breast cancer affects both men and women hence the need for information dissemination. It is my postulation that breast cancer, if detected earlier can be cured or managed to prolong the lives of its victims. Breast cancer is occasioned by a number of factors some of which are controllable. Statistics indicate a decline in the rates of infection and related deaths.

Body

Breast cancer victims or potential victims ought to be ...