Essays on Pathway

I have always been interested in working with other people and having the opportunity to communicate with others. Through communication people find out a lot of new information and share it with others as well. That’s why I have decided to become an educator in future. Teaching people is a constant process of teaching oneself too as every day we discover new things and new facts. But even more important is the following: being an educator we bring light into areas which need it, into special communities which have no access to studying and self-development in this particular ...

In the heart, a large number of the vital pathway, which includes energy metabolism, stress response, and survival, apoptosis, oxygen sensing, and inflammation response are all regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a cellar redox state (Dickinson & Chang, 2011). Through upregulation of proapoptotic proteins and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways, ROS is part of a process of cardiac remodeling, cell death and hypertrophy (Dickinson & Chang, 2011). Molecular oxygen is a center for both formations of NO and regulation of ROS as significant energy metabolism by-products. Since the intermediates that are meant to be short-lived can either act as signaling molecules ...

Introduction

Millions of cells are always being removed in the human body in order to regulate biological pathways and keep cells healthy through a particular mechanism called cell death or apoptosis. Through apoptosis, such homeostatic death of cells has been defined as a tolerogenic or a non-immunogenic event for many years [1]. However, during the past few years, scientists have discovered the occurrence of a different concept of cell death – immunogenic cell death (ICD), where the death of a cell stimulates a response from the immune system against antigens of a dead cell, and this mechanism of cell death may ...

The British Journal of Community Justice Vol.12 (2):57-66 is an article that discusses how the Corrections Victoria in Australia. The article identified the risk factors that drive women into offending and develop an extraordinary response to the women offenders. The report emphasizes particularly on support and re-integration of these women into the community.Moreover, it looks at the factors that influence women’s self-efficacy, as well as their community integration. The document further outlines the development of The Better Pathway Strategy. The strategy was developed with the realization of the implications of women’s imprisonment as far reaching, with ...

Kelly has been active in employment for a while now. She has been able to balance work and marriage successfully up to the point where she found it necessary to find therapeutic support. Recently, Kelly has been suffering from regular insomnia (deprivation of sleep) and cases of depression. She has developed a high temperament that leads to a domestic misunderstanding with her husband George. Kelly has concern over her growing impatience as she is easily irritated, an issue which she acknowledges has surfaced recently. Therefore, her behavior may be the main reason for her quarrels with George. These symptoms indicate an acute ...

My choice of Waseda’s Business School for my professional business career’s training was based on the following reasons:

The primary reason is the existence of an exceptional, international full-time two-year program, which will definitely help me acquire much more strength for the strategy of my plans of business management, leadership skills and business analytical skills for possible and promising future careers, available in a global era; furthermore, it will enhance my abilities for optimal researches and future education on more advanced and specialized academic courses or training.

Secondly, the course’s structure of small-scale classrooms and working groups provide me a perspective of better interaction, both between professors and students, and colleagues; this way, the learning processes appear ...

Q. 1. Explain how gel filtration chromatography (size exclusion chromatography) separates molecules on the basis of their mass/size.

A. In gel filtration, porous beads are packed into a column. The pores are of different size. The column is then packed with a buffer solution. This buffer solution is present inside the beads as well as around it. When molecules of different size pass through the columns, the smaller molecules pass through the pores and take a longer path. The larger molecules, however, travel around the beads. Thus, larger molecules travel faster than the ...

- Explain how enzymes are involved in processes such as the breakdown of fructose Enzymes are organic catalysts. In this context, organic denotes the matter in question is generated or is obtained from a living life form. The word Catalyst indicates a matter that has the aptitude to boost a chemical reaction’s rate, and is neither transformed nor damaged by the reaction that it speeds up.

Many chemical reactions occur but a slow rate that their progress would seem to be imperceptible at normally encountered environmental temperature. However, the enzymes are specific to certain functions. Generally, they may speed up a reaction, ...

- The Warburg effect was an observation found in cancer cells by a German biochemist Otto Heinrich Warburg. He was able to observe that in cancer cells, there is a high rate of glycolysis under aerobic conditions, a trait which is technically inefficient for energy production in multicellular organisms. Hence due to his discovery, it subsequently also became known as the “Warburg Effect” over the years.

- Apparently Warburg was wrong. It was said in the paper that not all cancer cells have their mitochondria improperly functioning.

- In a proliferating cell, more than just requiring energy (ATP) for cell function, it ...

1) What does the toll of two decades (1980-2002) of climate-related disasters tell us about vulnerability and inequality at the global level? (Chapter 3) The inequality at the global scale is very obvious when it comes to the degree of adverse effects that climate-related disasters cause. Accordingly, wealthy nations suffer relatively at a lower level compared to poor or developing nations. The reason behind this is the inability of the latter to respond to such natural calamities in a timely, efficient way. They basically, do not have enough resources to mitigate the damaged done by natural calamities. Timely and sufficient ...

Is Globalization a Peace Producer?

Globalization is defined as upspring of a global society in which political, cultural, economic, and environmental circumstances in one part of the globe have particular significance for people in other parts of the world. (Globalization; Salzman, 2008). The globalization refers to rapidly growing connections between nations, economies, and societies (Barbieri and Schneider, 1999:387). Several literatures or studies have evaluated globalization in the context of international politics and social security to ascertain whether it is a peace producer or not (Blanton and Apodaca, 2007).Of course, most of the literatures have different views on the subject matter. This paper examines globalization in ...

Part 1. Group development

The process of group creation and evolution cannot be viewed as the single-moment one. Common framework of group development, formulated by Tuckman (1965), involves four main stages of group development. In the first stage of the development of a group, group forming takes place. As team members usually do not know each other well, they tend to avoid discussing their perspectives on serious issues and concentrate on routine. Storming phase is associated with the growth of the team and is usually characterized with difficulties because misunderstandings and conflicts may arise. At norming phase, participants are aimed at the development of ...

Glade Bender JL, Lee A, Reid JM, Baruchel S, Roberts T, Voss SD, Wu B, Ahern CH, Ingle AM, Harris P, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of pazopanib in children with soft tissue sarcoma and other refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Aug 20;31(24):3034-43.

This study describes a phase I clinical trial of “Pazopanib” in pediatric patients suffering from soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Pazonapib is an anti-angiogenic drug. It is a competitive inhibitor of ATP molecule1,2. It competes with the ‘substrate’ ...

1. When placed on an agar slab and incubated at 30°C for 2 days, a single yeast cell proliferates into a colony with a diameter of 2 mm containing 108 yeast cells. If the cell has a functional Ade2 gene (Ade2+), the colony will be white; if Ade2 is non-functional (Ade2–), the colony will be red. You take a strain with a mutant Ade2– at the regular chromosomal position (red colonies) and insert a second, functional Ade2+ gene near the telomere. You find that the colonies are a mixture of red and white patches or sectors. Figure 1 shows some colonies; the black regions represent the ...

Report on Case 1: Diagnosis of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, they speed up biological reactions and are also capable of regulation. Enzymatic reactions can be anabolic – where a new substance is built from smaller ones; or catabolic – where a substance is broken down to yield simpler molecules. In the example of fructose, enzymes catabolize this simple sugar to substances that are intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, allowing fructose, a 6-carbon sugar, to be used by cells to obtain energy in a way similar to glucose (also a 6-varbon sugar). Aldolase B is one of the enzymes involved in the catabolism of fructose, and its deficiency results in ...

Personal transformation refers to a dynamic and uniquely individualized practice of increasing consciousness where individuals turn out to be critically knowledgeable of old, as well as new self-views, thereby choosing to integrate these opinions to a new self-definition (Campebell, 2004). Although these views might take the form of Transpersonal Psychology, Taoism, Contemplative Psychology or Confucianism, they are capable of distinctively conceiving the temperament of human existence thus transforming the individual differently (Campebell, 2004). As a result, this essay explores personal transformation through the various perspectives of Transpersonal Psychology, Taoism, Contemplative Psychology and Confucianism.

1) Transpersonal Psychology

Transpersonal psychology widens the theories of traditional psychology concerning ...

When I was in eighth grade, my close friend Rick was diagnosed with a hole in his heart. After repeated attempts to repair it, his doctors just decided that he needed a new one. It took two years to find a donor, but Rick finally got a new heart. A year or two went by, and he started developing the same problem that he had before. His immune system was causing the hole which had by then grown so large that he needed another replacement. Another donor was quickly found, and he was back by the end of junior year. This time his ...

The United States government has been facing challenges in controlling the illegal immigrants who enter the country through the Southern Border. The Federal government has been tasked with the mandate of protecting the border however due to its wide territory it has been facing several challenges. The States that have been facing the border have enacted laws to assist them to deal with the crisis. The State of Arizona came up with laws that have stirred up high emotions across the country. Statistics show that in the year 2010, 450,000 illegal immigrants managed to enter the country through ...

Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized in adrenal glands with a myriad of functions mainly in the endocrine and immune systems, and produced during stress circumstances. Under normal conditions, stimuli such as a pathogen release immune proteins called interleukins, which further activate T-lymphocyte cells. T-cells multiply to amplify the immune response and ultimately attack the pathogen (Abbas, 2014). Other immune responses are simultaneously activated, e.g. the complement system. The complement system exerts its functions through three pathways: classical, alternative or lectin pathways. The main activators of the classical pathway are antigen-antibody complexes, which trigger a series of events mainly mediated by complement proteins ...

Chapter One

Despite the fact that in 1996, Supreme Court Justice Scalia called single-sex education in public schools “functionally dead,” Single-sex education has become an increasingly popular model in schools since the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was passed. This federal legislation promoted innovative programs for states to implement that included single-sex classrooms and schools (U.S. Department of Education, 2006). Within any educational setting there were many factors that impacted student achievement that related to boys’ and girls’ physical, social, emotional, and intellectual needs. A single-sex environment provided boys and girls with a setting that promoted specific gender related ...

In spite of the significant advancement in science and technology, the science behind lifespan is still a mystery. The theories that explain the process of aging and life span, are broadly divided into programmed and error theories (Jin, 2010). Though none of these theories are completely satisfactory, they do help to enhance one’s understanding in the area. According to the programmed longevity theory, aging follows a biological timetable, which is innate and heritable. The theory was first suggested by August Weismann. He theorized that; there is an actual limit to the extent of somatic cell division in a species, and this is ...

This Paper was prepared for_________ taught by___________

Introduction. The traditional model of end-of-life (EOL) care is not adjusted to the needs of patients with life-limited conditions other than cancer. By presenting a case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient, Taylor (2011) develops representation of common patterns of dying in terminal stage lungs disease, and focuses on such patients’ needs to elaborate the optimal care model. This paper discusses the case presented in the video by Taylor & Trotman (2011) summarizing its key points and concepts. Legal Considerations. ACP made by hospice team together with Martin, under New Zealand’s common law, should be logically followed by ...

Introduction

The immigration legislation in the U.S. today is the product of decades worth of political wrangling and public anger on both sides of the debate. The immigration debate has gone back and forth between the two political parties in this country to such a degree that there is de facto compromise on the elements of reform, and now all we have to do is implement the reforms that are already in place. The argument has gone back and forth for decades with both Democratic and Republican regimes signing legislation that encourages immigration then opposes immigration. The full circle is here ...

Introduction

Beef is a significant source of proteins, and it is estimated that meat has 16.5 percent protein content (Chapter 9). Meat also has a considerable concentration of fats. Meat is an important source of proteins and fats, but it is unfortunate that excessive consumption of meat and meat products leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases owing to the presence of trans-fatty acids in those products. Dieticians worldwide are recommending that people should reduce the consumption of trans-fatty acids, but increase their intake of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are more beneficial than trans-fatty acids (Chapter 8). Previous studies have ...

1. Introduction: The current environment especially in Western societies promotes increasing consumption of calories along with a relatively sedentary lifestyle thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. Body weight is regulated by complex interaction of genes that promote energy storage along with environmental factors that promote enhanced energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. This obesity promoting environment makes it difficult for many people to sustain weight loss for long periods of time and adequately maintain healthy lifestyle habits. Obesity can overall have many devastating effects on human health such as increased tendency to develop high blood pressure, cardiovascular problems and strokes. ...

Abnormal psychology deals with unusual patterns of thought and behavior that are considered as a mental disorder. Scholars and prominent academicians have attempted to explain the psychological and biological causes of mental disorders. Abnormal psychology can be classified as normal, abnormal and supernormal. Clinical psychology and psychopathology are some of the branches of medicine that deal with abnormal psychology. It is a complete departure from the traditional and archaic methods of diagnosing and treating mental disorders. A case in point for these treatment methods was the trephining method. Stone Age physicians believed that evil spirits caused mental disorders. They drilled a hole ...

The binding of antibodies to red blood cells can lead to potentially fatal outcomes such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn.1 Information regarding the first steps of hemolytic transfusion reactions is well documented. It is, however, unclear why the severity of hemolytic transfusions experienced by different individuals ranges from mild to very severe.2 The pathophysiology of the final pathways and downstream events of red blood cell hemolysis are also yet to be fully elucidated although research is ongoing.2 A recent study by Liepkalns et al. (2012)1 has reinvigorated debate on the ...

Introduction

Blood consists of erythrocytes and leucocytes suspended in it. Blood is pumped from the heart to the body through the arteries and it enters back in the heart through the veins. Blood without cells is known as plasma while serum is the straw colored liquid obtained after the removal of the clot. Plasma contains different proteins, nutrients and waste materials. There are different cases of blood disorders observed in humans.

Blood cells and platelets

The most abundant cells in the blood are the anucleate, biconcave erythrocytes. They contain a red pigment known as hemoglobin (Hb) that carries dioxygen (O2). Hb contains four subunits each ...

Article Summary

In comparison with other sectors, the healthcare sector is underdeveloped in the information system structure. The steps to raise its level are supposed to be implemented for the expected results to be attained. The set structure, if implemented, would be of great importance in reducing health care costs. Streamlining workflows, processes and the pathway for improved attention to this sector will lead to the improvement of the sector (Savage & Chilingerian, 2005). Introduction of management processes that are oriented to healthcare in hospitals helps in giving guidelines on how to be efficient in this sector. According to the article, the ...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a health condition that makes it difficult to inhale and exhale which has resulted in many deaths as noted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). As the fourth cause of deaths among Americans resulting from long-term inhalation of pollutants, it is imperative to develop a long term management plan, establish standards and best practices that can lead to effective and efficient managing of the situation, and establish clinical standards based on evidence-based practice regarding the management of the health challenge

Developing overall case management plan

In developing the overall case management plan, it is relevant to factor in some ...

Introduction

Allergy is an immune system disorder. Allergy or allergic reaction is a hypersensitivity to otherwise innocuous substances present in the environment. The allergic reaction is usually a rapid response; however, the sensitivity to certain allergens can be acquired over a period. It was previously called the type one hypersensitivity. It is characterized by an over activation of leucocytes, called the mast cells and the basophils following activation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) (Frigas, Gleich 1986). This activation of the basophiles and mast cells triggers an inflammatory response.

Pathophysiology of the allergic response

The type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is initiated when an allergen is introduced to the atopic individual, ...

Positron Emission Tomography (PET), in recent years, has experienced accelerated development and has become an established method for medical research and clinical routine diagnostics. The development and availability of radiopharmaceuticals specific for particular diseases is one of the major driving forces for the expansion of PET (Fani et al, 2008, pg. 1). Currently, DOTA peptides such as DOTATOC, DOTATATE and DOTA-NOC among others are being promoted for routine clinical use in nuclear medicine. The increase in the knowledge of purification and the concentration of the eluate and the complex ligand chemistry has led to the (68) Ga-labeled pharmaceuticals with a ...

Connective tissue growth factor induces collagen I expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1 pathway

Many lung inflammatory diseases present pulmonary fibrosis as one of the symptoms, which is characterized by shortness of breath, chronic coughing and discomfort in the chest. It causes modifications of the lung tissues due to overgrowth, hardening and scarring. This occurs mainly due to deposition of collagen, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, whose turnover is regulated by fibroblast. Fibroblast is an important cell regulator that is enlisted by a site of injury. This process is driven by release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8/CXCL8. Previously, fibroblast was thought to express no or very ...

My interest in the topic of lucid dreaming comes from the fact that I have always been baffled by the phenomenon of dreaming. When I dream; I am transported to an alternate reality where the rules of science and nature no longer work. I have also noticed that dreams have some power over reality and vice versa. After a good dream, I wake up happy while after a terrible dream, I am never upbeat to face the day. Interestingly, just having a normal dream is not the ultimate when it comes to experiencing “false realities.” I was surprised to realize that not ...

Breast cancer can be referred to as a cancer type that originates from breast tissue, mostly from the milk ducts’ inner lining or the lobules, which supply the ducts with milk (Sariego, 2010). Cancers arising from ducts are called ductal carcinomas, as those from lobules are called lobular carcinomas. Breast cancer affects humans, as well as other mammals. Breast cancer also affects in men. Breast cancer occurs due to an environmental factor’s interaction with a host that is genetically susceptible. Normal cells undergo division as many times as required and stop. They get attached to other cells where they ...

Jose Antonio founded 35 years ago in Venezuela youth orchestra that according to his bio has “transformed thousands of kids’ lives in Venezuela.” In the TED Talk that this essay analyzes, he gives a speech recounting that journey, and also gives insight into what he believes would have an impact all around the world on students. He uses the personal anecdote of what he was able to do in Venezuela to challenge a change in the education system all over the word. This essay analyzes the rhetorical techniques that Antonio employs in order to make his point and convince his audience ...

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder, with a complex of symptoms, such as hyperglycemia, as a result of dysfunction in producing of the insulin, its synthesis or secretion. (Stöppler, 2014). This disease may lead to serious complications. The major risk factors that raise the prevalence of diabetes are hypertension, obesity, pressed immune resistance to the infectious illnesses and even cancer. (Bilous, 2002.) Patients with diabetes are more probable to develop neuropathic vascular diseases (National Diabetes Education Program NDEP 2000). Self-management and educational programs for this group of people can greatly increase their level of life. (Department of Health, 2005). According ...

Executive Action Plan for Immigration Reform

The immigration laws in the United States are in need of an update. This country is originally made up of immigrants, and immigrants today contribute to our economy. Citizens of the United States have varying views on immigration and the laws that should or should not be upheld. Being an immigrant myself, I feel that immigration is of a large to concern to myself and my family. I would not have been able to come here, receive an education and start a family if the immigration laws were stricter. The Republican Party is upset at President Barack Obama for pushing for a ...

Part 1: Stress and Weight Gain

The hormones implicated in the weight gain response that some individuals experience when stressed are adrenaline, CRH or corticotropin-releasing hormone, and cortisol. This response is an evolutionary adaptation to cope with high energy expenditure of human’s hunter-gatherer ancestor, but it modern day, this response is due to psychological stressors from chronic worry and anxiety from daily life. The problem with this adaptation in modern humans is that the hormones do not have the same effect it once did, which was to provide energy for a hunt and subsequently replenish the body. However, the modern human neither expels a lot of ...

Color Signals in Human

For more than 20 years there has been confusion and contradiction about whether and how the visual system can examine the motion of pure color patterns that contain no luminance variety. Three new papers have reported proof that, given their force, color patterns match luminance designs in the motion related sensations and utilitarian attractive resonance imaging signals. They evoke in people, and in the neural signs they inspire in the motion region of cortex of acting monkeys. This key aspect of the most seasoned and the most modern of cognitive neuroscience strategies decisively reject the proposal that color signs ...

Abstract

Human XPA is a protein engaged in DNA damage recognition and repair. A mutation in the gene encoding the protein causes an autosomal recessive disorder, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), which renders an individual sensitive to sunlight and causes skin cancer. XPA is a 273 amino acid protein, which is predominantly localized in the nucleus. It is expressed at both high and moderate levels in several tissues. The protein serves as a damage sensor in a nucleotide excision repair mechanism, through which the damage to a DNA strand is verified and repaired by formation of a newly synthesized strand. Besides this primary NER mechanism, XPA in conjunction ...

Strategic Context

Charlie Crist is the representative candidate of Democratic, who is vying for Florida governorship in 2014 gubernatorial elections. He had political backgrounds since he had served as a governor from the year 2007 to 2011, as a Republican representative. However, in the year 2010, he abandoned the Republican Part to vie as an independent for the U.S. Senate. Unfortunately, he lost the race to his opponent Marco Rubio. After two years later, in the year 2012, Crist endorsed and back up President Barack Obama, who was contending for the presidency with Democrat Party. Therefore, Crist shifted his gears and announced to ...

Abstract

Organ transplantation is an important life-saving procedure for those people, who have some problems in their organs. However, the problem of organ transplant rejection is an important issue in this case. In this problem, patient’s immune system starts rejecting the organ as a foreign body. This problem of rejection of the organ can be acute or become chronic. Several diagnostic procedures have also been developed to reduce the problem of rejection of an organ. Scientists have done a lot of research in this regard. Acute rejection needs immediate care. In order to reduce the problem, specialists will check the area ...

Background

Type II diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder found in adults that involves high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) due to insulin resistance as well as an insufficient amount of insulin. Type II diabetes differs from Type I diabetes, which is characterized by a complete lack of insulin. Symptoms of Type II diabetes include thirst, frequent urination and hunger. Long term complications include heart disease, strokes, vision problems and kidney failure. Today, there are close to 300 million people in the world who have been diagnosed with type II diabetes, an increase of 10 fold over the past 30 years. This increase in ...

Invasive python in Florida (everglades)

Invasive python in Florida (everglades)

Annotated bibliography

Pizzatto, Lígia, Camila Both, and Richard Shine. "Quantifying Anuran Microhabitat Use To Infer The Potential For Parasite Transmission Between Invasive Cane Toads And Two Species Of Australian Native Frogs." Plos ONE 9.9 (2014): 1-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. Kempel, Anne, et al. "Plant-Microbe-Herbivore Interactions In Invasive And Non-Invasive Alien Plant Species." Functional Ecology 27.2 (2013): 498-508. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. Bottollier-Curtet, Marion, Anne-Marie Planty-Tabacchi, and Eric Tabacchi. "Competition Between Young Exotic Invasive And Native Dominant Plant Species: Implications For Invasions Within Riparian Areas." ...

Introduction

Genetics is the study of genes and variation in living organisms. Genetics characteristic generally considered the field of biology but it is clear that it does happens frequently with many of the life sciences, strongly discussed, and linked in the study of information systems. The genes structure and function variation and distributions extended in the study of the cell, the organism and within the context of a population. Nature versus nurture is the process of genetics work with the combination process with an organism’s environment, and experiences to influence development and behavior. The extra-cellular environment includes on switching ...

Introduction

This analysis will focus on the excess intake of saturated fats and cardiovascular disease. The analysis is based on the report detailing my nutrient intake recorded for two days starting from September 4, 2014 to September 6, 2014. According to the analysis, my diet during the two-day period predisposes me to cardiovascular disease since it is high in saturated fats. According to the food guidelines given by USDA, saturated fats should contribute less than 10 percent of the total daily calories. However, my nutrient report indicates that saturated fats contribute 12 percent of my total daily calorie intake. Consequently, ...

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) refers to a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is the second most predominant neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer’s disease (Thomas & Beal, 2007). Advanced age increases the risk of disease. It is diagnosed in 1% of individuals with 65 years of age and 5% of the individuals with over 85 years (Weintraub, Comella, & Horn, 2008). However, up to 3% of the cases have been found in people below 50 years. Other risk factors include the male gender and individuals of European ancestry. PD is a chronic disorder that progresses slowly; it may take 15 years from the time ...

What is the evidence that convinces you Cancer Stem Cells are a subpopulation of tumour cells with distinct tumour‐initiating capacity? What are cancer stem cells (CSCs)? They are cancer cells that have similar characteristics as normal stem cells. CSCs have the potential to give rise to other cells types, and thus are tumorigenic in nature. These cells can generate tumors via stem cell processes of self-renewal, as well as differentiation into different cells (Wang, Chiou & Wu, 2013). CSCs have been found to persist in tumors in the form of a district population and often cause relapse and metastasis ...

The surgeon’s assistant is also referred to as assistants-at-surgery. The category of specialists serve as the members of the surgical team. In most cases, the surgeon assistant performs various tasks under the instruction of the surgeons. Some of the simple tasks that the assistant-surgeons include exposing, the surgical site, making the foremost incisions(Clark,15). This essay intends to develop a conceptual framework of the basic attributes that help in defining an assistant surgeon. This essay will put more focus on the educational requirements to obtain the job, description of the job and the role of technology in the ...

Analysis of NSAIDs non-selective take (Ibuprofen and Naproxen)

Health impact of many diseases leaves a potential consequence on the quality of life (QOL). The frequency at which such impact occurs could vary from one disease condition to the other. Affected individuals need to encounter physical and psychological distress. However, scientific advancements have made a progress in alleviating such problems. Especially, pharmaceutical science has become a reliable branch to cater the needs of people who suffer from illnesses. Understanding the efficacy and other properties of various drugs is important for the better therapeutic application of pharmacy. In such context, the present description deals with highlighting about Analysis of NSAID take by ...

(Author)

Regulation of Xiap Protein in Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the breast. Two most commonly reported types of breast cancer are “ductal carcinoma” and “lobular carcinoma”. Ductal carcinoma is initiated in the lining of the milk ducts, which are thin tubes involved in carrying of milk from lobules of the breast to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma can be in the form of Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as well as Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). IDC is the most commonly found type of breast cancer ...

Freud thinks human beings can never be happy for a number of reasons. Unhappiness is a peculiar feeling that is present in millions of individuals around the world. It is a feeling that has no limit and is subjective. Freud says that it is not easy to deal with the feelings scientifically. He says that the feeling is oceanic, and it is an intellectual perception present in every other human being. It is not possible to enter into people’s minds that have the feeling to be able to understand it and thus, we cannot tell if the feeling is correctly interpreted. ...

Article critique

1. What study report is this? Hayes, B. T., Harter, R. A., Widrick, J. J., Williams, D. P., Hoffman, M. A., & Hicks-Little, C. A. (2012). Lack of neuromuscular origins of adaptation after a long-term stretching program. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation, 21, 99-106. 2. Purpose and general rationale. What was the general purpose of the study? What questions does it raise? The purpose of this study was to examine the possible neurological origin and adaptations in the Ia-reflex pathway that allows the increase the flexibility of ankle range of motion (ROM). This study evaluated the neurological changes occurring ...

Introduction/background

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an organism that can exist either as a singled-cell organism or as pseudomycelia. It is used in many scientific studies. It is commonly known as baker’s yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely employed in scientific studies mainly due to the following reasons: it has a sequenced genome, it is easy to maintain in the lab, researchers can easily manipulate its genetics, and it grows rapidly. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can live with two genomes (diploid, n=32) or one genome (haploid, n=16). Consequently, the organism can undergo meiotic differentiation. In diploid phase, cells of the saccharomyces cerevisiae are more resistant to ...

Abstract

Sexual addiction is a controversial topic that lacks substantial data. However, a psychosocial and neurotransmitter theories have been postulated in order to shade light on this disorder. Sexual addiction denotes sexual urges, thoughts or behaviors that appear out of an individual’s control or extreme in frequency; extreme addiction to sexuality (Kingston & Firestone, 2008). Addiction, on the other hand, denotes the state of behavior that goes beyond the boundaries of social norms and hinders a person’s ability to develop healthy relationships or function appropriately in life’s general aspects (Kingston & Firestone, 2008). In this paper, I provide theoretical explanations for John’ ...

Introduction

Electrophysiology is the study of the electrical nature of biological cells and tissues. It is the basis of several ophthalmological techniques that can provide information about the retinal function. Three distinct electrical potentials have been identified in retina viz. Early receptor potential (ERP), electroretinogram (ERG), and electrooculogram (EOG). ERP is generated by the photopigment molecules in the outer part of visual receptors. ERG extends from pigment epithelium to the inner nuclear layer. EOG is a function of pigment epithelium but also depends on outer and inner layers of the retina. ERG arises in the retina after light stimulation and ...

Reason for doing the research

The goal of the paper was to investigate whether pharmacological treatment with the pan- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist bezafibrate would correct a deficiency of PPAR--coactivator 1α (PGC-1 α) and apply beneficial effects in a transgenic mouse having Huntington’s disease (HD). A number of mice with a deficiency of PGC-1 α were fed on a special diet comprising of bezafibrate and another group was left untreated. The mice were examined for a long period and then euthanized with CO2 inhalation. They died after some time and were dissected with several internal parts (brain, muscles, liver etc) being examined.

Hypothesis

The hypotheses was based on the evidence ...

The regeneration of nerves throughout the human body has been a subject of much interest in biology recently. The unique characteristics of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) provide insights into the mechanisms occurring after once damage occurs. A good understanding of tThe differences between these mechanisms also may lead to new therapies for nerve-damaged patients, including stroke patients. Following injury, the nerves in the CNS of an adult mammal will not regenerate, while the PNS will. These differences appear in every stage of axon regeneration. Within hours of axotomy, the PNS begins ...

Work engagement is a complex multi faced concept practiced in one’s daily life. It entails many practical, emotional and physical variables which create a combination of notions influencing decision making and final outcomes. The four preliminary variables of which work engagement is based on are hope, resilience, optimism and efficacy. Each variable is associated in a slightly different way manipulating the way of thinking and final outcomes. Work engagement is commonly defined as "a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption" (Schaufeli and Bakker, 2004: 295). Psychological capital is a key term shaped by hope, ...