Essays on Hypertension

Introduction

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive report on a case study conducted on an individual who is displaying symptoms of hypertension. The paper explicitly explores as a chronic disease and some of the aspects that will be touched on include its epidemiology, Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, treatment plan, drug analysis and follow up care.

Hypertension, also commonly referred to as high blood pressure is a body condition in which blood vessels, specifically the arteries high and persistent pressure. This high pressure makes it hard for the heart to pump blood to all the other parts of ...

Hypertension being a health condition that results from medical conditions that attack the kidney, heart, arteries, and the endocrine system, it calls for intensive care of a patient. Reliable strategies must be employed while the precise professionals are involved when complications develop to the patient. Proper care of the patient depends on the willingness of the patient to accept the intended procedures while the caregiver also has the patient’s burden at heart. Below is an analysis of the most preferable needs for patients and how they need to be addressed.

The first and the core need to be ...

While treating patients with chronic illnesses, the major challenge faced is developing a plan of care that addresses the specific needs of a patient and caregiver. One needs to be in close touch with the patients and make sure that they take medications as prescribed. The patients support group family and peers should come-up with an ideal plan to help the patient manage the illness and also to prevent further health complications. The chronic illness that I am going to discuss is hypertension. Hypertension also known as high blood pressure is a chronic medical illness whereby the blood pressure ...

Abstract

Hypertension is a silent killer that afflicts over 77 million people in USA. The prevalence of this disease is higher among African-Americans than other ethnic groups. Especially, more than half of the population of African-American women suffers from hypertension and the associated disorders. Apart from genetic factors, a slew of environmental factors including obesity and lack of activity, diabetes, poor diet, alcohol consumption and stress are contributive to this growing phenomenon among black women. This paper has discussed this issue in more detail along with the recommended interventions necessary to keep this condition under check.

Introduction

Hypertension is a debilitating ...

During my Practicum Experience, I encountered a patient who will be referred to as Elaine in this description. Elaine, at the time of our examination of her, weighed nearly 200 pounds, was 5’7” in height, 35 years of age, and led a sedentary lifestyle. She reported to me and the other nurses that she was a regular smoker, having smoked two packs a day since she was in her early twenties, and also drank three times a week. She has an office job, and as such does not regularly exercise. Her blood pressure was 150 over 95, leading ...

Use of a standard language in nursing for the nursing care documentation is very crucial to the bedside or direct care nurse and the nursing profession. The American Nurses Association currently approves thirteen standardized nursing languages to direct care. Ten of these languages are specifically for the nursing care. In the course of delivering nursing services, all the nurses need to have a common means of expression and communication. They need to agree over a common terminology when describing interventions, outcomes, and interventions related to the specific documentation. By doing this, nurses all over the world are able to ...

Malaysia Health Promotion for Stroke

- Introduction Stroke is caused by a blood clot forming on one of the arteries to the brain (Anon, 2014). The resulting blockage interferes with brain function and the body loses optimum function. There are degrees of severity, ranging from impaired speech to major disability or death. Early detection improves recovery. Malaysia is experiencing increases in incidences of stroke related to lifestyle. Approximately 11.6% of all deaths each year are attributed to stroke (WorldLifeExpectancy, 2004). It is the second leading cause of death and in the top five causes of disability in the country. Malaysia is a low-to-middle income ...

Introduction

Hypertension is one of the most common clinical conditions that afflict most people regardless of country or race. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease, which means that it is not acquired through contact although mounting evidence through numerous studies suggests that the disease can be genetic or hereditary. In layman’s term, hypertension is commonly associated with high-blood pressure although in a medical perspective, hypertension is quite difficult to define. The definition of hypertension is quite arbitrary depending on factors such as age as well as the level of blood pressure that is normal for a person, which varies among ...

Introduction

Hypertension due to unknown cause or rather essential hypertension is responsible for an estimated 95% of the reported cases of hypertension. Its trend is seen in families and can be categorized as one of the genetically acquired or inheritance diseases. Numerous pathophysiological are said to causes hypertension with several experiments and research carried out to establish solid evidence. Sympathetic nervous system is one of the factors considered due to its effect on cardiovascular activities in the human body.

Blood pressure

Blood pressure is mainly as a result of vascular resistance and output of the cardiac muscles. All these actions on the ...

(Author)

Abstract

Obesity refers to the condition of having weight more than average fatness. This medical condition is thought to be caused by hereditary factors but some environmental factors are also involved in this problem. Obesity in childhood is becoming an important problem for the world. BMI that is more than the 97th percentile for age and sex in children is considered as the point for childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can increase the chances of other medical problems such as hypertension and diabetes. Prevention is considered as the best strategy in reducing the problem of obesity. Treatment of this condition ...

Questions in Medicine

Question One The leukemia and lymphoma website offers things that assist healthcare professionals and patients of access information. These include patient education programs, resource centers, support programs and discussion boards. The support programs offer a link for people with blood cancers to connect with other people with common problems. As such, this program offers mutual support by creating opportunities for discussing concerns and anxieties with people with similar experiences. The patient education programs offer free web education and telephone programs, video support and local education programs for caregivers and patients regarding blood cancers, support an the treatment options available. ...

It is well known that hypertension is a condition that can be controlled with various forms of lifestyle modification and medicines, however there are several other major factors that hinders or affect how such high blood pressure can be effectively controlled. Mrs Kingston's health history (abnormal cholesterol level and diabetes), BMI (obesity), and lifestyle (tobacco smoking, diet) place her at a high risk of complications if her blood pressure is not properly controlled. Those potential complications that could ensue from the hypertension can be related to affectations of organs such as the kidneys, eyes, and heart.The commonest of the ...

Hypertension which is also known as high blood pressure is a condition in which the arteries have persistently elevated blood pressure. It is a dangerous disease that can lead to other illnesses such as heart failure and stroke and it can also lead to damaged organs. Although hypertension is a dreadful disease, it can be treated by lowering blood pressure to less than 140/90 or probably lower in certain circumstances (Hays, 2009, p. 212). Alongside that, it can also be treated by changing lifestyle factors or treating it medically. Hypertension is the biggest risk factor for cardiovascular disease which ...

Introduction

Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, is a medical condition which comprises of incessantly elevated blood pressure in the arteries. Hypertension may cause damage to the organs and several illnesses including renal failure, heart failure, heart attack or stroke. According to (Luehr, Hayes, Johnson & Burke (2012), close to 30% of the adult American (U.S.) population have hypertension. Majority of these people are those over 65 years. This means that nearly 66.9 million U.S. citizens have hypertension. This number is predicted to rise as the number of those above 65 years continues to rise. Poor adherence to medication ...

The regulation of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis in the body occurs thorough an endocrine pathway called the renin angiotensin (RAS) pathway. This is a multistep pathway in which two step conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I by rennin and subsequent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) occurs (Fig 1a). The RAS involves a number of peptides, receptors and enzymes partake in this highly regulated system. The angiotensin II, however, is the key biological player of this pathway. Uncontrolled activation and improper regulation of the RAS pathway leads to hypertension, organ failure and ...

Abstract

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence rates of arterial hypertension among adults in urban and rural environments of Malta. Logistic regression is used to obtain (OR) the odds ratio as a useful measure of association between outcome and variables. The prevalence of arterial hypertension among the Maltese population was 21.9% (or 1.14), (Nicita, 2008, p. 14). The World Health Organization (WHO) website was used to gather information in this study regarding arterial hypertension prevalence among the Maltese population. The likelihood of reporting arterial hypertension increased with women and age, migrants and individuals with morbidities, former ...

This patient has received IV furosemide because her heart failure has lead to pulmonary edema, as is evident by the presence of pulmonary crackles. Furosemide is a powerful diuretic. This medication is also good for the treatment of her hypertension. Enalapril is an ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor that is used for the treatment of hypertension and some forms of heart failure. Enalapril has been shown to lower mortality in patients with systolic heart failure, which is most likely what this patient is suffering from considering her chronic history of hypertension. Metoprolol is used because this patient has ventricular ...

Activity 1

Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 Diagram to explain how β-adrenoceptors antagonists produce clinically useful effects It suffices to note that b blockers have their main role outside the central nervous system. They competitively block receptor occupancy of b receptors, from agonists like catecholamines. Some bind irreversibly to beta receptors and are therefore used only in experimental settings. Some beta antagonists constitutively reduce the activity of beta receptors. These kind are known as inverse agonists. Most beta receptors blockers are structurally similar to isoproterenol

Harley,1983

Would we treat uncomplicated hypertension in 68year old patient with moderate asthma and renal impairment ...

Assignment 1 – Developing your ideas

Research Problem Obesity has been a health issue to most middle aged men and older men for the last three decades. This issue has increased in many countries and researchers have been looking for a solution to the problem. One of the main health problem caused by obesity is stroke and cardiovascular problems. Researchers have found a reprieve in vitamin d supplements and other constituents to be useful in reducing stroke among middle aged males.Vitamin D is a highly required nutrient in nutrition. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent condition that has claimed the lives of so many people. Such ...

Literature review: weighing evidence

Research is an endeavor carried out in search of knowledge. The harnessing of a curiosity to know. In nursing this would comprise the search for new medical knowledge. In this light therefore it is paramount that the information gathered be as accurate, thorough and representative as possible. In the case study on the relationship between lifestyle changes, physical activity and diet against hypertension, the researchers did a good job in data sampling as can be observed from their work the inclusion of the diverse variables into consideration during their time of the study signifies in a well thought out ...

Introduction

Identifying and describing a researchable Problem Essential hypertension is a term used to describe high blood pressure of unknown etiology. According to Messerli, Williamsand Ritz (2007) this condition increases the risks of cerebral damage, renal dysfunction and cardiac disease. In industrialized nations there is a 90% risk of developing hypertension during an individual’s life time. It means blood pressure readings above 120/80 moving towards 140/90(Messerli et.al, 2007). Approximately, 43 million Americans are hypertensive and using antihypertensive medication. This is 24% of the adult population. There are racial variations with blacks showing an incidence of 32.4%; whites 23.3% ...

Personal Health Risk Assessment

My family has a history of blindness, as my great grandfather was blind. Apart from blindness, deafness is similarly a condition that poses risk in my family because my sister and I are both deaf. I therefore, face a health risk of blindness in the future. Diabetes has a strong relation with blindness. Meningitis on the other hand, is connected with deafness. In this respect, aging and genetic inheritance are the main risk factors that are likely to determine my state of health in the future. Some others risks that I can manage with positive health choices include high ...

Introduction

- Identifying and describing a researchable Problem

Identifying 5 questions

Preliminary PICO question and description of each variable Conclusion 10 key words that can be used in literature review search Introduction

Identifying and describing a researchable Problem

Essential hypertension is a term used to describe high blood pressure of unknown etiology. According to Messerli, Williams and Ritz (2007) this condition increases the risks of cerebral damage, renal dysfunction and cardiac disease. In industrialized nations there is a 90% risk of developing hypertension during an individual’s life time. It means blood pressure readings above 120/80 moving towards 140/90 (Messerli et.al, 2007). Approximately, 43 million Americans are hypertensive and ...

Introduction

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive report on a case study conducted on an individual who is displaying symptoms of hypertension. The paper explicitly explores as a chronic disease and some of the aspects that will be touched on include its epidemiology, Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, treatment plan, drug analysis and follow up care. Hypertension, also commonly referred to as high blood pressure is a body condition in which blood vessels, specifically the arteries high and persistent pressure. This high pressure makes it hard for the heart to pump blood to all the other parts of ...

Her problem of Hypertension was diagnosed almost 6 years ago when her blood pressure remained consistently on the higher side on 4 consecutive visits to the clinic. It was consistently high in the range of 160/90 mmHg. Almost a year ago, she was also detected with microalbuminuria during her annual screening of urine. At that time, 1,943 mg/dl of microalbumin was detected in her urine sample.

Subjective

She has come to the clinic today for her regular checkup and follows up visit for the diabetes and hypertension. She is a house wife. And has three children.

Objective

She got an ...

SOC313: Social Implications of Medical Issues

Introduction Hypertension contributes to a number of diseases. As per studies about 26% people of the world totaling about 1 billion in number are afflicted with hypertension (Kearney et. al). Since a large segment of the world population is expected to grow older by 2025, hypertension is likely to increase in the world within next 15 years. In the US, currently a recorded number of 73 million people are suffering from hypertension. Hypertension is regarded as the silent killer because people suffering from it do not show any external symptoms. Hypertension hardens arteries resulting in the higher risk for ...

Abstract:

Hypertension is a condition of the arteries dilating out of experiencing high pressure during the pumping of blood by the heart. It is also known as high blood pressure condition. Hypertension leads to the occurrence of other diseases in the body such heart failure, kidney diseases and stroke. These diseases are ranked among the top killers in the United States and the rest of the world. For this reason, a study was conducted with the intention of finding ways to prevent hypertension among the Glasgow Caledonian University students. The research showed the knowledge of the respondents for the causes ...

Hypertension, or high blood pressure is a measurement of the force of your blood against your arteries as your heart pumps it through your body. It is generally indicated by two numbers; the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures. Normal blood pressure is less than 120 over 80 (120/80 mmHg). Pre-hypertension is when blood pressure falls between 120/80 mmHg but less than 140/90 mmHg. Blood pressure levels of more than 140/90 mmHg is considered Hypertension. . Some contributing factors that increase the risk the risk of developing high blood pressure are age, ethnicity and family history. These factors are not ...

RTE 1503

Abstract: Hypertensive pulmonary edema is a frightening disease that occurs occasionally with acute hypertension. This case study analyzes a middle aged woman and her visit to the hospital emergency department when she collapses and has difficulty breathing. It is shown by the x-ray technician that she is suffering from hypertensive pulmonary edema and after proper medical management she quickly gets better. It is important to distinguish this disease from cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which is chronic in nature and has a very different clinical picture. A 47-year-old woman with a history of hypertension recovering from a recent bout of the ...

Pathophysiology

Any long-term rise in blood pressure above the upper limit of normal vibrations (hypertension) may be the cause of diseases and pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels. It is known that the probability of developing coronary heart disease, latent or overt cardiac and renal failure, and cerebrovascular events in adults with diastolic blood pressure (BP) greater than 90 mm Hg. two times higher than in diastolic blood pressure below 80 mm Hg. Hypertension is a pathological condition of the body's adult due to prolonged elevation of systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg. and diastolic blood pressure ...

Background and Abstract

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality not just in the United States but also in other developed and developing countries. Moreover, the cost of addressing the medical and health care needs of patients diagnosed with hypertension are often serious; and when that gets coupled with the high volume of patients being diagnosed with the disease, the effects of the problem on health, on a national level, would be magnified. Patients diagnosed with hypertension (i.e. high blood pressure) had to undergo a thorough screening procedure that may include regular blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG), ...

Presentation: 52 year old male presents with complaint of wet cough and intermittent fevers for one week. Symptoms have progressively worsened with onset of back pain over the last two days. Previous Medical History: No health insurance and has not seen provider for five years. History of Hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus-2 controlled with diet.

Allergies: Penicillin and Erthyromycin History of Present Illness: Onset/duration: one week. Pattern: cough worse at night. Associated Symptoms: fever and back pain worsens with coughing. Relieving factors: sitting up and drinking fluids. Aggravating factors: smoking and lying down. Effect on Activities ...

Introduction

Description of the NONPF NP Core Competencies Description of the Interview with the APN. Analysis of the discussed APN competencies Conclusion Introduction This report describes an interview conducted with a nursing leader, Mrs. N.R who practices as a Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP). A description of NONPF NP core competencies was discussed and an account would be presented in this report. Beside an actual description of the interview an analysis of the core competencies will be undertaken.

Description of NONPF NP core competencies

With responsibility of monitoring hypertensive patients whose blood pressure is uncontrolled due to several reasons, this advanced nurse practitioner (Mrs. N. R) displays ...

Introduction

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses in America today (Thalacker, 2011). As such, it is important to implement interventions that will allow for the prevention of this disease. In this regard, this paper discusses the use of the Health Belief Model as a framework for developing health educational programs that aim to promote healthier behaviors among the population, particularly in relation to hypertension. This will be in consonance with the objectives of the Healthy People 2020 program, which advocates for the use of an ecological and determinants approach in the promotion of health and the prevention ...

The Role of Diet in Human Health

The human immune system is highly developed and complex to ensure that it fights with a wide range of microorganisms, viruses, bacteria, particles and other foreign objects that may affect the body in any way. The system is made up of various components within the body, and all are in some relation with each other to ensure that there is an effective immunity against any foreign body capable of causing some pathological conditions in the body. The major components of the human immune system include a group of immune cells ...

There are diseases in contemporary generation that have been categorized as global epidemics – one of which is hypertension . Due to the evolving nature of factors that are deemed to be instrumental and contributory to the illness, various studies and researches continue to be conducted on the subject. An update on identified factors that provide evidence to increased tendencies or preponderance for hypertension focused on racial differences and the levels of natriuretic peptides (NP). In an article written by Gupta, de Lemos, Ayers, Berry, & Wang (2015) entitled “Racial Differences in Natriuretic Peptide Levels: The Dallas Heart Study” published in the ...

Introduction and Review of literature:

Modern life styles have made people unaware about their health; eating fast food and long sitting are now the part of our daily life, which results in obesity. Isolated systolic hypertension is a silent killer, which mainly cause due to obesity. This disease happened when due to disorder your systolic blood pressure crosses 140 mark on the scale. In addition to obesity, consider certain other physiological conditions such as stiffness in the arteries, heart disorders are also as the culprits of the disease. This study is conducted due to the strong correlation among BMI and hypertension has been reported . ...

Introduction and Review of literature:

Recent lifestyles have made people less active resulting into obesity. Long sittings, lack of exercise and junk eating are a few of the causes of obesity. Isolated systolic hypertension is a silent killer among modern day community usually following obesity. In this disorder once the systolic blood pressure crosses 140 mark on the scale, the disease happens. In addition to obesity certain physiological conditions such as artery stiffness, heart disorders or overactive thyroids may also be considered the culprits of the disease. Understanding the gradual changes that occur in our life styles which ultimately is reflected in our physical ...

Telemedicine to Manage Hypertension, Diabetes and Asthma

Introduction With the growing population of different societies, health care practitioners are gradually being required to render medical services to minority and underserved groups in the society. Health care practitioners have to deal with a lot of substantial health disorders and illnesses among racial and cultural minority groups. The expansive diversity of the population conveys different challenges for the healthcare industry in providing and delivering services uniformly to every community and social group, and to be assisted in health care needs. This undertaking is also a big opportunity for many different health care providers to provide services to those ...

Blood Pressure, Hypertension and the Nervous System

Cardiovascular activities within the human body are generally facilitated by the regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic afferent and efferent nerve fibers. Blood pressure is the relationship between the vascular resistance and the amount of blood that the heart pumps per minute (i.e. cardiac output). Cardiac output is affected by the following factors: end-diastolic volume, cardiac muscle contraction, and heart rate. While the sympathetic nervous system controls the blood volume and the tone of venous smooth muscle (determinants of end-diastolic volume) alone, the myocardial contraction and heart rate is controlled by both sympathetic and parasympathetic regions of the autonomic ...

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease is a common disease that makes it impossible for the cardiovascular system to provide the body with enough nutrients and oxygen during sustained physical activities. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are narrow blood vessels which can not deliver enough blood to the muscles or a weak heart which can not pump enough blood to the muscles. A weak heart is as a result of poor signaling or infections affecting the heart muscles. Healthy blood vessels are strong and flexible. They can with stand the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart. When cholesterol is deposited ...

Epidemiology, as the name suggests is the study of diseases by analysing their trigger factors and their causes and rate of spreading. Since it is a composite study of diseases and health problems and focuses on solving these problems by research and understanding the various factors. Analysts therefore utilize various methods dependent on the disease or the health issue in question and the desired outcome of the study. The term “disease’ here covers a wide range of health related issues including their causes, controls and outcomes at various stages of the disease such as disability and eventual death. There ...

Heart failure is mostly described as a chronicle disease where the heart is unable to pump the blood sufficiently to the body, with other terms like congestive cardiac failure often been used interchangeably. Some of the symptoms are leg swelling, excessive tiredness and breath shortness. Breath shortage is mostly the worse since lying down and sleeping at night is difficult. Most of the common causes that lead to heart failure are blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease. These causes lead to failure in functioning of the heart structure mainly due to left ventricular and fain normal ejection ...

Abstract

Cirrhosis is 12th on the list of leading causes of death in the US. Cirrhosis is characterized by scarring of the liver tissue due to inflammation that could lead to liver failure and death. Some patients develop cancer in due course of the illness. The scarring, which is usually permanent, covers the outer layer with collagen, makes the liver very rigid and limits the exchange of blood between the portal vein and the liver, thereby creating excess pressure in the hepatic portal vein. The scarring renders the removal of toxin such as alcohol difficult due to depletion of hepatocytes. ...

Introduction

An optometrist has the technical ability to detect the early signs of potential ocular and systemic diseases. This is because the eyes, because of their rich blood supply, provide opportunities for inspection of the cardiovascular system. The fundus region in the eye can be observed non-invasively and directly, providing vital clues on the systemic status. Retinopathy may be caused by several factors like diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and HIV positive status (Rughani, 2013). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest contributor to mortality in the Western world. It accounts for approximately 80% premature mortality in diabetes. The optometrist plays the important ...

Medicine

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic disease which is increasing in the United States. On the one hand baby boomers are aging and have become at risk for CHF. People are also living longer. (Ideal, 2009, p. 2) The rate of people under 65 years old entering hospitals for CHF has increased. (Hall, Levant, and DeFrances, 2012, p. 1) In 1900 the number of people over 65 years was approximately 3 million but in 2010 the number is over 34 million; in 2020 the number is predicted to include about 20 percent of the US population. (Quaglietti, Atwood, ...

BSN4002 - Apr 08 2013 to Jun 14 2013 - Section 04

Part I: Community/State Demographics With a population of almost six million, Maryland is the 19th most-populated state in the United States. In 2010, the median household income of Maryland residents was $70,647; however, 8.6 percent of Maryland residents live in poverty (Maryland Vital Statistics Administration, Division of Health Statistics, 2010). Maryland’s income statistics are well below the national rate of 15.1 percent – yet the state’s poverty rate has increased by 12.5 percent from 2009 to 2010, the subject period of the annual census report. Maryland was named the wealthiest state by the United States Census Department ...

Disease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services

As at the year 2010, the estimated population of the United States of America was put at three hundred an eight million, nine hundred and thirty six thousand with 6.9% of the population being between the ages of 0 and 4 years with a figure of twenty one million, four hundred and twenty-six thousand children. the age bracket between 5 and 19 years make up 19.6% of the population with a figure of sixty one million, eight hundred and ten thousand individuals and the age bracket between 20 and 24 years taking up about 32.8% of the population having ...

[University’s name]

Brief History of Case Study:

Presenting Illness: Ms E.H. is an 83 year old female with a chronic history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus came in for routine check-up. History of Presenting Illness: The 83 year old female patient was in usual state of health with a prolong history of hypertension that was adequately managed on diuretic therapy. She has been given and tried various other medications but for some reasons, her blood pressure is not very well controlled. Since past few days, she has started complaining of polyuria and polyphagia. She has experienced decreased vision for the last couple of ...

Introduction and Review of literature:

Recent lifestyles have made people less active resulting into obesity. Long sittings, lack of exercise and junk eating are a few of the causes of obesity. Isolated systolic hypertension is a silent killer among modern day community usually following obesity. In this disorder once the systolic blood pressure crosses 140 mark on the scale, the disease happens. In addition to obesity, certain physiological conditions such as artery stiffness, heart disorders, or overactive thyroids may also be considered the culprits of the disease. Understanding the gradual changes that occur in our life styles, which ultimately are reflected in our physical ...

- The Global Problem of Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease is a major global health problem that continues claiming the lives of many people. The disease requires a special attention of the global organizations because if they do not address it with immediacy, it threatens to kill more people in the future. The current projections show that by 2030, the cardiovascular disease shall claim more than 23.3 million lives each year (Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010 p.1). In the united states of America, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) explains that one out of four women ...

Discussion

Breast cancer continues to be the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women. Significant variation is observed in breast cancer survival rates from one geographic area to another (Jemal et al., 2010, Curado, 2011). Interestingly, while the Middle East, along with sub-Saharan Africa and Asian countries have the lowest rates of breast cancer in the world, the incidence has been rapidly increasing over the last twenty years, as it has been with other cancers (Amoori et al., 2014). Some of the factors that play a role in early detection include improved screening practices and education (Curado, 2011). ...

Abstract

On the differential diagnosis of the presented medical history, several medical conditions relating to the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, muscle and bone systems can be linked with those medical signs and symptoms. Exploring the several causes of the chest pain, all the above systems listed are likely to be a cause. However, the history of hypertension eliminates those that are related to the digestive, muscular and bony etiologies. Further reviewing the role of high cholesterol, palor and increased sweating, a conclusion of heart attack or condition is made. Further investigations might need to be conducted to make the definitive diagnosis. ...

- Abstract Cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure are some of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity with Australia being one of the country’s most greatly affected (McLean, Esclick & Coats, 2006). An area of interest in the pathology of heart failure is the significance that polymorphisms of adrenergic receptor genes have on the outcomes of patients with heart failure. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs that occur in the genes that encode for adrenergic receptors are known to have various physiological and functional consequences. Specifically, the β1-adrenergic receptors have a crucial role in the regulation of heart rate and ...

- Current pre-hospital treatment regimens for eclampsia and preeclampsia Both eclampsia and preeclampsia are serious conditions and although they are uncommon, they comprise a challenge especially in the pre-hospital setting (Rodriguez & Velisca, 2007). They relate to high blood pressure and occur during pregnancy, which mean that mother and the growing fetus face a serious threat (nichd.nih.gov). In preeclampsia, due to the mother’s increased blood pressure, the fetus gets reduced blood supply, which in turns could mean less oxygen (nichd.nih.gov). Eclampsia is a more serious condition that hazards the mother’s life, and consequently the fetus’ life too, with ...

Overview

Ulcers of the lower leg are common incapacitating wounds amongst the elderly in the United States. For women over 65 years, there is relatively 1.43 percent. These ulcers can be broadly split into two main types with the ones originating from poor arterial perfusion occurring less times and the ones taking place due to venous problems making relatively 70 percent of the presented cases. The etiology of the ulcer is identified through measurement of the ankle/brachial pressure index (ABPI). The ulcers that have an ABPI of more than 0.8, are perceived to be appropriate to be treated with compression ...

Introduction

Today, one of the leading causes of mortality in the US is cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It is considered to be one of the serious illnesses; there are one out of four deaths every year from CVD in the US (Go, 2013). To understand the common factors that contribute to development of CVD, a study termed as the “Framingham Heart Study” was initiated way back in 1948 (FHS, 2013). At this time, there was very little knowledge on the general causes of heart disease, but there was a rising incidence of CVD in the US and it had almost become ...

Community health assessment for the minority population in Marion County in Indiana, Indianapolis

1) The Cultural Assessment Tool According to the United States Census Bureau, (2012), the total population of Marion County in the year 2011 was 293477 people. The Age Composition of the different populations in Marion County in Indianapolis in the year 2011 was as shown in the following table below.

Age distribution table for the different populations in Indianapolis

Image: US census Bureau (2012) According to STATS (2012), Out of the total population of 293477 of the minority population in Marion County in the year 2011, the minority community populations were as follows, 1) Black population = 27 percent of the population 2) American Indians and Alaska native persons = ...

Literature Review

Physicians always encounter innumerable number of patients with chest pains every day. The cause of these chest pains cannot always be pinpointed to a single health factor. However, veritably a good percentage of these chest pain cases are traced to a wide range of heart diseases. Acute Coronary Syndrome is one such heart disease that has been found to be a possible causation of the chest pains that are incessantly encountered by physicians. Commonly abbreviated as ACS, Acute Coronary Syndrome results in the blockage of some parts or the heart’s entire coronary arteries.

Definition

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is ...

Outline

Introduction

Epidemiologists’ concerns

Reflection on epidemiologists professionals view points

Synopsis of each point of view

Conclusion

Medicine: Public Health Issues Introduction World Health Organization each week publishes a free News letter called, ‘Weekly Epidemiological Records. Pertinent trends in epidemiology are discussed from a professional perspective giving readers insights into how they predict the progress of disease and their effects on the population. In the following pages of this document the writer will highlight some of these concerns relating reflections while a synopsis is developed.

Epidemiologists’ concerns

A recent research regarding the most recent Weekly Epidemiological Records ranging from 4th February to ...