Essays on Justification

INTRODUCTION

Justification is one of the most important doctrines of the Christian faith – it is the means by which we are saved by Christ and absolved of our sins. It represents the most vital and selfless act Jesus could have done for us – the sacrifice of his blood in order to impute our sins and gain passage to Heaven. There are many different ideas of what justification means, and what constitutes being justified – whether it is by faith or by works. Protestants and Roman Catholics have very different ideas on what constitutes justification; it is one of the primary reasons ...

Justification is the chief article of Christian faith in scripture upon which all others stand or fail. The doctrine of justification is a document that was created and agreed to in 1999 by the Lutheran World Federation and the Catholic Church’s Pontifical Council for promoting Christian Unity (Stoll, n.d). The core of the document is an agreement that churches share a common understanding as evidenced by justification by the grace of God through the faith that Christians have in Jesus Christ (Newman, 1840). A firm understanding of the doctrine of justification is essential for the understanding of the ...

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Internalism is one of the approaches of explaining different concepts in Philosophy especially in Epistemology. Epistemology is one of the branches of Philosophy that deals with knowledge, its nature and scope. These concepts are human motivation, knowledge, justification, meaning and truth. In this paper, the argument will be inclined to internalism as a way of explaining epistemic justification (Alston). In the discussion, “What is Justified Belief” Goldman notes that,
“Many epistemologists have been interested in justification because of its presumed close relationship to knowledge.” (Goldman 89) Internalism here refers to an explanation on ...

Internet Encyclopedia of Garbage

- Term: Nitrogen Cycle Page of Coffel text:

Term: Nitrogen Cycle
Page Title: The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact
Organization Operating Server: Nature Education
Hyperlink: The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact
Brief Justification of Web Site as Appropriate: This page is from the Nature Education Knowledge Project. It explains the nitrogen cycle and illustrates how important it is for the survival of ecosystems which sustain plant and animal life. The implications of human interference with the nitrogen cycle are also explained.

Web Site No.: 2

Term: Nitrogen Cycle

Page Title: Water Treatment Solutions

Organization Operating Server: Lenntech
Hyperlink: Water Treatment Solutions
Brief Justification of ...

Internet Encyclopedia of Garbage

Web Site No.: 1
Page Title: The Truth about Nitrite in Lunch Meat
Organization Operating Server: Livescience
Hyperlink: LIVESCIENCE.COM
Brief Justification of Web Site as Appropriate:
The website is appropriate because it explains the harmful side of nitrite preservatives in meets. While sodium nitrite helps fight harmful bacteria in harmful meats, it may damage cells or chance into cancer-causing molecules. Nitrites may also disable the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.

Web Site No.: 2

Page Title: The Nitrate and Nitrite Myth: another reason not to fear bacon
Organization Operating Server: Chris Kresser
Hyperlink: THE NITRATE AND NITRITE MYTH:
Brief Justification of Web Site as ...

Justification by Faith

Paul is one of the biblical authors of the epistles. Most of Paul's letters are addressed to the church by describing some of the righteous ways that the Christians can live. Paul’s gospel on justification by faith explains that for one to achieve salvation in the Lord, one must have faith first. This is essential for Christians because they strive to be righteous in God’s eyes so as to live eternally. This means that the person who may be tagged as a sinner in a given community can be liberated if he or she decides to trust ...

Arguably, there are various theories that justify the criminal punishment. As a matter of fact, punishment is very crucial in the society since it is seen as a corrective tool. Punishment entails the strategic and international infliction of suffering and pain on people who are guilty of certain crime. Scholars assert that utilitarian and retributivist theories help in elaborating on the justification of criminal punishment. What are debatable are the differences that the theories bring out when justifying punishment. Punishment of its own necessitates a reasonable form of justification, especially in terms of moral and comprehensive political philosophy. The ...

Background

Martin Luther is one of the most famous reformers ever recorded in history. It was his bravery and spirit that changed the former “rational” view of society in terms of religion. Back in the 1400s, most, if not all, people believed that freedom from having to pay for your own sins could easily be bought with money. So, priests and friars from different regions had this belief that as long as an individual has enough money to pay for his sins, he could be saved from the wrath of God. Thus, buying of indulgences was invented. The proliferation of ...

Induction

Induction
The problem facing induction has been a great challenge presented by epistemology to various philosophers, among them David Hume. Since the 18th century, he has raised the induction concern to various philosophers with the aim of finding a solution to the dilemma. Karl Popper, Chalmers among others philosophers played an imperative role in identifying a considerable solution to the induction problem. In philosophy, induction is defined as a form of reasoning that is derived from a particular observation of a phenomenon and draws conclusions from the phenomenon. For instance, it is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow ...

Introduction

The word knowledge can be stated to be a very complex. Its complexity is what has caused many people in the world including the philosophers to try to find the true meaning of knowledge. Some examples of the philosophers that have searched for its meaning are Edmund Gettier and Plato. The first person ever to define the term knowledge it is claimed to be Plato. He described knowledge to be the justified true beliefs. This term has been used by many people in the society and they have believed in its meaning. The reason for stating this is because ...

One event that will forever define the history of Christianity and the church in general is the Protestant Reformation. The person who pulled the trigger for this event was a German Catholic monk named Martin Luther (Schwarz 159. The beliefs and theological conviction which motivated and inspired Martin Luther to rebel against the Catholic Church, in which he was a priest, was justification by faith. Luther believed that man was justified only through believing in God and not because of any good works.
In 1501 Martin Luther joined the University of Efurt. His inquisitiveness and desire for knowledge led ...

Source:

Maggie Walter & Belinda Hewitt (2012): Post-separation parenting and indigenous families: Family Matters, 91, 83-91
- Explain in your words what method(s) have been used to gather the research data.
The researchers used quantitative research methods such as sampling and interviewing indigenous children about their conditions on living away from their parent or parents to gather the research data (p. 84).
- What justification/explanation for choosing these methods was provided?
Subjectivity justification was provided to choose this method. The researchers used the data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) which interviewed 1670 children from various sites ...

Overview

Bruce Metzers The New Testament: Its Background, Growth, & Content takes the reader through a thorough tour of the new testament's fundamental elements as stipulated by Paul. Paul's writings which mainly arose from the crucible of missions he engaged in with the aim of educating and sustaining newly found Christians; form the basis of the Christian faith. His mission consequently led to a major reformation amid tight resistance both from staunch Jews and the Roman Empire (winter and Clark, 44). Through his preaching in a series of missionary trips and prison time, he founded, contacted and was responsible for several ...

Foundationalism involves a distinction between basic beliefs and derived beliefs while Coherentism holds that belief is only justified with mutual belief among them. Foundationalism exalts the relevance of an individual experience to the justification of his or her belief. Coherentism is structurally the same as foundationalism in that it to some extent provides principles that stipulate conditions within which beliefs are justified. Epistemic principles for the foundationalism are principles that justify first basic propositions albeit being second level. Foundationalism does not allow epistemic principles to function as conclusions supported by perceptual belief. Coherentism belief that principles stand in relation ...

Kathryn Tanner joined the faculty of Divinity at Yale in 2010. This was after teaching in the Divinity School of the University of Chicago for sixteen years and the department of Religious studies at Yale for ten years. She has engineered a lot of research on the history of Christian thought to current issues of theological concern using cultural, feminist, and social theory. She has written several books such as; God and Creation in Christian Theology: Tyranny or Empowerment? The politics of God: Christian Theologies and Social Justice, Theories of Culture: A New Agenda for Theology Jesus, Humanity and ...

Even though, the justification of undertaking action of punishing an eye for an eye is faced by moral reasons, the intention should be not only legally but also morally justifiable. As an emotional response, to morally unjust acts, exact retribution advocates for the undertaking of punishments that match the crime committed against another individual. Nonetheless, the infliction of punishment in today’s society remains as morally justified right based on the decisions undertaken depending on the justification, rationale and nature of punishment. In addition, it is essential for rules that guide punishments to control the existence of different kinds ...

Collaborative Questionnaire and Interview Assignment

Justification of Questionnaire 7: Immigrants and Society
On the question of whether I think immigrants coming to the United States make American society better in the long run, I believe very strongly that they do. The reason for this is that immigrants are both, educated and uneducated. Therefore, as the economy of the country grows, there will be shortage of professionals in certain industries, and these can be filled with people who have the expertise or need. For example, today, most of the IT sector jobs are in the hands of immigrants. This is an area that America can ...

Introduction

Investments have two aspects; returns and risks that determine their desirability to an investor. In that respect, analyzing the two is crucial, and several models have been advanced for the purpose of identifying most suitable portfolios. In addition, investor's preferences and risk profile determine their investments choices. Thus, a portfolio construction is based on the involved assets return and risk as well as the client’s risk profile. To demonstrate the process of portfolio construction in view of the clients’ profile, this report uses a case of a client with identified investments goals. The report uses a questionnaire to ...

Discuss this statement in relation to two areas of knowledge.

Philosophy
Philosophical assumptions relating the theory of knowledge aspire towards an understanding of and differentiating among belief, truth and justification. Over the ages since Immanuel Khant’s propositions regarding enlightenment philosophers are still struggling to define and conceptualize the term in relation to knowledge acquisition, revision and validation. As such, in perceiving that ‘knowledge is nothing more than the systematic organization of facts’ it would become necessary to define knowledge and facts. Subsequently, a detailed differentiation between the two will be embraced and thereafter conclusions derived from the exposition in relation to two are of knowledge namely religion and ...

Introduction

War is an integral part of the human history. It has been the justified as the last resort in conflict resolution, when other peaceful conflict resolution methods, fails. However, many times, it may be urged that war has not been used as the last alternative in resolving societal disputes, but has been rather orchestrated by the party(s) that suppose to hold superior militant power, to coerce the weaker side to concede to the demands or conform to its will. That is fact, not withstanding that there are main situation during the recorded history of the mankind, where war ...

Through different methods of justification, we can reach conclusions in ethics that are as well-supported as those provided in mathematics.' To what extent would you agree?
As the question indicates, the two areas of knowledge, mathematics and ethics, should be considered and revised thoroughly. Firstly, I would like to define the key words which are going to be analyzed in this essay. Mathematics can be defined as the abstract science of number, quantity and space. This definition of mathematics is quite clear. However, the definition for ethics is much more complex. As the word 'ethics' comes from Greek, it ...

Abstract

The main idea of the current paper is not to reject reasons why Bin Laden arranged the attacks but to describe what drove him to carry out and plan the events leading to 9/11. In other words, his motives and political situation in the Middle East are analyzed in the framework of strategic thinking and long-term implications on jihad and radical Muslim movement in general. The structure of the paper consists of outlining and description of each of the reasons Bin Laden had suggested himself and their fitting into general strategy of jihad. Then strategy of jihad and meaning ...

Introduction

In a democracy citizens take for granted many things that legitimate democratic institutions make possible such as the right to vote, being able to check out a federal law book from the library, or being able to run for city council. Discussions about legitimacy in coffee shops or over kitchen tables are mostly about laws or some politician’s social behavior.

The legitimization of coercive power of democratic institutions may be thought of as an academic philosophical concept but its importance in practical, everyday governing cannot be ignored. Democratic institutions are actors in the justification and legitimization of coercive ...

Introduction

The captain in the middle of the war is in a moral dilemma. He is considering following orders and dropping a bomb into the enemies’ town where the enemies are hiding, or just approaching the town with a troop of soldiers. The captain has a decision to make revolving around his conscience. How sure is the captain about whereabouts of the enemies? Is he using the weapon he has rightfully? Who are the occupants of the town? These are issues of consideration in the justified ethic and war.
The concept of reciprocity and ethical justification defines the very idea ...

Introduction

Primal fear is an investigative movie, which tries to unravel the murder of a famous Bishop in Chicago. A young altar boy (Aaron) has been arrested for his murder. Aaron looks like an innocent kid, who stutters, and he is represented by Vail, who is a famous attorney. Vail believes that Aaron is innocent. In the middle of the trial, Vail finds out that Aaron has a disorder. With the disorder Aaron acts differently, he is a foul mouthed, violent, and obnoxious. Vail finds a sex tape that shows Aaron, another altar boy and a girl having sex, and ...

If the choice is between renegotiation and termination, Missan should renegotiate rather than terminate the contract. Unilateral termination may not be available to the company because of the weak grounds for its justification. It can, additionally, expose the Company to risk for potential wrongful termination, which can result to liability. On the other hand, a renegotiation can give Missan an opportunity to set new terms that are more favourable to it, taking into account the present circumstances.

Repudiatory Breach as Justification for Termination

Missan can only terminate the contract with Depeche if such termination can be justified, otherwise it may be exposed to liability for ...

Introduction

Pragmatically, the deviant behaviour of white-collar criminals provides students of sociology a different exploration of how human nature works in clandestine operations in plain view. Society, at least superficially does not suspect a so-called white-collar individual of criminal behaviour in general, as stereotypes tend to lead people’s thoughts in the direction one way or another. While, the dishevelled, unkempt, anti-social “looking” individual exists as suspect of deviant behaviour by his/her mere appearance including labelled as a criminal in some regards, the white collar individual stands in society appearance wise as an upstanding citizen (Goode 2008).

Historically, the concept of white collar is not so new:

Edwin Sutherland created ...

Solution to tutorial 1

Problem description
Three problems that cannot be solved using traditional computing model but can be solved using neural computing include sensor processing, pattern recognition and speech and even text processing. It is because neural networks provide a different approach for data analysis and pattern recognition within the same data as compared to traditional computing approach. Text recognition, sensor processing, pattern recognition and speech recognition are all problems that cannot be well characterized. Therefore, traditional computing can only work well for problem that can be well described in terms of characteristics. These features include balancing checkbooks, keeping tabs of inventory, ...

Philosophy

The Traditional Analysis of Knowledge (TAK) maintains that the propositional knowledge is justified, true belief. The TAK defined knowledge in the following structure. If person A believes that S is true, it follows that A believes that S, implying that A knows S. The definition of knowledge presents some problems of epistemology (Lemos 102). Traditionally, people use the term knowledge to refer to various abilities or skills, such as displayed while performing a given task (Lemos 102). For example, if a person knows how to drive a car, that knowledge might be referred to as ability knowledge. Another knowledge ...

Morality vs. Strategy in War

Introduction
War, just like poverty, is an ever-present element of life. Reflection on warfare is one of the main things that occupy the public life of the members of society. Throughout history, warriors have faced ethical and moral challenges. Modern, highly technological, biological, chemical and unconventional guerilla wars magnify these challenges. Amid all the terror and “hell” of war, people are faced with moral responsibilities that they must achieve. Before determining the prevalent conditions at war, there are five laws which must be followed: The moral law; Heaven; Earth; The commander and the method or discipline. The strategy should ...

Vincent Parillo, who is the author for Causes of Prejudice, has a belief that prejudice levels are usually based on six main theories. These theories are self-justification, authoritarian personality, frustration, socialization, economic competition as well as social norms. These prejudice levels are outstanding in explaining how C.P.Ellis a former Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was, prepared to become a racist. According to Parillo, causes of prejudice are classified as psychological and sociological, he describes three variant psychological levels of prejudice, cognitive, action, and emotional oriented. He further explained that prejudiced individuals use self-justification as well as frustration as cornerstone for ...

Human beings are made up of two effects, body and soul. For pure life, word of god is important which is honoured by faith. Faith is necessary for the soul for its salvation. Work should be used to serve other to become a true Christian. A Christian should have abundant faith and should use his body to live for others, like Christ did.

1. What are the terms Luther uses to describe the twofold nature of humanity?
Luther says that humanity is dual natured. They are of spiritual nature or soul, inward, new man, and bodily nature or fleshy, ...

It is understood in Christian tradition and theology that the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead lies at the heart of Christian practice and theology. The gospel texts are read in Christian tradition as epiphanies while the following texts like Galatians reveal the workings and mechanisms of the early church. This paper explores the history and message of the book of Galatians, paying particular attention to its authorship, its underlying message and its influence in the growth of the early Christian Church and the Christian movement of today.
As Young observes, Jesus did not teach Christianity ...

One of the most well-known and infamous psychological experiments is the Stanford Prison Experiment. Every student of psychology or sociology in high school or college has had to read about this experiment. It emerges that men, who considered themselves pacifists turned into monsters and had no issue mistreating other human beings. This realization is well known and often cited as a reason underlying the shambolic nature of the current jail system. Philip Zimbardo presided over the experiment as the “superintendent” of the mock jail in his capacity as the psychology professor in charge of the experiment. The experiment was ...

‘Instructor’s Name’

- Describe the basic Public Budgeting System outlined by the instructor in class. Be sure your outline details how information, justification, and examination all play an important role in the development of a public budget.
Public Budgeting System involves, defining the goals that are aimed to be achieved through the process, and allocating the necessary resources to achieve those goals. It is an act of balancing the fund allocation among various public sector needs, and deciding how much to spend on each such programs.
The crucial first phase of the budgeting process is the gathering of information. The information ...

Introduction

The topic euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide remains to be a topic of concern across various settings all around the globe. Speaking of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, this connotes to the deliberate instigation of death of an individual for the sole benefit of that individual. The scope of physician-assisted suicide can be traced back to the close of the year 1990, when Dr. Kevorkian Jack, retired pathologist utilized assisted suicide to help one of his patients (Gorsuch 24). Since this episode, the topic on assisted suicide has evolved into one of the most equivocal topics. In fact, this topic has ...

The basic premise behind what cost-benefit analysis, also known as CBA, represents is based on a rejection of ethical evaluations that have been based upon the assumptions of abstract moral principles. In this sense, CBA presents a differentiation from those ethical intentions that are underlined by principles based in logical argumentation, rather than experience based in the real world. Furthermore, these notions present an assumption that there can, indeed, be a morally guided justification that is based in relevant interpretations of those events that have been presented as such.
What sets cost benefit analysis apart from other forms of ...

Introduction 3

Advantages, Disadvantages and Incorporation Consequences 4
General Partnership 4
Control 5
External Liability 5
Fiduciary Duty 6
Duty of Care 7
The Equality Act 2010 (EA 2010) 8
The Employer’s duty 8
Potential Consequences 8
Unlawful Behavior 8
Objective Justification 9
Health and Disability 9
Decision Pertaining to Vacations 9
Vacations for sickness 10
Conclusion 11

References 12

Introduction
There were numerous situations that developed an unincorporated business structure a highly practical driver for a given business entity. Usually, the reflection of tax was highly momentous. Additionally, there were four forms of every business structure that confirm its relevancy for ...

Euthyphro defines piety as what the gods love. However, Socrates, who is under the charge of impiety, disagrees with this definition. The argument is based on this disagreement, as well as the definition by division. In this case, Socrates asks Euthyphro to provide another word that comes after piety. Socrates uses this strategy to provide counter arguments on the definitions provided. For this definition, Socrates recognizes that it is of a universal nature but criticizes it on the account that the gods may disagree on the basis of what is good and pleasing to them. In this case, different ...

The First Amendment of the constitution governs the freedom of speech in the United States. This amendment protects the citizen’s freedom of expression from any kind of interference from the federal government. In instances where the government seeks to control or regulate speech’s content, the government is required by the Supreme Court to provide credible and significant justification. Over the years, racist individuals have used the First amendment as a form of justification for their racist expressions. The racists have consistently manipulated the First amendment claiming that just like other free ideas in a free democracy; their ...

Classical theory of knowledge or epistemology (the scientifically oriented knowledge) informs part of the important areas in philosophy. It addresses such questions as what is knowledge; from where do we get the knowledge? How are our beliefs justified? How do we perceive the world around us? Do we know anything at all? How do we ascertain that we have the knowledge? How do we quantify the knowledge that we have?
What is knowledge? Rene Descartes (rationalist) in his apology to his disciple Plato claimed to be the wisest man in the whole world alive because he knew that he ...

Kathryn Tanner – Christ the Key (2010), 320 pp
Kathryn Tanner joined the faculty of Divinity in Yale in 2010. This was after teaching in the Divinity School of the University of Chicago for sixteen years and the department of Religious studies in Yale for ten years. She has engineered a lot of research on the history of Christian thought to current issues of theological concern using cultural, feminist, and social theory. She has written several books such as; God and Creation in Christian Theology: Tyranny or Empowerment? The politics of God: Christian Theologies and Social Justice, Theories of Culture: ...

- Internalism is a thesis founded on knowledge belief or it is justified faith intertwined with knowledge and concerns itself with the basis of that faith. Chisholm assertion that, alternatives to internalism are founded on true or false belief or are informed by non externalist considerations is true.
This is because, internalism postulates that, an individual is capable of accessing the foundations of his or her knowledge while it’s alternative externalism is a informed by convictions that founded on perceptions and faith which lack consistency as well as verification per se (Chisholm, 2008). In addition
- Explanation of ...

Abstract

This study would focus on euthanasia, otherwise referred to as mercy killing or good death. There have been varied perceptions on the morality of this process with proponents and opponents disagreeing sharply. Just as there are varied views and perceptions at individual level concerning euthanasia, different countries also have different laws concerning euthanasia. This research would investigate whether euthanasia is a viable and moral option to alleviate pain or not, and how people feel towards the whole act.
The data collection process would involve randomly selecting 30 participants who would then be subjected to interviews and filling a questionnaire. ...

Prejudice and racism are two elements that have been extremely common in history. However, they have been mainly discussed in America where racism was most prevalent. Parillo puts across that there are two main classifications of causes of prejudice: sociological and psychological. However, each of these two classifications is explained in terms of what may be referred to as Parillo theories of prejudice. Psychological prejudice levels are cognitive, action oriented as well as emotional. He argued that prejudiced individuals use self-justification as well as frustrations as bases for racism. He further identifies three main sections of sociological prejudice: social ...

Introduction

The simplest way define a fallacy is that it is the logical error in an argument or evaluation of a policy. Additionally, it can be the incorrect argument in rhetoric and logic that results in a lack of validity (Laurel 8 – 12). They are classified into formal and informal fallacies. Others have defined fallacy to mean a mistake in belief that is based on certain unsound argument.
This paper identifies the ten fallacies as they are obtained in the political arena, explain how each of the identified fallacies are being employed, and the reason for the application of these ...

‘Name’

‘Institutional Affiliation’
For all outsiders who watch with horror the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine, it would really be hard to understand why so many killings happen for a small strip of land. The popular sentiment in the Western countries and most of the non-Arab world is that, Palestine is the perpetrator of the conflict and Israel is doing what any country would do to safeguard its citizens. All the targeted killings, separation barriers and military attacks by Israel are given a single justification – Self defense. So is this the reality? Is Israel really the victim and Palestine ...

In “Young Goodman Brown,” Nathaniel Hawthorne uses a variety of literary devices in creating a story with a strong theme and characters which are fully rounded and believable. Of these devices, his use of symbolism and imagery are rife. This is of the more well-known stories exploring 17th Century Puritanism and, even on a first read, it is clear why. Hawthorne depicts the chosen situation carefully and convincingly to the reader, not only entertaining them but also informing them as well. As with many of Hawthorne’s works, this story has been discussed by many academics in the field ...

In “Young Goodman Brown,” Nathaniel Hawthorne uses a variety of literary devices in creating a story with a strong theme and characters which are fully rounded and believable. Of these devices, his use of symbolism and imagery are rife. This is of the more well-known stories exploring 17th Century Puritanism and, even on a first read, it is clear why. Hawthorne depicts the chosen situation carefully and convincingly to the reader, not only entertaining them but also informing them as well. As with many of Hawthorne’s works, this story has been discussed by many academics in the field ...

Abstract
Every society has its own share of health risks and they eventually carry with them sociological implications. They range from social dysfunctions such as domestic violence, sexually transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS towards hazards in the community which include pollution of the atmosphere by toxic substances; gases and odor from carcasses. Recent studies have shown where even road accidents are community health concerns. As such, in truly conducting ...

Synopsis:

Tricia Monet, who is a young woman aged twenty-three years old, is hastily promoted from an assistant store director to a store director for a Personal Reflections retail store. Tricia Monet had no previous managerial experience as she had just been out of college. The jobs that she had done were the accounting jobs at her school. The only training that Tricia Monet had was a two-week course for the position of assistant store director. When she arrives at her new workplace, the director of the company hires three assistant store directors for the store. The first task that ...

In a legal environment where attorneys formulated a “twinkie defense” to explain hyperglycemic homicide, it is no surprise that battered woman syndrome is a popular legal defense strategy. Domestic violence is a serious societal problem, which is often hidden behind closed doors. (Gillespie 4). When a woman murders her husband because he has been tormenting and abusing her physically and psychologically, defense attorneys often use the “battered woman defense,” which is a legal approach that focuses on emphasizing the woman as a victim who was only guilty of self defense (Wimberly). The condition can be used to help the ...

Introduction

American police force is one of the most powerful forces in the world. Since 9/11, the department of law enforcement has its major challenges and issues on their daily activities. Despite many shortcomings, the American police force has managed to prevent crimes of large magnitude. The dedication shown by police officers to maintain law and order on a daily basis is highly laudable. However, the challenges growing everyday on police activities leads to major worries. In this paper, we would identify the major challenges faced by the American police force today. Let us discuss on the issue that leads ...

As debates continues concerning gun laws and the amount of violence in the United States, many citizens have voiced increasing concerns about personal safety and the amount of force that is considered to be justifiable when faced with threats of violence or death. As a result, Stand Your Ground laws have been enacted in many states to establish the legal boundaries the rights afforded to individuals to protect themselves from imminent threats. The legalities provided by the Stand Your Ground laws gives pause to reflect on are laws of this nature necessary in this ever-changing world or do these ...

Methodology

The methodology presents the major strategies and techniques that will be used to achieve the major objectives that were set in the research . It will further provide the techniques that will adopt in the answering the several research questions that were identified in the previous chapter. The section will provide strategies that will adopted in the empirical determination of the objective and the respective research questions by introducing the major tools that will be used in the data collection of the data from a predefined and set sample size. Using the a properly determined sample size in this research, ...

An Honest View on Academic Integrity Essay Outline

I. Introduction
A. Studies affirm that many students engage in academic dishonesty such as plagiarism.
1. Students attain academic success through plagiarism
2. Academic dishonesty became a norm in the academic community
B. There is a conflicting view on whether plagiarism, copying, or collaboration on student’s work is ethical or not.
1. Students and faculty have different views and justifications for this behavior
2. A Christian student should view the issue in light of God’s word
C. Thesis Statement: Regardless of any justification such as situational and intellectual conditions of students, the indiscriminate system of education, the ...

United States V. Virginia

518 U.S. 515 (1996)
Factual background: Virginia Military Institute, also known as “VMI” became one of the fifteen (15) sole single-sexed public institutions situated in the state of Virginia. The mission and objective of VMI is to be able to train male citizen soldiers who shall become the leaders in the future. The training inside the institution adheres to the adversative method, where the trainees are required to undergo physical tests, mental stress, absence of privacy among others. During the trial, the District Court admitted that there are females who miss out on the educational opportunity and training being ...

The hundredth anniversary of the Great War seems to have reopened discussions about this conflict in recent times. Preparations for the commemorations next august have stirred up debates over the validity of claims about Britain´s participation in the First World War. British secretary of education Michael Gove, says that some TV shows have spread myths about England´s role in the Great War, have belittled its participation, and have even attempted to clear Germany of blame . He goes on to say that some left-wing historians, such as Cambridge professor Richard Evans, are attacking the memory of British soldiers ...

Psychology of Racism

Psychology of Racism
There is hardly an ideology, more discredited than racism. But there is hardly an ideology or, at least, the mindset, that is more common than racism. Racial discrimination in the United States has deep historical roots and, in fact, is the same age as the country. Society, founded by white people, has always had negative attitude towards people with different skin color: Indians – Native Americans and blacks.
Racial segregation in the United States has officially existed since 1865, with the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery. As examples of racism can serve ...

The philosophy of the Medieval ages was closely interfaced to theology, and the perspective was based on the relation God - person. However, thus the philosophy had, unlike religions, the functions related to its main property - doubt (in the validity of religious doctrines).
In medieval philosophy, it is possible to allocate two stages of its formation – patristic views (2-8 centuries) and scholasticism (11-14 centuries), so to draw a clear line between them is quite difficult.
Patristic views are a set of theology-philosophical views of the "fathers of the church" who undertook Christianity justification, relying on the ancient philosophy ...