Essays on Withdrawal

Opiates refer to groups of drugs that are derived from poppy seeds usually found in Asia. In medicine field, the term opiate refers only to the narcotic opioid alkaloids extracted as natural products from the opium poppy plant known as Papaver somniferum (Earhart). These drugs have a high potential of being abused by users and are known to bock pain temporarily. It is very difficult for someone who uses opiates regularly to avoid getting hooked up by the use of drugs. The prescription of opiates is mostly in pill form although some like heroin can be a powder that is ...

Question 1: evidence of substance abuse disorder

According to DSM-IV TR for substance abuse and substance dependence, the patient has to show a maladaptive pattern of substance misuse which leads to clinical distress or impairment. The patient has to show recurrent use of substance which leads to his or her failure to accomplish most responsibilities at home or at work. The patient can also show recurrent use of substance even in physically hazardous circumstances. Despite having consistent interpersonal or social problems that are a result of or are exacerbated by the use of substance, the patient shows continued use of substance. From the above criteria, Steve in the ...

Why are babies, who are born to drug-addicted mothers, more likely to abuse drugs as teens and how can this be prevented?

Introduction

The term ‘Mothering’ is a manifestation of all the best practices constituted in the well being of a child. The way mothers perform this behavior is largely influenced by the social norms, rituals and myths. Then, the outcome of Mothering is an amalgamation of social, economic and political influences reflected in the character of a child. Hence mothers should be really concerned about how they raise their children and who is accountable for them. Family and household further extend support to the mothers as mothers alone cannot provide for all the needs of the children. It is the family and society ...

Abstract

The research paper discusses the origin and nature of methadone, including the historical aspect of its development and further commercial and scientific use. The paper also describes the pharmacology of methadone, including the route of administration of the drug, its metabolism and its mechanism of action. Next section of the paper explains the experience in medical use of methadone, as it`s a great alternative to the painkillers based on the opiates, it plays a major role in the therapy of maintaining and replacement and treating the withdrawals syndromes. The positive effects on the pregnant patients are also described here with a ...

Assignment 1: CHCAOD408B and CHCAOD411A

Assignment 1: CHCAOD408B and CHCAOD411A 1. What are you required to discuss with a client prior to an assessment? Although the exact sequence for preparing a client for an assessment might vary across different organisations, the personal/organisational introduction should always be the first step because it allows us to engage in small talk, establish rapport, and it makes the client feel comfortable. However, in addition to establishing rapport, this phase of the meeting also serves for the purpose of observing the client’s reactions and behaviours. Examples of presenting behaviours in clients with a history of alcohol or other drug ( ...

This paper provides an insight on reactive attachment disorder (RAD) that is commonly experienced in children. Symptoms relating to this condition are described in relation to the two types of RAD. In addition, the paper covers the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of the condition. Details regarding epidemiology of RAD are discussed. Consequently, information is provided on how to distinguish RAD from other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which may have certain similarities to RAD.

Keywords: Reactive attachment disorder, care-giver.

Introduction

Reactive attachment disorder is commonly referred to as RAD. According to Elzouki et al. (2011), reactive attachment disorder ...

Afghanistan occupation: Take a pro or con position on whether the US should pull out of Afghanistan as it is today.

Thesis statement

Public opinion in the United States of America is for the government to withdraw American troops from Afghanistan. I will not support the pulling out of the troops out of Afghanistan.

Introduction

There was information from the White House regarding a statement on the status of the available negotiations between Afghanistan and the United States of America with the main intention of keeping the troops in Afghanistan after the year 2014. The White House and the Pentagon have been advocating for a ...

(Course/Major)

On the 15th of December 2011, American troops lowered the US flag from their base in Baghdad, signaling the end of the American military and peacekeeping mission in Iraq. After a year short of a decade of military missions in the country, the dismantling of the regime of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein as well as the explosion of sectarian violence and civil disturbances, the situation was further aggravated by the continuing involvement of the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization. In this light, the official departure of American troops from Iraq, and the cessation of active US participation in keeping the peace ...

In medical terminology, the term “addiction” is used to refer to the state in which the body becomes physiologically dependent on a substance and the mind becomes psychologically dependent on a substance, such drug substances. Removal of these drug substances usually causes withdrawal symptoms in people who are dependent on them. Addiction on drug substances can be both physiological and psychological, and despite the distinction between these two forms of addiction, they tend to overlap. Physiological dependence on a drug substance refers to the state in which someone becomes so dependent on the substance that characteristic withdrawal symptoms begin to appear ...

Lorazepam

Introduction Depression of the central nervous system (CNS) has been a vital technical know-how in the cure of anxiety, increase of sedation, decrease in tension, and curing of insomnia through enhancement of sleep. Similarly, depression of the CNS is believed to produce a continuum effect in the generation of anesthesia and loss of consciousness, which aid in alleviating anxiety (Aschenbrenner &Venable, 2009). In light with this, there are a variety of effects associated with the depression of the CNS, and they are largely attributed to the drugs used as a depressant. Dosage and the route of administration are the core determinants in ...

Crystal methamphetamine or crystal meth is a drug that people take by inhaling through the nose, smoking, oral method, or injecting by use of a needle. People refer to the drug as crystal meth when the drug is in its crystal form. This drug creates a false sense of excitement, confidence, hyperactive and energy (Buxton & Dove, 2008). Consequently, the drug can cause rapid weight loss experienced after consuming the drug six weeks continuously. This paper examines the history of crystal meth, the history of addiction treatment options and explains the evolution of withdrawal symptoms of drug. Iritani (2007) traces the use ...

Marijuana use by teenagers in the 10th and 12th grade increased from 14.2% and 18.8% in 2007 to 17.0% and 22.9% in 2012 respectively. A continued abuse of prescription and OTC drugs also continued to rise, especially on the use stimulants and pain relievers. While marijuana and medical drugs showed consistent and, other times, escalating use, other drugs of abuse such as inhalants, cocaine and MDMA (ecstasy) decreased in all. Alcohol use among teenagers, on the other hand, showed a slight increase in 2012. Cigarettes, though peaked around 1997, continued to decrease until now. Both cigarettes (17.1%) and marijuana (22.9%) ...

Introduction

According to the American Medical Association (AMA), alcohol addiction or alcohol dependence is defined as a primary, chronic disease with psychological, genetic, and environmental factors influencing its manifestations and development.

Description

Alcohol addiction is characterized by: - Lack of ability to control use of alcohol - An extended period of heavy, frequent alcohol use - Physical dependence manifested by withdrawal symptoms when the individual stops using alcohol - A variety of legal and social problems arising from the use of alcohol - The need or tolerance to use more and alcohol to achieve the same effects ...

Development Through Operant or Classical Conditioning

Phobias and Addictions: Development Through Operant or Classical Conditioning How and why phobias and addictions develop are a continual area of research for psychologists and their colleagues in related fields. While many theories exist as to why people have phobias or become addicted, including genetic predisposition and others, the roles of classical conditioning and operant conditioning in the conditions of phobias and addictions is an important area to explore because it provides more information on why the conditions exist and new possibilities in treatment. Phobias can be developed through classical conditioning and addictions can be developed through operant ...

The Rise of Prescription Painkiller:

OxyContin was developed by Purdue Pharma L.P., pharmaceutical company in Stamford, Connecticut. A controlled-release formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride, OxyContin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1995 for treatment of moderate to severe pain; it was designed to give a sustained release of its active ingredient, oxycodone, over a period of twelve hours (Pacheco, 2002)

OxyContin History and Growth Background

OxyContin has been placed in Schedule II of Controlled Substances Act of 1970, indicating that while it is very effective, there is still a risk of addiction. It carries a safety warning called the “black box” cautioning users not to crush, ...

Abstract

Caffeine is a widely-used drug that modifies the psychological condition of the consumers. At high doses, it causes various caffeine-related symptoms such as agitation, as well as the restless legs syndrome. Since caffeine is a habit forming drug, it allows the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. It also alters sleep patterns in accordance with the consumed daily caffeine dose. Although its arousal of the central nervous system can induce pleasant effects at relatively lower doses, caffeine can impair concentration and attention at increased doses. The present study, therefore, examines the various adverse effects of consuming caffeine at high doses. The ...

Single-subject designs are a research method that test for an independent variable in a small number of subjects, typically one. The method is thought to have originated from behavioral psychology and is preferred for experiments involving behavioral change or modification because the outcomes are tested periodically from the beginning of the experiment to the end. Single-subject designs include at least one phase where there is no treatment and one phase where there is treatment. The test subjects, therefore, act as their own control. Single-subject designs are relevant where behavioral change needs to be observed, as one can not only measure the ...

The Hazards of Nicotine and Cigarette Smoking

Smoking and Its Effects: The Hazards of Nicotine and Cigarette Smoking Background The Tobacco Industry Tobacco first came to be known when Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, received tobacco leaves as a gift from American Indians and brought it to Europe in the 1400’s. From that time to the early 1700’s, tobacco became widely popular increasing its value to that of gold and using it even as a medium of trade. The 16th-19th century saw the constant bloom of the Tobacco Industry then only producing and selling cigars. But it was in the early 20th century ...

Psychology

Abstract Nicotine is an alkaloid existing naturally in tobacco products. It is highly addictive, and intake cessation is often marred by high relapse rates. Multiple sources of literature document the adverse health effects that nicotine dependence has on the body, including cancer, mental illness and coronary diseases. This paper explores the psychological factors behind the prevalence and severity of nicotine addiction. Section one provides an overview of the concept of nicotine addiction and the reason for its pervasiveness. Section two elaborates the psychological development of nicotine dependence, indicating the thought processes and personal motivations behind the use of ...

Caffeine is the most pervasively used psychoactive and widely used mood-altering drug in the world. The fact that caffeine is not regulated implies, this drug does not have severe effects. It is clear that the coffee, tea and other beverages that contain caffeine result in addictions. Research indicates that the caffeine is extremely addictive, with ability to cause conditions of intoxication, withdrawal, and dependence. The addiction arises from its ability to induce sleep, decrease pain, and fatigue, boost memory, and promote anxiety. Caffeine helps in sustaining duration, maximizes effort, and increases speed during endurance events. It has not been ...

- Most frighteningly, because many of these painkillers cause slow breathing and because teens have a tendency to mix painkillers, they can even cause teens to die. - Of course the primary effect painkillers have on teens is to make pain subside. - The lucid effect painkillers provide also encourages teens to use them recreationally. - Over half of teens using painkillers do not actually need them, but only use them as a source to get high. - Continuous use of painkillers to get high may be thought to be harmless by some but it is not. ...

Therefore it Should be Illegal

Coffee has become the liquid gold of the world; in the article, “Coffee as a Social Drug,” it is clearly stated that coffee is a globalized drug; therefore coffee should be declared illegal and taken from the market. The first warm drink that almost all children are exposed to is chocolate and as he or she gets older and enter adolescences he or she is introduced to coffee. Once presented, with coffee a lifelong intimate relationship is formed and going without it is unthinkable. Coffee is the one drug that does not have any social barrier; the rich enjoys it and ...

Drug Abuse or Substance Abuse also called chemical abuse leads to disorder which is characterized with vicious pattern of substance usage leading to distress and significant problems. Over 7% of the population is affected by Drug abuse in their lifetime. These days, many teenagers engage themselves in drug abuse especially Narcotics (Drug prescribed for severe pain relief) and stimulating medications for treating disorder like attention deficit and narcolepsy (“Dryden-Edwards”).

Drugs Abuse and Types of Drugs

If ingesting a substance causes feeling of euphoria (high) then that substance can be abused. There are many legal and illegal drugs which people are well aware of but there are ...

The petitioner in this case, Sherry Burt, a Warden at a Michigan correctional facility moved to the Supreme Court challenging the decision of the United States Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals and seeking a writ of certiorari against the decision. The matters that came up for consideration at the Supreme Court involved weighty constitutional issues namely whether the Sixth Circuit gave an appropriate deference to the state trial court decision in Michigan as enshrined in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. The second constitutional issue that was subject to determination by the court in this case related to the ...

Students studying abroad are bound to undergo an adjustment period as they attempt to adjust to their new surroundings. When a student goes abroad to study, there are many changes they will encounter in their new country that were not accustomed previously. This change of lifestyle is known as culture shock, as students can experience different challenges while trying to adapt to their new countries and schools. The following paper is designed to discuss a survey of the impacts of culture shock on students when studying abroad, and their coping strategies. The survey was conducted using SurveyMonkey and consisted of 10 ...

This study examines the individual personality differences in young adults’ shyness. For a long period, developmental psychologists have focused on shyness in children. Growing evidence of shyness in young adults, especially in college and university levels has prompted researchers to delve deeper into the development of shyness in young adults and how it can be avoided. Shyness in young adults could be genetically predisposed or could be as a result of environmental consequences. The best means of tackling shyness in young adults (in colleges and universities) require synergy between instructors and parents (guardians). Young adults who are shy have always been ...

Wd Count: 1472

Introduction

Dextropropoxyphene is a drug used as a painkiller. The mild opioid can alleviate long-term or short-term pains. Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid that is a morphine-related drug. It acts on the neural system in the spine and the brain and hence relieves pain. The drug has been available for use by blending it with other drugs or on its own. In the recent past, use of the drug has been rejected by several countries, among them Australia, because of safety reasons. In Australia, the drug has been recently in March 2012 following discoveries that Dextropropoxyphene can cause changes in the electrical activity ...

In the news report “US Students suffering from Internet addiction: study,” Walden Siew frames his argument for children becoming addicted to the Internet around a study inferring that withdrawal symptoms were experienced by those who went without media for a 24-hour period. His claim is that young people have become so attached to mobile devices and the Internet that they have trouble coping when they are without it. The causal reasoning is that since the Internet is such a large component in the lives of young people, they are not able to function well without it. The article itself is somewhat ...

People experiment with drugs for various reasons. Some try it because of curiosity, peer pressure, for relaxation, to improve performance in sports, relieve stress, or some serious personal problems. Using illegal drugs does not equate to abuse, but prolonged use does. Substance abuse and dependence can lead to behavioral, mental, and physical changes involving attention, perception, and judgment of the individual.

Substance abuse is a "pattern of harmful use of any substance for mood-altering purposes" (Buddy). It pertains to abuse and misuse of prescription drugs or over-the-counter medicines "for purposes other than those for which they are indicated ...

Suboxone is a combination drug, administered sublingually, of buprenorphine HCL and naloxone HCl dehydrate in a ratio of 4:1, used for the treatment of opioid addiction, for example in heroin addicts and narcotic painkiller abuse, in higher doses; and in lower doses is used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain (FDA, 2010). Buprenorphine is a μ receptor partial agonist and a κ receptor antagonist; naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist, which has a higher affinity for μ receptors then full agonists do and can thus displace the full agonist from the receptor reversing the effects of opiate overdose, such as respiratory and ...

Smoking is an addictive habit that leads to many health problems to the addict and the people around him or her. Currently, the number of people who smoke in the world is very, World Health Organization estimates the figure to be around half a billion. People start smoking due to various reasons; some are introduced to smoking habits by prevailing circumstances, others are introduced to it at their tender ages when they see and emulate the elderly people around them smoking. However, the most common reason why people start smoking is peer influence and bad company. This is where someone ...

BergonetteLaporte

Abstract The habit of addiction to drugs and alcohol among the youth affect their future career. Drug addiction also leads to spreading deadly infectious diseases as well since drug addicts are more likely to use same needles to administer drugs to feel a quicker and intensive high. Since youngsters around the world are more susceptible to drug addiction, nations are threatened with huge loss in human capital and productivity. A person’s Physical appearance and behavior patterns reveal to others his addiction. Addiction is a serious social problem since an addicted person, through his crimes and other actions, in fact, ...

Introduction

The United Nations (UN) estimates that the number of amphetamine abusers to be between 13-53 million globally and most of them are between 15-64 years old. Amphetamines are a group of psychoactive drugs that induce a stimulant effect on users. However, they are associated with a high level of psychological dependence and potential for both mental and physical toxicity-related problems (Sevak, William, and Rush). Being body stimulants, amphetamine's abuse has potential for adverse effects on the abuser. Amphetamines elicit both mental and physical symptoms in active users and those on withdrawal/rehabilitation. Some of the side effects of amphetamine abuse include behavioral ...

Brief History

Controversies regarding the use of methadone have been existent over the past three decades. The use of the drug has received praise and condemnation in equal measure. The controversies have been persistent especially due to misinformation on the part of the various parties concerned; the addicts and their families, sponsors, physicians and ethnic leaders. Staff who are meant to guide addicts need to get the right information on the level of safety. The recent past has seen an increase in the number of methadone-related deaths. This is especially so in the use of the drug in combination with ...

Question 1

Nevertheless, a definition of features of a nation that has the right to self-determination, is not universally accepted. It is rather a reference point that is used by UNESCO. Nevertheless, they are the most common features. Thus, people that wants to exercise its right to self-determination is likely to have to prove its right. In addition, recognition by the world community of a nation is rather a political decision than has a legal status. As I can see, for the people in the southern region it is possible to exercise their right when they choose their political status, the scope of their participation in ...

Introduction

Stem cell research has brought remarkable potential in cell growth in early life and growth. Stem cell offers the potential of addressing certain problems that humans face. The understanding of basic mechanisms of stem cell research aids human development and differentiation. Such an approach is vital in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, spinal cord injury and other terminal illnesses (Lo and Parham, 2009). The stem cells research has generated many ethical research issues. Ethical debates on stem cell research continue to dominate the political scene. One of the major issues relating to informed consent touches on ...

- Introduction Training and development is involved with activities carried by an organization that are focused on improving the performance of employees. Training and development falls under the human resource department of any organization. These training and development activities include educational programs such as mentorship programs, training, coaching and workshops. They help to motivate and inspire employees and to bring the best out of them. Training and development have for long been understood to be only focused on looking developing new ways of production and improving service provision but not thought of as means to improving employees attachment ...

Anabolic steroids can have a positive effect on health in patients who suffer from impaired hormone secretion or progressive disorders that waste tissue, but because they are associated with substance abuse and a variety of physiological and psychological disorders, anabolic steroids are controlled substances. Obtaining, selling, or possession of anabolic steroids without a prescription illegal in most countries, and all major sports organizations prohibit the use of steroids for enhancing performance. However, legalizing steroids could have positive effects on public health because implementing appropriate quality control and health education regarding steroids could reduce the instances of myocardial infarctions, viral infections, liver disorders, ...

Introduction 3

Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy 3 Summary of Model 4 Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 6 Medication Treatment Approaches 7 Medication Assessment Treatment 8 Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 11 Therapeutic Modality use with a patient with a Substance Disorder 11 Ethical, legal, Individual and Socio-Cultural Implications 12 Conclusion 12

References: 13

Addiction Treatments Introduction In the past, there were times when the society actually looked at drug addiction as some kind of a flaw that was moral. Research shows that popular "treatments" did things much different than they did today. For instance, it involved ...

Introduction

MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is commonly referred to as “ecstasy” or “molly”. In recent years, this substance has gained a lot of popularity; and has become the drug of choice for recreational purposes among the adolescents and the adults. Beneath the widespread popularity of the drug, there is a belief that it is a safe drug with no toxicity, but this is not the case. Individuals who take MDMA often report that it gives them a sense of euphoria, minimal or no inhibitions, or increased sensuality (Hahn, 2013). The drug has various psychoactive properties that can make an individual addictive to its use. The ...

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Abstract

Marijuana is a psychoactive drug derived from a variety of hemp, which contains the greatest amount of substance (cannabis). In nature, there are approximately 60 cannabinoids, the most effective of which - delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. There are three main types of cannabis: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis, the latter contains the least amount of THC. There is also a huge number of hybrids that combine both sativa, and indica. The regulation and the legal status of cannabis as a narcotic substance in many countries around the world based on the laws governing its cultivation, transportation, sale and use. ...

The end of the Vietnam War had a great impression on my political opinion because of the controversy that surrounded the war and the fact that it created a major rift between the government and the American citizens. The war that lasted almost 10 years cost billions of dollars, the lives of 58,282 American soldiers and left 303,644 American soldiers wounded. The war defined a generations, divided Americans and changed the U.S. military policy and operation. Americans opposed the involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam and by 1970 less than 30% of the citizens supported the war leading to ...

Abstract

This paper attempts to persuade young adults to refrain from or to quit smoking. It mentions the reasons why young people should quit smoking, and touches on the harmful effects of this practice. It outlines the powerful effects of nicotine and why this substance makes it difficult for people to break the smoking habit, even though they are fully aware of the adverse effects on their health. Despite the high level of public awareness in the United States about the harmful effects of smoking, tobacco consumption remains the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United ...

Alcoholism is both a health and social issue that needs to be regulated or treated when necessary. Although the Alcoholic Anonymous support group was founded in 1935, the issue of alcohol abuse did not capture the attention of the US government until the second half of the 20th century when they started providing funds for rigorous scientific research on the physiological and psychological mechanisms responsible for the development of the disorder (Longabaugh & Magill, 2011). Today, pharmacological research is directed towards understanding the pathophysiology of alcoholism to develop suitable treatments while psychological research aims to understand the role of external factors ...

Addiction is a dangerous chronic disease which comes in many forms such as drug use, gambling habits, sexual behaviors, the addiction to food and the desire to have an abundance of money that is obtained by any means. Addiction has created destruction in many families, crumbled prosperous lives and has even ended in the death of the addict, Is there a cure for an addict. The answer is no however it can be managed by empowering the addict with knowledge of the disease, taking actions to control the addiction and treating the disease. 2.The difference between addiction and dependency. ...

Abstract

Methamphetamine, known to the world in various names such as “crank” or simply “meth”, is notable for having severe effects similar to that of marijuana. While it is reported and proven to be capable of treating several psychological and physical disorders, the known stimulant is capable of producing heavy complications in terms of a users’ physical, neurological, psychological and social nature that may be difficult to heal. In terms of its effects to children, parents and pregnant women; the effects of methamphetamine vary. However, heavy physical, behavioral and social disorders would be visible to these groups since methamphetamine can cause ...

Cocaine is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. The drug stimulates the nervous system. It was first introduced as an anesthetic in medicine. The drug is usually snorted and enters the blood through the nasal membrane. Administration can also done through injection into the blood. The injected form of cocaine reacts faster in the body than the snorted one.

Crack is a strain of cocaine that is smoked as opposed to snorting. It reacts rapidly in the body and is processed from cocaine hydrochloride. It usually occurs in the form of rocks, chunks or chips. Most users prefer ...

Summary of the Article

The article discusses the importance of price elasticity of demand level in the economy in determining tax imposed on tobacco. A household survey conducted in the UK reveals that a whopping 10.2 million of the population were cigarette consumers in 2007. Policy makers are showing increasing focus on promoting public health and attempting to discourage tobacco consumption by imposing stringent tax on tobacco. Tax on tobacco has been increased considerably in the last decade in order to reduce the number of tobacco consumers in the country. However, the effectiveness of higher tax on tobacco will be determined by price elasticity ...

The physical and mental effects of alcohol

Introduction There are three main theories when it comes to the development of addiction. These are the disease/genetic theory, environmental and the academic theory. This is a research on the effect that alcohol has on the body and brain leading to addiction.

The physical and mental effects of psychoactive drugs

Alcohol like other psychoactive drugs affects the brain mostly. It interferes with the transmission of impulses in the brain and the central nervous system. Alcohol is able to penetrate the protective wall of the capillaries that surround the nerve cells of the central nervous system. The brain and the protective wall are fatty alcohol is fat soluble ...

Introduction to Personality

Introduction to Personality Introduction This paper is devoted to the discussion of Veronica’s and Edward’s personalities from Paulo Coelho narrative Veronica Decides to Die. The personalities of the main characters were discussed form the psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and humanistic perspectives. The main concepts of three approaches to psychological research were discussed with regard to the practical implementation to the main characters’ personalities. A particular attention was paid to the analysis of the main concepts of each theory applicable to a certain occurrence. This paper is focused on the personality development. The aspects influencing the development of the ...

1.0 Introduction

Marijuana is scientifically known as Cannabis sativa and has been in use for about 4,000 years. Cannabis sativa belongs to in the Cannabaceae family and is an annual herbaceous plant . However it was not officially analyzed and the active ingredients isolated until 1964 when two Israeli biochemists R. Mechoulam and Y. Gaoni analyzed it. Cannabis contains cannabinoids as the primary chemicals which include cannabichromene,cannabinol, cannabigerol, cannabidiol, cannabinolidic acids and a number of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) isomers. The principal psychoactive ingredient present in marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC). It has been traditionally used as a stimulant, a hallucinogen and a depressant for recreational, medicinal ...

The Vietnam War of the 1960s was a protracted, unpopular war that experienced a lot of media coverage and local resistance. The enemy was no longer an official military force, but a group of guerilla warriors who deployed unconventional tactics to defeat American soldiers. The Iraq war carries a substantial number of similarities, from the unpopularity of the war to the level of media coverage it received. In this paper, the similarities and differences of the two conflicts are raised, indicating that they should have a similar outcome (the withdrawal of American troops from the region).

The Wars in both Vietnam and Iraq are ...

Imagine a drug so powerful it can make you calm down from your most pressing panic attack. What’s more, it can also get you high, or enhance the high you already have. Not only that, you can get it from your doctor and pick it up at your local pharmacy. Alprazolam, otherwise known as Xanax, is a type of benzodiazepine prescribed to many people throughout the world. Released in 1981, it is meant to deal with panic attacks and anxiety disorders, calming the patient through releasing itself as a sedative and muscle relaxant. Xanax abuse is rampant in this country, ...

Drug abuse has become a worldwide issue, where each and every nation is struggling to control and prevent the ever increasing rate of drugs and substance abuse. As of today, the issue has become part of debate in almost all communities and nations in the world, and the question on who should take charge and how these issues should be solved without major effects on the society at large, has also raised more concern.

Drug and substance abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of frequent use of a certain drug substance, which is not considered dependent (Abadinsky, 2010). While this definition may ...

Many people who suffer from a substance addiction also suffer from a mental health problem at the same time and the difficulties they are faced with far outweigh the effects of either alone. Often, only one of the two problems is identified and that depends on the primary problems treated where the diagnosis is given and which problem is most prominent. When one of the problems is severe it may eclipse the other problems the individual is suffering from.

Although one problem may be considered primary and the rest secondary, this does not mean that the individual isn’t experiencing serious ...

Nixon was elected the president of United States of America 1968 on the promise that he would take a different approach to end the Vietnam War. Consequently, halting American engagement in Vietnam was his greatest challenge. Having known that Vietnam Wars was his greatest burden, Nixon explored diplomatic options that attracted positive public opinions. He orchestrated a peace talk that led to the withdrawal of US soldiers from Vietnam. This reduced the number of American casualties in the war. The war ended in 1974 when the South Vietnamese forces were defeated by the North Vietnamese troops (Young & Buzzanco, 2002).

Whether ...

1. Preventive practices for Lyme disease

Lyme disease is the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the U.S and Europe yet it is highly preventable by simple, safe and cost effective strategies. The most effective method of preventing the disease is avoiding tick-infested places. Never the less, since this may not be possible other preventive practices for lime disease include using insect repellant chemicals, using personal protective clothes (this could include light-colored clothes to enhance detection of ticks and clothes that cover as much skin as possible), regularly checking the body and clothing for ticks and quickly removing them, applying acaricides on animals and property, ...

BEHAVIORAL INFORMATION

Maryanne arrived at the testing session in comfortable attire (jeans, a sweater and a scarf), and appeared to be a person of good hygiene. She is a lady of average height and weight, and wrote using her left hand. She talked politely, initiated conversations and was elaborate when answering questions. Maryanne did not appear anxious or nervous at any moment in the whole testing session; she was attentive and seemed to easily understand tasks and directions. There was no evidence that Maryanne had any delusions or hallucinations and her motivation for testing was good, therefore, the tests can be considered a valid assessment of ...

- United State Interest in Afghanistan

The Afghanistan war was conducted by the American soldiers in a bid to stamp out the terrorist group of al Qaeda. The group enjoyed support by the extremist leadership of the Taliban within Afghanistan. The first few years of the war provided success with the military group scattering and some of the members moving to the mountainous regions.

The presidential address showed that the group was regrouping which would be a problem to the homeland security (Military, P.3). The regrouping members of the terrorist group have been blamed for causing insecurity in Pakistan region. The group has started causing insecurity within ...

1. Introduction

Pharmaceutical products alleviate suffering in patients by presenting therapeutic benefits to them. There is risk in the use of these products, but by consenting to use the drug, the patient has deemed it fit that the benefits of the drug far outweigh the potential danger they may pose. There are two types of reactions that may be exhibited by the patient; adverse drug reaction and adverse drug event . Adverse drug reaction is the typical way in which the body responds to a drug that is toxic, and whose use was unintended. This usually occurs at normal doses for disease treatment. ...