Essays on Pressure

Term Paper

Our respiratory system is composed of the air passages provided by 1) nose, 2) pharynx, 3) larynx and 4) the respiratory surfaces of the lungs. The primary function of this system is ventilation and gas exchange. However, there are certain secondary roles played by this system viz. olfaction, phonation, and stabilization of the thorax during the mechanical exertion and certain other biochemical functions.
Anatomy and physiology of the larynx: Larynx (commonly known as Voice Box) is a part of lower respiratory tract and is the organ for phonation (generation of sounds). Basically, Larynx is an air passage and has Continue reading...

Question 1

Question 2
An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare DRA scores among students receiving phonics training and a control group .There was a significant difference in the scores for the phonics group (M=6.4, SD=1.64) and the control group (M=4.4, SD=1.42); t(18)=2.9, p = .01.

The mean and standard deviations for Degree of Reading Ability (DRA) scores for Year 4 students are presented in table 1.

In the current sample, the difference between the phonics group and the control group was statistically significant; the group receiving phonics training had scored significantly higher on the Degree of Reading Ability test than the group that did not receive the training. As the DRA is a measure reflecting reading fluency, these results indicate Continue reading...

Article Analysis

Abstract
Introduction
Methods
First, all patients were admitted to the trial wards and those who met the inclusion criteria were considered. Secondly, the members were recommended by ward staff to the study nurses. Thirdly, the entry criteria included; age of 65 years and above; the pressure ulcer risk of 15 to 20 based on physiologic, demographic, and disease specific features and consent to regular examination of pressure areas. Also, the members were transferred to the trial beds after their consent was sought. In addition, the exclusion criteria were employed such as obesity greater than 155 kilograms, if the patient Continue reading...

This is the discussion of the results of the anatomy of the urinary system. The report analyses the structure and functions of various organs and cells that are involved in the excretion of toxic material from the body.

Simple cuboidal epithelium of the kidney the

The epithelial cells: are uni-layered, they are square in shape. The nucleus is placed at the centre of theses tissues. They have Squamous cells that are plate like. They appear very thin.
Surface epithelium: have different surface proteins. Facilitate absorption and transportation of filtered materials in the kidney tubes.

Transitional Epithelium of the Bladder

ct = connective tissuelu = lumenrbc = red blood cell (stained bright pink in this Continue reading...

Literature review

Heat transfer and friction characteristics in a square duct roughened by various shaped ribs on one wall [Aliaga, b, 1994]. Liquid crystal thermograph is used to measure local and average heat transfer coefficient of ribbed surface. The ribs height to duct hydraulic diameter ratio is fixed to 0.1. The rib pitch to height ratio varies from 8 to 15 and Reynolds number spans from 8000 to 20,000[Aliaga, b, 1994]. The experiment consists of heat transfer test and pressure test. The test experiment consists of 750mm long smooth duct followed by a rib-roughened section of equal length. Plexiglas Continue reading...

Abstract

Hypertension is a silent killer that afflicts over 77 million people in USA. The prevalence of this disease is higher among African-Americans than other ethnic groups. Especially, more than half of the population of African-American women suffers from hypertension and the associated disorders. Apart from genetic factors, a slew of environmental factors including obesity and lack of activity, diabetes, poor diet, alcohol consumption and stress are contributive to this growing phenomenon among black women. This paper has discussed this issue in more detail along with the recommended interventions necessary to keep this condition under check.

Introduction

Hypertension is a debilitating Continue reading...

Introduction

Decubitus ulcer also referred to as bedsore or pressure sore is an open wound on the skin (Thomas, 2006). Thomas (2006) indicates that the decubitus ulcer mostly occurs on the skin that covers the born areas. Notably, the most common areas for bedsore to appear are; hips, ankles, back and buttocks. Decubitus ulcer are common among the disabled, elderly and those people who spend long periods of time on wheelchairs or bed, and those who are not able to move certain parts of their body without assistance (Thomas, 2006). In keeping with Albert and Spencer (2007), decubitus ulcers/ bedsores Continue reading...

Introduction

The object of the paper is to analyze the above relationship over a range of pressures extending above and below atmospheric pressure.
Data were obtained for the pressure and temperature of a saturated steam-water mixture in equilibrium over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. The “raw” experimental data are given at the end of this document and the apparatus used are described below.

The object of this exercise is to:

a) Use the raw data to produce a table of absolute pressure .v. absolute (thermodynamic) saturation temperature over the whole range of the data provided.
b) Compare this data to equivalent data taken from steam Continue reading...

During my Practicum Experience, I encountered a patient who will be referred to as Elaine in this description. Elaine, at the time of our examination of her, weighed nearly 200 pounds, was 5’7” in height, 35 years of age, and led a sedentary lifestyle. She reported to me and the other nurses that she was a regular smoker, having smoked two packs a day since she was in her early twenties, and also drank three times a week. She has an office job, and as such does not regularly exercise. Her blood pressure was 150 over 95, leading Continue reading...

LAB#7A

Theory and Operation
1. Black Direct Acting Pressure Relief Valve
This lab is used to analyze the action of various values by disassembling and assembling. This valve is used to describe its action in the hydraulic circuits.

Action of Black Direct Acting Pressure Release Value

The relief valve acts as the fuse or circuit breaker in an electric circuit. An electric circuit blows a fuse unless it overloads. The hydraulic circuits allow the relief value to dump. Protecting the pump from the excess pressure is the main function of a relief valve. The direct acting relief value responds quickly to the pressure tries to go and observe Continue reading...

A better understanding of thermodynamics may be achieved by understanding the general molecular structure of matter as it exists in water and steam. Molecules are the smallest amount of the compound material that has complete chemical traits of that element, which can exist. Molecules consist of smaller particles that define basic elements called atoms. Most minerals constituents can exist in solid, liquid and vapor states called phases. The three phases of a substance can only coexist in equilibrium at a given temperature and pressure. In the liquid state, the molecules can move, but they are still one molecular diameter Continue reading...

Meteorology

- Frozen dew differs from frost in the manner it is formed. The frost is formed when temperature is deposited in saturated air and is below the freezing point, whereas dew will only be formed through the condensation process.
- Dew point temperature refers to the temperature where liquid is formed only when the water vapor in air condenses and it gets evaporate simultaneously. Dew point depression is the difference between temperature and the dew point at a particular altitude.
- Dry Adiabatic lapse rate is far greater than Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate because of decrease in temperature drop Continue reading...

Control valves are an important gadget in engineering and the building of structures. Virtually, there are thousands of loops that determine how machines operate. Fundamentally, a valve controls the thermodynamic flow of fluid through regulation of fluid volume and speed. In essence, material flow at every point in the loop is the control using a control valve. In the engineering, there are fluid loops that contain energy transmission fluids, as well as loops containing different materials related to the nature of the end product manufactured. As a matter of fact, besides the structural characteristics that a control valve possesses, Continue reading...

- Stress in the Thin Cylinder Subjected to Internal Pressure
- Discussion on Lab Results
I would like to start with the proverb “Err is Human”. All the scientific experiments conducted in the research lab are always subjected to the errors. Most of the errors are due to the human mistakes while taking the reading, and it was called as the parallax errors. This report may contain the certain types of errors. Now, we can analysis about Table 1 and Table 2.
The table 1 speaks about pressure (N/MM 2) and gauge (ε). If a pressure increases the strain also increases. Continue reading...

Introduction

An engine is a machine designed to transform energy into convenient mechanical motion. Heat engines, including external combustion engines and internal combustion engines, burns fuel to produce heat that then creates motion. This paper discusses petrol and diesel engines and compares the efficiency of the two engines.

Diesel Combustion Engine

A diesel engine, also referred to as compression ignition engine is an engine with internal combustion. It makes use of the heated compression to initiate ignition. Further, it burns fuel that has been injected in the combustion chamber. Diesel engines have the highest thermal efficiency at any standards, external and internal combustion Continue reading...

Instrumental Analysis

Mephedrone molecular structure
Nephyrone molecular structure
There are several structural differences between the three chemical substances that make adrenalin distinguishable from both Mephedrone and Nephyrone. The adrenalin molecular structure has a more stable structure more than both Mephedrone and Nephyrone. The adrenalin structure has an extra OH molecule that makes it distinguishable from the Mephedrone and Nephyrone. Several analytical tests can be used to determine this difference.
There are various chromatographic techniques that can be used to test the purity of the adrenalin tablet. The first method is paper chromatography. This chromatographic method is used to analyze chemicals that Continue reading...

(City, State)

Introduction

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the artery. Measuring the blood pressure is done in mmHg or millimeters of mercury and is given by two numbers. The number on the top shows the maximum pressure that is exerted by the heart while beating also known as systolic pressure. The bottom number shows the quantity of pressure in the arteries between heartbeats also known as the diastolic pressure. The difference that occurs between the top number and the lower one is referred to as the pulse pressure. Heart rate is Continue reading...

Natural gas represents a gases mixture that can be found in the ground and is created by the way of organic substances decomposition of anaerobic character. Typically, this type of gas is a mix of gaseous hydrocarbons, such as butane, ethane, methane, propane, etc., which is found in the earth's crust. It is broadly utilized as a fuel of very economical kind for various power plants in the glass and cement industry, nonferrous and ferrous metallurgy, building materials production and for household needs. It is also used as raw component for various organic compounds.
This type of gas is Continue reading...

Introduction

The authenticity of atmospheric and vacuum pressure is evident since period of Galileo and hypotheses and experiments related to those subjects was considered in ancient times. This period of 17th century was crucial for the vacuum science as for many other scientific fields. Many researchers worked on the same theory including, Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle and Blaise Pascal (Calcatelli 2013).
The rising demands on accuracy in result require constant calibration. According to Rucki, Barisic & Varga (2010) , metrological properties of the measuring tools, is significant. Sometimes it appears difficult to calibrate parameters of pressure gauge, because its gauging array Continue reading...

Article Analysis: “Data Collection Mode and Social Desirability Bias in Self-Reported Religious Attendance”

In this article, Stanley Presser (University of Maryland) and Linda Stinson (Bureau of Labor Statistics) research inaccurate data in regards to whether or not self-administered studies and time usage reports are beneficial to studies.  In this report, the researchers investigate religious service attendance numbers and how truthful people are when it comes to self-administered studies.
One would imagine that people would tell the truth and fear no judgement during a typical “interview” style of collecting data. However, when the participants in these studies on religious ceremony attendances were asked questions during a typical interview-administered style, their attendance numbers were Continue reading...

Statistics in Medicine is one of the tools for analyzing experimental data and clinical observations, as well as the language with which to communicate the mathematical results. However, this is not the only task of statistics in medicine. Mathematical apparatus is widely used for diagnostic purposes, solving classification problems and finding new patterns for the formulation of new scientific hypotheses. Using statistical programs requires knowledge of basic methods and statistical analysis phases: their sequence, necessity and sufficiency. The proposed statement of the main emphasis is not on a detailed understanding of the formulas that make up the statistical methods, Continue reading...

Yoga refers to the body and mind practice that originated from the Indian philosophy. This technique involves the combination of breathing techniques, relaxation and physical postures. This healing system is helpful in the reduction of pain as well as improving the function. This technique is associated with reducing heart rate as well as reducing blood pressure. Yoga is effective in relieving stress and boosting the mood of the patient. The patient will also be able to gain confidence and to be calm.
In relation to health and illness, yoga helps the patient to improve the flow of blood in Continue reading...

Shock is also called “vascular collapse” and can be a result of assault on body’s homeostasis. Such assaults can be profuse hemorrhage, severe trauma or burns, extensive myocardial infarction, massive pulmonary embolism, or uncontrolled bacterial sepsis. In particular, the “hypovolemic shock is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid loss make the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working”.
Here we will be elaborating on Hypovolemic Shock, which is a result of hemorrhage or body fluid loss. The principle mechanisms involved are inadequate Continue reading...

Norms are a collection of beliefs on how a certain group of people should behave. They are elements that are considered as informal understanding that governs individuals and the behavior of the society. Ideally, social norms are behaviors and prompts that exist in a society. Amplified efforts to establish social norms within a human being are regarded as the most effective activities of the society. This is because they approve and disapprove the different ways through which people carry do things, talk, and dress (Cherry, 2013). However, these norms are different due to the different societies that exist in Continue reading...

Weather is referred as atmospheric conditions that may be warm or cold, clear or cloudy, wet or dry, and calm or stormy. These weather conditions occur in the lowest part of the earth’s atmosphere called troposphere. It is variations in day to day temperature that characterize weather and its conditions. In this essay, we strive to know weather, its causes and effects, and weather forecasting and weather modification efforts.
When the term weather is referred; it is earth's weather and it differs from climate that refers to average weather conditions which sustain for a longer period. Causes of Continue reading...

The sociological strategy toward social problems varies from other approaches in that the sociological strategy has a focus on self-consciousness and building attention that causes outside of the single person's control or area of command can frequently influence the interaction with community. Certain problems in consideration are more essential, than other problems due to a sociological viewpoint that obtained popularity in the 1960 was “Social Constructionism” (Mooney, Knox & Schacht, 2012). This viewpoint states, when attempting to describe why community places more importance on some problems rather than others that “they (the issues) become real only when they are subjectively Continue reading...

Standardized testing is a system whereby learners sit for the same test, and are subjected to similar conditions for taking the test. The requirements and qualifications to sit for a standard test are similar for all persons taking the test. Standardized testing system has been implemented in the American school system for some time. This method of testing has had both criticism and applause from different stakeholders in the system. However, students and pupils who sit for the tests have not been engaged in consultations. This essay presents a reflection from a personal view as a student on standardized Continue reading...

1. Introduction
The electrical energy is generated to bring some development to the world. The electrical energy lights the world during night time. People can do their work even during night time without any disturbance because the electrical energy replaces the sun during night time. The energy is neither be created nor be destroyed. The electrical energy is generated by converting other form of energy. Generally mechanical energy is converted in to electrical energy. The electrical energy is generated by different methods; say hydro thermal energy generation, diesel power generation, gas power generation, and nuclear power generation. The nuclear Continue reading...

Lab Experiment 2: The Pressure Law

Introduction:
The Pressure Law is essential to know characteristics of gases. This law relates pressure of the gas with the absolute temperature of the gas. In this lab report Pressure law has been discussed with an experiment carried out in laboratory. Purpose of this experiment was to measure the number of moles (n) of air enclosed in a tube using the pressure law and to measure the absolute zero of temperature.

Theory:

Pressure P of a given amount of gas (n moles) is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when volume remains a constant.
The universal gas law is PV = Continue reading...

Use of a standard language in nursing for the nursing care documentation is very crucial to the bedside or direct care nurse and the nursing profession. The American Nurses Association currently approves thirteen standardized nursing languages to direct care. Ten of these languages are specifically for the nursing care. In the course of delivering nursing services, all the nurses need to have a common means of expression and communication. They need to agree over a common terminology when describing interventions, outcomes, and interventions related to the specific documentation. By doing this, nurses all over the world are able to Continue reading...

Introduction

In this self-reflection paper, I discuss how I’ve undergone development with respect to sexuality based on cultural, familial and peer influences. This discussion will draw from various scholarly sources on sexuality and human development.

An Overview of my yester to current years

I was brought up in a Catholic home and the subject of sexuality in that setting was not talked about at all. I have a sister who is two years older than me and we were taught not to have sex until when we get married. I can recall that there were no discussions on sex or birth control or relationship matters. Interestingly, my Continue reading...

People have been using lift for already more than a hundred years. Lift – is a component of the aerodynamic force which is perpendicular to the vector of the velocity of the motion of an object in the steam of liquid or of a gas which results from asymmetry of the body flow by a stream. It occurs at the motion of any object in the air, if the object has a shape conducive to this (the wing, for example).
Air flow around the wing is divided into two streams: over the wing and under it. Lower flow steams in Continue reading...

Drafting is a term used when water supply is raised from a source that is static and supplied to a pumper. There are several static water sources like ponds, rivers, lakes and others.
This Standard Operating Procedure aims at training fire officers from the different departments in the process of drafting, which is an essential skill in seeking to pupm water from places with only static sources. The training SOP should be followed very strictly in order to avoid accidents that could be fatal at the drafting site.

The following steps and procedures were used when training officers in this skill:

- Preparation.
Officers are trained how to prepare for the process Continue reading...

Introduction:

Airfoil design and selection is an important deciding factor in aircraft performance. Airfoil is a term used to describe the cross section of the aircraft wings. By observing birds in flight, man has understood that flat plates, resembling bird’s wings can produce the necessary lift to set the aircraft flying. However the actual importance of airfoil in designing the wings of the aircraft was recognized only in 1800. Since then many engineers have designed, tested and patented a number of variations in airfoil pattern. Over the years, there has been a remarkable advancement in technology of airfoil construction Continue reading...

CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY AND DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS

The causes for chronic venous insufficiency are attributed to three types of abnormalities. First one being the varicosity of veins second is the incompetence of the valves which are responsible for a unidirectional flow in the veins and third is the deep vein abnormalities. Formerly it was also known as post phlebitic syndrome post thrombotic syndrome depending on its remote cause (Weiss, n. a). However in some patients the cause could be attributed to congenital absence of the valves.
Varicose veins are dilatation, tortuosity and elongation of the veins. It can occur as a result of occupational hazard, prolonged Continue reading...

Introduction

According to Huether (2012), venous insufficiency is a medical condition characterized by the inability of the veins of the lower extremities to effectively push blood back to the inferior vena cava. The venous blood evades its normal antegrade flow path and refluxes down the veins in the lower segments resulting to lower limb venous congestion. Syndromes in this condition are mostly due to valvular incompetence common in the low pressure superficial venous system, although they may also be due to incompetence of the valves in the deep venous systems.

Pathophysiology of CVI

The failure of the valves of superficial veins is attributed Continue reading...

Introduction

Hypertension is one of the most common clinical conditions that afflict most people regardless of country or race. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease, which means that it is not acquired through contact although mounting evidence through numerous studies suggests that the disease can be genetic or hereditary. In layman’s term, hypertension is commonly associated with high-blood pressure although in a medical perspective, hypertension is quite difficult to define. The definition of hypertension is quite arbitrary depending on factors such as age as well as the level of blood pressure that is normal for a person, which varies among Continue reading...

The study of Jonestown is one that is scary as well as intriguing. Learning about the movement of such a group of people to follow one person is extremely interesting and it is one that is never truly observed on this scale very often. This paper looks at the movie Jonestown as well as the theories which have been taught in class. I look to apply these theories to the movie over the next few pages. The psychological idea that will take most of my time is that of conformity, this idea is one that is obvious when discussing Continue reading...

A wound can be described in several ways i.e. by its aetiology, anatomical location or whether it is acute or chronic. However, these definitions, serve a critical role in the assessment and proper management of the wounds. An actual account, its definition can be broken down into the skin’s protective functions: continuous epithelium loss with or without connective tissues being loosed. This is as a result of an injury caused to the skin by either surgery, blow, cut or even chemicals. A wound can also be said to be any type of an injury that causes harm to Continue reading...

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- The symptoms for a myocardial infarction (heart attack) are different in men and women, as in women the symptoms can be discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach followed by shortness of breath, or breaking out in cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, or light headedness. In men the symptoms are different as compared to women such as serious chest pain often related with heart attacks, heart beating at a rapid rate, change Continue reading...