Essays on Harm

Self-harm

Self-harm, for decades, has been viewed as a pathological expression of latent stress, without meaning, reason or desire. In tandem to this, a bunch of psychologists have argued and depicted self-harm as powerful and silent language (Motz, 2009). Self-harm communicates states of mind to others, inscribing a narrative on the body itself, and it embodies unbearable feelings and memories, with the aim of evincing the hope of being understood (Motz, 2009). In line with this, Page and Page (2007), also describe a plethora of activities that delineate self-harm or self-injury. The activities are always deliberate, with the intent of Continue reading...

Cloning

1.0 Historical Background
During mammalian reproduction, the sperm fuses with the egg. During this process, both the egg and the sperm contribute half of the genetic material resulting into a genetically unique individual. On the other hand, cloning involves the development of an organism or cell that has identical genetic materials to the parent. Thus cloning can be defined as producing a copy of DNA, cell or organism asexually. This definition is not a clear reflection of what people considers cloning to be thus raising perennial and heated debate on the ethics and morals of cloning. However, it worth Continue reading...

Introduction

The term ethical intelligence has been coined by the American ethicist Bruce Weinstein, who in his book "Five Principles for Untangling Your Toughest Problems at Work and Beyond", describes the five principles of ethical intelligence that determine the level of one's success in his job, how strong his relationship is with his friends and family, and what he feels about himself. The five principles of ethical intelligence identified by Bruce Weinstein include 1) Do Not Harm, 2) Make Things Better, 3) Respect Others, 4) Be Fair, and 5) Be Loving (Weinstein, 2011, p. 6). According to Bruce, a society Continue reading...

Abstract

In most jurisdictions, tort is regarded a civil wrong but under certain circumstances it is also regarded as a criminal case e.g. in cases of assault. In legal circles it acts as a basis for an action of a lawsuit. Torts are categorised under the law of obligations. Duties that fall under tort law are regarded as a necessary requirement for all citizens unlike voluntary obligations imposed under contracts. If a person commits a tortious act, then in legal term for the person is a Tortfeasor. Tortious acts include breach of duties imposed under statutory laws, negligence, inflicting Continue reading...

I. Introduction
Journalists have a responsibility to the facts of an event. This is an aspect of journalism that is often lost in the sensationalism that often follows the news in the modern era. Ethics and standards in journalism are principles that give the journalist a structural framework for conducting the practice of reporting on events, people, or places; they are designed to help the journalist navigate specific situations and challenges that journalists often face. Journalists do not exist in a vacuum; they are people with their own opinions and feelings about the things that they are reporting, and Continue reading...

Debatably, eating disorders affect many people in the world in various ways. This implies that many people are harmed by their eating behaviors. With the eating disorders emotional symptoms and physiological symptoms arises, which may lead to harmful effects in the body. Some of these symptoms include depression, anxiety, low self esteem, as well as hopelessness. Moreover, eating disorders may result to physical symptoms, which include constant thoughts on exercise, food, and body shape. In fact, eating disorders harm many people because it strains the body system, which may lead to severe illness. In developed nations, eating disorders are Continue reading...

How this scenario relates to an area of law taught in Introduction to Business Law

The tort of negligence is the area of law which this scenario relates to. LMS has threatened to seek legal action against Chuan & Associates to recover damages for the harm suffered because of the approval of financial statements which had material misstatements by the audit firm. Everything 4 Less Limited (E4L) acquisition was a decision based on the information contained in those financial statements and LMS suffered financial loss by relying on them. The statements had overstated the value of the company’ Continue reading...

The Harm principle propounded by John Stuart Mill is one of the highly recognized principles in the fields of philosophy and that of the libertarian politics. In this principle, Mill observes that individual actions should only be limited to protecting and preventing harm to other people. He articulated that the power can only be said to have been exercised rightfully over a civilized community, against their will if it is intended to prevent harms against those individual members (Ingram 134). John Stuart Mill appreciated that every individual was free to engage in any action and should not be prohibited Continue reading...

Business Commerce Law

Distinguish between libel, slander, defamation, trade slander, and deceit, indicating in what situations each would apply and the significance of the distinction.
Libel, slander, defamation, trade slander and deceit are legal terms that are often interchanged by lay persons. While these words may seem related and almost similar, there are several ways in which they are different. Here is a discussion of what these different terms mean and situations to illustrate their meaning:
Defamation is a broad term used to refer to any published statement that is a false accusation and is detrimental to a particular person’s reputation. Continue reading...

Sport Fishing Pros and Cons

Abstract
In the past, people used to fish for the purpose of eating or trading, this tradition has seen great change afterwards, so we can see people practise fishing for entertainment purposes, or what is called “Sport Fishing”. Those who perform sport fishing are fishing only for the sport; they catch the fish and return it again to the water. They do not eat it, not even keep it, some people prefer to capture photo with the fish and then let it return to the water again. From the foregoing, people who practise sport fishing are found to have Continue reading...

I reservedly agree that people should be allowed to do what they want as long as it does not harm anyone else. According to Mill’s explanation of the harm principle, he says that the only way law and moral condemnation should be used to change someone’s behavior is if it causes harm to others. The principle does not apply to a child until they are of age, and it also does not apply to backward societies. Children and people from a backward society are not completely developed to the point that they can choose what is good Continue reading...

Introduction

There has been a steady growth in the number of charges related to unfair labor practices with the NLRB (National Relations Board) (Steenson, 2010). This article describes what Unfair Labor Practices are. It goes further to explain the fines assessed by the companies. It also discusses the rate of repeat offenders. It begins by giving the definition of unfair labor practices. It then explains the various interests potentially harmed by Unfair Labor Practices. The interests discussed include individual interests, collective interests and union interest. The paper then describes the available remedies for the wrongdoing. Remedies discussed have been categorized Continue reading...

Cultural relativism has the notion that ethical or moral systems, which change from one culture to another, are equally right and there is no system that is better than the rest. In this theory evil or good has no ultimate standard, therefore independent judgments on wrong and right are the society’s product. Moreover, every opinion that one has on ethics and morality are subject to each person’s cultural perspective. Overall, not a single ethical or moral system can be taken as the worst or best and not even a specific ethical or moral position can be actually Continue reading...

The term bioethics was coined in the early 1970s by biologists who brought to the public’s attention two pressing issues; the need to maintain the plant’s ecology and the implication of advances in the life sciences toward manipulating human nature. Van Rensselaer Potter has focused on the growing human ability to change the nature, including human nature and the implication of this for our global future [ CITATION Van71 \l 1033 ]. While bioethics has been interdisciplinary since its inception, theology played a fundamental role in its creation. It continues to have a profound influence today also.
At its Continue reading...

The internet has become a sore spot for many after it has been continuously romanticized as a corner to practice freedom of speech. Many libertarians as well as communitarians have been amazed and bothered by the alluring and unstoppable combination of law barriers and the sophisticated technology that has become of the internet today. This very alluring combination ensures that millions and millions are drawn to the internet every day. Lawmakers have just the same furthered, the ‘monstrosity’ by fighting for, and passing the of the Communication Decency act that allows the providers of the internet services Continue reading...

Ethics

White (2008) states that while a social worker is expected to uphold the interest of his or her client, there are various situations that may challenge this ideal objective. The conflicts of interest may arise when the interest of the social worker interfere with the attention of the needs and interest of the client, whether it may be for personal, financial, occupational, sexual or spiritual motives. The conflict may also take place when the tension arises in upholding the rights of several parties to whom the social worker owes loyalty. The NASW Code mandates the all social workers should Continue reading...

Substance Abuse basically refers to extensive indulgence in addictive substances such as drugs and alcohol. As put forward by DSM IV TR, in order to be diagnosed for substance abuse, the sufferer must be involved in substance use in a maladaptive manner which results in major impairment in daily activities. Some of the impaired routine tasks because of drug abuse include failure or poor work/school performance, getting into legal difficulties along with other such stressors occurring several times in a year (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). In essence, additions can easily pave its way gradually strangling the individual to misery Continue reading...

Introduction

Whistle blowing refers to the process through which an employee or employees reveal information concerning the organization that is harmful and detrimental in nature. Often, the information is brought out to the public domain do the chagrin of the organization and its management. Whistle blowing should be divorced from investigations, spying or other kinds of cover ups and revelations. It also must be noted that whistle blowing must not be in bad faith or in the interest of the employee who reveals the information. This paper shall examine the elements of whistle blowing with a keen coverage on the Continue reading...

John Stuart Mill's Harm Principle

Introduction
Throughout the human history, the use of force has been applied to restrain people from acting in a manner that may cause harm or danger to other people, or to themselves. There has been always an attempt to constrain people to act in a particular manner, or behave in a manner that is conventional in a particular group of people. However, in the current civilized society, there is always a discrepancy between what a person is allowed to do and what one cannot be allowed. The use of force to restrain a person to act in a desired Continue reading...

Part A

1. Julianne was a social person despite the fact that he was diagnosed with schizophrenia five years ago. For that reason, there is a reason to be concerned by the sudden change in Julianne’s behaviors. She has exhibited some characteristics that indicate that she is in a crisis. For instance, she has changed the usual pattern of relating to other people, she has withdrawn from people by wanting to be left alone, and she has shown apathy in her dressing and appearance.
2. Julianne is at risk of suicide. The reason why I have come to this conclusion Continue reading...

1.0 Introduction
For an act to be deemed as criminal attempt, the perpetrator must express the intent to commit an act whose result would constitute a crime and take considerable steps towards attaining his goal. For as far back as the 14th century, historians have scattered evidence that there was punishment for attempted felony if there was serious harm incurred in the course of the perpetration of crime. Attempt cases involving coin money, dueling and threats were punished by the Court of Star Chambers in England in the 16th century. It took years for the law to come up Continue reading...

Business

Introduction
The biggest menace most countries face today is the environmental pollution; earth, water, plants and animals are the first impaired factors affected by pollution. Our earth is becoming warmer because of fraud practices of certain companies that never cease burning more energy every day to accumulate more profit and generate higher revenue levels. One of these companies we will discuss in this paper is Williams Energy; a famous cash cow company based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, working in the field of energy. With its additional petroleum and electricity generation assets, Williams Energy plays a critical role in polluting the Continue reading...

[University Affiliation]

Abstract

Evaluation on the ethical and unethical researches revealed that the credibility, authenticity and validity of the research outcome is highly reliant on the type of research. Ethical research is based on the ethical codes and conduct, guidelines, etc and the important considerations of this type of research includes, maintaining respect, dignity and anonymity of the participants; reducing the risks or harm to the subjects; protecting the rights, privacy and confidentiality of the individuals and avoiding misrepresentation and deception of facts and information. In unethical research the ethical principles and practices are not followed and hence research outcome Continue reading...

John Stuart Mill argues that harm to others is the justification for laws restricting behaviors of others. According to Mill’s harm principle, he argues that a person can do anything they want to do the way they like as long as they do not harm others with their actions. In support of his arguments, Mill argues that people should be forbidden acting in a manner that is harmful to others and the society. He says that individuals should not be allowed to destroy public property since this can harm others and divest the community. In addition, Mill asserts Continue reading...

Health education is one of the most important kinds of classes that teenagers need, as their health and future both depend on their awareness of the problems drugs can cause in their lives. What should we do for teenagers not to become addicts? What are the first symptoms of teenage drug addiction? What type of drug harms in the most destructive way? Why can people suddenly die from heroin or methamphetamine? Why marijuana is the easiest and also the most dangerous drug? What is the average lifespan of a drug addict? Why is it almost not possible to recover Continue reading...

Introduction

The conceptions of law and justice vary across nations and regions. The differences in the conception of law and justice between Western and East Asian evidently compares with each other. The comparative criminal justice and law notions between East and West depend on culture and historical backgrounds. The cultural diversity in East Asia makes its law and justice perceptions vary with the West. The concept of crime and justice in the West ends up based on the individualistic concept in which units for examination are individuals. On the other hand, East Asia concept reflects on the notion of crime Continue reading...

Abstract

Throughout the course of this essay I will attempt to construct a picture of modern techno cultures in respect of the laws and norms of the world they inhabit but don’t necessarily fit into. I will try to display to the reader that these techno cultures live within our world but outside our laws, they themselves construct their own laws as they live in their own worlds, they live in our world but in another world of their choosing.
I will in a sense try to find reality in these virtual worlds and try to discover what is Continue reading...

Abstract

Throughout the course of this essay I will attempt to construct a picture of modern techno cultures in respect of the laws and norms of the world they inhabit but don’t necessarily fit into. I will try to display to the reader that these techno cultures live within our world but outside our laws, they themselves construct their own laws as they live in their own worlds, they live in our world but in another world of their choosing.
I will in a sense try to find reality in these virtual worlds and try to discover what is Continue reading...

Explain Whether Anybody In The Scenario Below May Have A Claim In The Tort Of Negligence

“Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do.” Per Alderson B. and Blyth V (1856).
In order to establish an understanding with regards to negligence it is very necessary to examine with clarity that whether the defendant is truly careless or ignorant when it comes to performing his duties. And at the same time Continue reading...

The first approach to whistle blowing condemns whistle blowers as people who rat on their own organizations or companies, thus, undermining the authority’s hierarchy and teamwork (Martin, 402). Although an approach, Martin feels that corporations should note that for employees loyalty to the organization is not an absolute moral principle, and thus, it is the role of the public to protect whistleblowers. The second approach suggests that although whistle blowing is a necessary evil and at times tagged admirable when it happens, all around it is always bad news (Martin, 402). This is simply because it disrupts and Continue reading...

Introduction

Air pollution is a very strange phenomenon yet it is one that causes severe damage to e person’s health as well as to every other infrastructure that stays in between the community. Air pollution has numerous causes of concern in the modern world and these causes, instead of deteriorating, are only increasing on a daily basis without much cooperation to their basic destabilization . As much as it is the responsibility of world leaders to evoke the world of air pollution, they seem to be halted by business magnates who refuse to stop their mega invested projects in a Continue reading...

You consider the non-violence approach because you know for sure it is ineffective for insensitive people. Let me ask you, how will the pro-violence approach convince the insensitive people to change their views and support mine? I agree, being peaceful does not usually echo as intensely or as powerful as being violent. But while violence might bring short, momentarily victories, a peaceful resistance, practiced through the satyagraha principles of patiently and diplomatically insisting on presenting the truth as one sees it, increases the chances of long-term victories.
Satyagraha, or the militant non-violent resistance (Hardiman 239) might seem to you, Continue reading...

Law

1a.) The four main components of a contract are: offer, acceptance, consideration and intention of legal consequences. The offer is considered complete if it states in definite terms of the agreement and it must be communicated to the offeree. The offer should not only include any estimation, manifestations of interest, requests for proposals or letters of intent. The offer is different from an invitation to treat such as advertisements and shop displays where the invitation to treat is inviting an offer to be made (Richards, 2009). In this given case, the offer was made through an advertisement in several Continue reading...

As Scott Weber points out in his journal article on the relationship between depression and, among other factors, self-esteem, “adolescents today are living in complex and challenging times” (Weber, 2010). With depression and other psychiatric disorders common among youth, it is adults who they rely on to build a health care and education system that understands this and provides antiquate support for adolescents. Self-esteem has a negative correlation with depression (Weber, 2010) and so environments and strategies to improve self-esteem in adolescents have the effect of also reducing the frequency and severity of depression in these populations. It has Continue reading...

Advice to Christine on Possible Action in Tort

Intentional torts are actions done deliberately to cause harm to the plaintiff. Examples include fraud, defamation etc. Negligence torts are caused when one fails to exercise care against perils known to present potential harm. Strict liability torts impose liability on a person who despite exercising appropriate care, thus not guilty of wrongdoing, caused unusually dangerous risks to society.
Christine has no possible action in tort against her two friends, Sophie and Adele. This is so since Sophie and Adele had no legal obligation to take proper care of Christine. However they exercised proper care that a reasonable person would Continue reading...

Indirect aggression can be defined as the conduct aimed at harming a person in a slightly noxious way, mostly by means of the community group. This form of aggression is also referred to as social aggression. The subject matter of indirect aggression is mostly common in the entertainment industry and more so among females. This is attributed to the fact that girls would always want to be socially accepted amongst their peers. However, this form of aggression can also be practiced in schools, at home or in a workplace setting. It is believed that indirect aggression can increase with Continue reading...

Knarles and Barkley Case Study

Liabilities under Contract Law
Chetum vs Knarles & Barkley
Fact: Knarles wants to repudiate a contract between Chetum and Barkley.

Issue: Breach of contract. Chetum entered into a contract with Barkley that Knarles, Barkley’s father and business partner, refuses to accept. Does Knarles repudiation of the contract constitute a breach of contract?

Rule of Law: A contract must have the following elements in order to be enforceable: (1) mutual consent, manifested by offer and acceptance, (2) consideration, (3) legality of object, and (4) capable parties (Calamari and Perillo, 1998).
Application: Barkley sent a contract (offer), which Chetum signed (acceptance), Continue reading...

Most often, one of the reasons people marry is to be with someone they trust and love. They enter the relationship with the expectation of being cared for, gain security, and have positive experiences together. However, for many couples, the dream of the “happy ever after” does not become real. The realities of life set in, and the abuses happen. This can be perpetuated by either a male or a female spouse. In the succeeding sections, the topic on spousal abuse is further explored. The definition of the concept begins the discussion, and this is followed by a description Continue reading...

What are the strengths and weaknesses of this response? 

Violence in our modern-day society can take a myriad of forms, but its basic definition always includes an unjust or unwarranted exertion of force or power. Since the recent history of domestic violence provides a clear illustration of the social construction of the field of violence, it will serve as a tool to demonstrate the problematic nature of the system of criminal laws when applied to crimes of violence. This essay is designed to outline the strengths and weaknesses of the criminal system’s response to domestic violence in Australia. The first part of the paper provides information essential Continue reading...

Autonomy as a principle in medicine, applies where an individual is granted the conditions to make an independent decision with regards to their health. The physician has the responsibility of creating a environment for the patient in making an autonomous choice. Further, the physician should make an autonomous decision on ethical dilemmas facing them with regards to administering certain procedures on their patients. This choice afforded to both the physician and the patient raises the ethical dilemma whether an individual should cause harm to oneself or others in line with the autonomy principle.
The medical field is a sensitive Continue reading...