Essays on Tyrosine Kinase

Abstract

Cancer of the lungs is among the leading causes of cancer in the world. It has two forms; small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC constitutes about 85% of cases of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutations are found to have an important role in this cancer. Therefore, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can work effectively against NSCLC. Gefitinib, which is a first generation TKI, and afatinib, which is a second-generation TKI, are effective as a first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC. Erlotinib is effective as a second-line therapy for advanced NSCLC. ...

Introduction

The total number of patients with cancer keeps soaring globally with around 14 million cases diagnosed by 2014. Each year, about 8 million people die of cancer-related illnesses globally. There are quite some remedies that have been proposed to mitigate in the cancer menace. This study is focused on cancer treatment by curcumin through tyrosine kinase inhibition. Curcumin is the primary coloring agent found in turmeric, a tuber of the herb Curcuma longa Lin. It has widespread use as a flavoring agent (Aggarwal and Bokyung 87). It is also well known for its medicinal value commonly used to suppress ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is a genetic disorder so common that it has claimed the lives of many women all over the world with statistics showing that it’s concentrated on the age of 45 - 55 years. Breast cancer, along with the other category of this disease is the product of the occurrence of a metastasized tumor. Neoplasm forms when genes are expressed abnormally such that the natural outcome of somatic cells is associated. Mutation, deletion and amplification of genes that control cellular growth and differentiation also cause the formation of a neoplasm. Thus, it is very critical to understand the genetic components ...

Formation of bone during foetal development occurs through the process of ossification. This process is extremely important to proper bone length, density, and uniform skeletal formation. It is driven by a complex network of genes that code for signalling proteins whose function is to turn the ossification process on, off, or slow it down. Defects in these genes can cause problems with the ossification process, and can lead to conditions of skeletal dysplasia (improper formation of bone). One such condition is Achondroplasia, one of the most common forms of dwarfism, or congenital short stature (Lister Hill National Centre for Biomedical ...

Glade Bender JL, Lee A, Reid JM, Baruchel S, Roberts T, Voss SD, Wu B, Ahern CH, Ingle AM, Harris P, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of pazopanib in children with soft tissue sarcoma and other refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Aug 20;31(24):3034-43.

This study describes a phase I clinical trial of “Pazopanib” in pediatric patients suffering from soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Pazonapib is an anti-angiogenic drug. It is a competitive inhibitor of ATP molecule1,2. It competes with the ‘substrate’ ...

Bioinformatics combines the subjects of biology, mathematics and computer science in to a single field of study. There are various tools available for the biomedical researchers so that they are able to find out the desired biochemical, genomic and medical information. Search programs, data base storage and software programs are some types of bioinformatics tools that help in the analysis of proteomic and genomic data. The web based tutorial of bioinformatics programs will be used in this study to analyze the most important enzyme of fertilization called phospholipase C-gamma. This tutorial will use the bioinformatics tools easily acquired from the ...

Mechanism and Progress of Anti-Angiogenic Drugs

Cancers are one of the common and devastating conditions affecting human being for a long time. The landmarks and progress made in achieving consummate and effective drugs for the management of this conditions are worth mentioning. Researchers have embarked on finding solutions to the nagging issue of cancer among human beings, which are commonly based on the behavior of the mutant carcinogenic cells in the body. Understanding the environment that favor mutation and proliferation of mutate genes is a remarkable approach towards getting a long life solution. In this respect, it has been identified that targeting blood vessels development in a tumor tissue ...

The epidermal growth factor belongs to the HER family receptor tyrosine kinases and it regulates cell differentiation and cell growth and interlinked with several human cancers. The signal transductions in the cells are controlled by EGFR. It is one of the oncogene which is involved in producing cancers via over expression of the ligands and the continuous activation and amplification of EGFR. The activity of the EGFR can be reduced by monoclonal antibodies against them. The activation of the EGFR is activated by binding of the transforming growth factor. The EGFR binds to receptor of HER family in order ...

The lung cancer is of primary concern among western population in the western world by virtue of exaggerated rate of smoker compared to non smokers. The pathology of lung cancer comprises of genomic instability resulting in abnormalities over a long span. The variations occur at gene level via process called as gene silencing mediated methylation; amplification of DNA, sequence changes in DNA along with looses and gains of whole chromosome. The genetic alterations observed in cell lung cancer contain a loss of regions which are in turn part of the genome especially chromosomes 9p and 3p and it is also observed ...