Essays on Magnetic Field

ASSIGNMENT 2: ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES

For each Micro Observatory Robotic Telescope Network observation:

position: RA= 13h 24.9m Dec= -7 degrees 28 minutes located in constellation: Libra Distance= 600 million km (33 light minutes) at closest to the Earth Field of view: Normal Exposure time: 15.00 sec. Filter: Grey (ND4)

Hour Angle: -1h 40.4m

Comment on quality of observation: Micro Observatory is run by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Question: Why are some of the targets listed as “not up tonight”? Micro Observatory Robotic Telescope Network observation: Target name: Jupiter Type of object: Planet position: RA= 13h 27.3m Dec= -7 degrees 39 minutes located in constellation: Libra Distance= ...

Continental drift is the theory which proposes that the world was originally made up of a single continent. With the passage of time, this continent was broken up, and it drifted apart to form the seven continents that are present today. It was proposed by Alfred Wegener whose hypothesis stands that the continents are made up of rocks that rest on the heavier weighing rocks on the crust, and this is a movement that is mimicked by icebergs on water. The continents move rigidly. Plate tectonics theory proposes that the Earth’s surface is actually broken up into a ...

The theory of continental drift assumes that the earth is composed of one continent for billions of years. It slowly drifted apart to form the seven continents which could be recognized in the modern times. The drifting of the continents is mainly due to the lighter rocks at the surface which is influenced or moved by the heavier rocks beneath. On the other hand, the plate-tectonics theory assumes that the earth is composed of plates or slabs which are shifting or moving away or towards each other. The movements of the plate depend on the condition and chemistry of ...

Abstract

The study of tiny particles and their applications have emerged as an important area of research in recent years. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties that make the particles useful in numerous applications. Accordingly, the present review investigates the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. The introduction section examines recent advances in nanotechnology and explains the significance of magnetic nanoparticles in scientific research. The section on results and discussion presents the findings of various researchers with a focus on the magnetic properties, synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. ...

Abstract

The field of Nanoscience has evolved due to the other advancements in the other fields of study such as the Nanotechnology. While the latter is a subset of the former, there is credible evidence that points to the fact that Nanotechnology has been developed thanks to various areas such as biology, material science, engineering physics, chemistry and much more. It is the foundation on which the Magnetic Nanoparticles have been embedded. MNP is nanoparticle that has the magnetic manipulation ability. Thus, this paper focuses on the study of the Magnetic Nanoparticles especially how they are formed or synthesized and ...

Three phase induction motors

Introduction The three-phase induction machine is the most widely used among the rotating machines. An induction machine offers an almost constant speed within its normal operating range when operated off a constant-voltage, constant-frequency, and with the electric power source. The cost of purchasing these machines is very low, and they require little maintenance. However, speed control is difficult and very expensive. Therefore, the rotor current of the three phase induction motors is not induced by electrical connections, but rather the rotation of magnetic field.

Squirrel Cage Rotor construction

The rotor type of the motor is made up of a laminated core which is ...

Evaluate And Analyze The Paper I.E. Any Improvements, Why Things were done In the Relative Manner Cibely, O., Olivan, M., Jochen Springer, S. B., Tshiner, A., Figueras, M., & Toledo, M. (2012). Theophylline is able to partially revert cachexia in tumour bearing rats. Nutrition and metabolism.

Introduction/background

Explain the background to the research and how it came to being, name any previous articles used as the basis and explain why they are important, is the article building on previous work or aiming to resolve disagreements in previous studies, state the hypothesis being tested, what is the importance of the research question?

...

Electromagnetic induction can be defined as the production of electromotive voltage or force across an electrical conductor when it dynamically interacts with a magnetic field. There are numerous uses of electromagnetic induction, for example, in electromagnetic elements such as transformers and inductors, electric motors, generators, and transcranial magnetic stimulators.

Applications of Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction is an extremely useful phenomenon with various applications. It’s applied in the creation of eddy currents, which are swirling currents set up in conductors in response to changing magnetic fields. Electrons in the field swirl in a perpendicular plane to the magnetic field causing loss or transformation ...

Article #1

ARTICLE INFORMATION A planet 1,200 light-years away is a good prospect for a habitable world, Friday, May 27, 2016, Astronomy Magazine (News and Observing: Astronomy News): www.astronomy.com/news

RESEARCH SUMMARY

According to research conducted by NASA’S Kepler mission in 2013, Kepler-62f has been discovered as a distant planet from Earth but approximately 40 percent larger than Earth. Kepler-62f is considered one of the exoplanets that could be habitable due to the anticipated oceans and rocks. After extensive observations using an existing HNBody computer model among other climate testing models, Kepler-62f has been considered to be in a position to ...

Introduction

Taking measurements may require the conversion of the measured quantity to electrical quantity. Transducers are devices or elements that perform this function by transforming physical quantities such as quantities like sound, light, or temperature into electrical signals like current, voltage, or capacity. Transducers consist of inputs, sensing elements, transduction elements, signal processing, and electrical outputs. The inputs known as the measurands are the quantities, states, or properties that are to be translated into electrical outputs. The sensing elements accurately measure these input energies and sends the information to the transduction elements to be transformed into the desired form. The ...

Abstract

DC motors are employed and used in various applications to perform various tasks which require the conversion of electric current to mechanical motions. In most cases, DC motors are used as actuators to convert the electric current from the output of a control system to a mechanical motion for a present function. This experiment employed the use of simple and easily available materials to construct a simple homemade DC motor. The project used basic components such as coil of wire, permanent magnet and simple dc battery to construct a simple device which demonstrated the operation of a simple DC ...

Assignment about MRI Physics

The magnetic moment is considered as a vector quantity whose direction is perpendicular to the current loop in a right-hand-rule direction. The magnetic moment of nuclei are the magnetic moment of the nucleus that arises from a spin of protons and neutrons. A magnetic moment of nuclei is dipole moment – the quadrupole moment causes a shift in the hyperfine structure (Mangrum, 2012). Nuclei with non-zero spin have a non-zero magnetic moment while that have zero spins have zero magnetic moments. Different isotopes of an element have a different nuclei magnetic moment. A nucleus with an even number of protons ...

Abstract

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are a type of motors that have permanent magnets mounted on the rotors instead of the rotor windings. This particular design gives the motor a few advantages over ordinary induction synchronous motors. The magnets attached to the rotor do not require excitation, which reduces the power consumption in PMSM. This gives the motor high operational efficiency and reduces the motor active diameter. PMSM are therefore associated with applications that require high torque but have limited operation space. The permanent magnets suffer from flux leakage and are therefore aligned in a pattern that minimizes flux ...

EMP or simply electromagnetic propulsion is that concept of accelerating a given object by means of an electric current that is flowing and the resultant magnetic field. The current (electrical) in this case is utilized to create a magnetic field that is opposing in the system or in some cases to charge some fluid that can have an opposing object rebelling it. In this short paper, we discuss how magnetism can be used to propel trains by means of either EMS or EDS principles.

Maglev trains

Maglev trains, a short form of magnetic levitation trains are modern day trains that employ ...

Medical Equipment: MRI Machine

Over the past few years, technology has advanced significantly in almost all fields. The medical field has witnessed comprehensive technological advancement. It can be attributed to different factors, such as an increase in complicated diseases that call for comprehensive examinations and need for efficiency in medical operation. One of such products of technology in the medical field is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. The equipment presents a lot of benefits to patients and the overall medical fraternity. MRI technology has advanced rapidly over the past few years. The current paper discusses the significance of MRI machine, the types ...

Abstract

The following summary discusses the cooling techniques of atomic vapor in several different ways. Additionally, it tends to relate the evolution of experiments that are used in studying shallow layered fluids. Starting with the atomic condensates, the method is known as trapping. However, it exists in many ways from the laser system to the Bose-Einstein methods. The methods of cooling are different due to the evolutionary progress made by science. The use of laser beams includes the study of light forces on atoms which lead to either an absorption or emission of a photon. While the contraction of matter ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI refers to a technique of medical imaging that is used in radiology in visualizing in details the structure of the organs in the body. MRI utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance property to image the nuclei of atoms that are in the body. A patient lies within a powerful and large magnet where a strong magnetic field generated by the magnet is used to align atomic nuclei magnetization in the body. Radio frequency magnetic fields are then applied in order to systematically alter the magnetic alignment. This results to the production of a rotating magnetic field by the nuclei that can ...

Artic Exploration and the Future of the Arctic

The response to the question seeking the rationale for Isaac Israel Hayes setting off for the Open Polar Sea was to determine the farthest or northern most portion of the Earth and therefore establish claim for having been able to navigate the Arctic seas to the farthest point possible.

Currently, the global warming and climate change was noted to have provided the impetus for explorers, entrepreneurs, and environmentalists to exhibit interests in exploring resources within the Arctic territories. These nations include Russia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, and even the United States of America. According to the article written by Graff ( ...

Question 1

Jupiter was the first giant planet formed.

Question 2

According to the Nice theory where did the Kuiper belt objects and Oort cloud objects come from?

Kuiper belt objects come from the out edge of Solar System where huge spheres made of rock and ice that circle around Pluto’s orbit. The objects took their name from Gerard Kuiper who suggested that comets may come from the Kuiper belt. This group of planetoids is called Kuiper belt objects (KBO). The first KBO named “1991 QB1” was discovered in 1992. The plant Pluto also belongs to the group of KBO. Some ...

1.Jupiter was the first. Giant lies just beyond the frost line. As the frost line accumulated great amounts of water via evaporation from infalling icy material, it created a zone of lower pressure that increased the speed of orbiting dust particles and halted their motion toward the Sun. As a result , the frost line acted as a barrier whice lead material to accumulate. This excess material coalesced into a huge embryo of around 10 Earth masses, which then began to grow rapidly by swallowing hydrogen from the surrounding disc, reaching 150 Earth masses in only another 1000 years and finally topping out at ...

Lab Report 7

Introduction The electrical motor is the device, which converts electrical energy into the mechanical energy. It is must to analyze the characteristics of electric motor. The electric motor is always considered as the dynamic device, which changes its performance influenced by various factors. It is necessary to analyze the important electrical parameters of the electric motor, in order, to use the electrical motor for the particular applications. The electric motor is used in the applications like pumping, home appliances, lifts, cranes, etc. This report discusses about the construction of the electrical motor, and mainly, it discusses about the ...

Introduction

There are many resemblances that can be observed in magnetic and electric phenomena. A magnet comprised of north and south poles which are opposite to each other. The opposite poles attract and likewise repel each other. A magnet has principle property to influence the surrounding space. This surrounding effect of a magnet is known as a magnetic field. Magnetic fields consist of lines of force and force of attraction and repulsion that travel/or move along the lines. The developed forces depend on strength and distance apart the poles. Figure 1: Magnetic lines of force for bar magnet A ...

Introduction

At the centre of the solar system is the Sun. The nearest four planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars these are terrestrial and rocky worlds. The next four are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune these are gas giants. Between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars lies an asteroid belt that includes the dwarf planet of Ceres. After the orbit of Neptune, a disk shaped Kupiter belt exists where the dwarf planet Pluto exists and further beyond that there is a giant spherical Oort Cloud and the heliopause that is teardrop shaped (Choi).

History and Discovery

Many ancient astronomers thought that the Earth used ...

The websites defines space weather as “conditions in space that change from time to time.” This weather is not the same as the weather we define for the planet Earth (which is determined by temperature, air pressure, the speed and direction of the wind, etc) but they share some certain characteristics. The space weather circumstances can easily be modified by a number of factors, such as the changes in the sun’s radiations, the changes in the speed and pressure of the solar wind (a flow of charged particles), and the shift in the strengths and directions of the magnetic fields. ...

5- Cuk converter analysis .

6- Overview on Series Connection of DC-DC Converters... 7- Reference..

Introduction

There are various methods that determine the existence of DC-DC voltage conversion. Each method has certain benefits and drawbacks based on the operating conditions and specifications, such as voltage conversion ratio range, the maximal output power, power conversion efficiency, number of components, power density, galvanic separation of input and output and many others. When designing a fully-integrated DC-DC converter, the specifications are relevant; however, some of them gain weight due to the emergence of restrictions. For instance, in the case of IC technology, the options and availability of the ...

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Introduction

Radiographic treatments are based on the novel concepts of three-dimensional anatomy along with cross-sectional anatomy. The advancement in the art of computer science proposes the enhanced knowledge about the human body organized in a stronger and conceptual way. This is a computer’s era where dealing with plain text has become outdated. Knowledge engineering facilitates the designing and creation of symbolic information in a much more steady and supple manner. Computer graphics crafts the realistic interactive three-dimensional (3D) models of human anatomy and physiology. CT and MR provided information ...

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The Sun has been with us for 4 billion years, and is the nearest star to the Earth. The Sun is comprised of about 74% of hydrogen, 25% of helium, and 1% of other elements. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of about 5800 K. The core of the Sun has a temperature ranging from 10 – 15 million Kelvin. This temperature range is high enough to activate nuclear fusion within the Sun. Here, four protons will fuse together to obtain a helium nucleus containing two protons and two neutrons via a proton-proton chain. The core of the ...

Communication

Communication

Introduction

Radio communication is one of the earliest forms of communication. It involves the transmission of information through electromagnetic waves, traveling at the speed of light. Radio communication has two main components: radio transmitter and radio receiver. A radio transmitter is an electronic device that initiates the communication process by generating radio waves containing information targeting a specific audience. A receiver refers to an electronic gadget that obtains the signals and converts them into an easily understandable format. It consists of the antenna, amplifier, tuner and detector (Lowe, n.d.). The antenna intercepts electromagnetic waves in the air and converts them ...

The lightning rod functions by providing a path of least resistance to ground. This path conducts excessive current that is generated in the event of a lightning. The lightning rod is part of the lightning protection system components. The rod connects to a thick piece of copper wire which is attached to a conductive underground grid. According to the lighting diversion theory by Franklin, the lightning rod offers protection to structures by providing a path of least resistance to the earth. When a lightning strikes there is a sudden discharge which is drawn to the lightning rod since it’s the highest point on the building ...

The work analyzed within the framework of this assignment is “Synthesis of magneto‑sensitive iron‑containing nanoparticles by yeasts” prepared by Vainshtein M., Belova N., Kulakovskaya T., Suzina N. and Sorokin V. It is dedicated to study of forming magneto-sensitive nanoparticles in the conditions of applied magnetic fields. In particular, the stimulation role of magnetic fields is investigated and tested. As a result, the works allows us to see results of magneto-sensitive nanoparticles biosynthesis by the help of yeasts.

Summary of the Methods and Achievements of the Work Reported

The second species considered, S. cerevisiae SUF was incubated using the medium with Fe(II)SO4 × 7H2O, 0.05. Inoculum took place ...

1. Introduction to the Technique Magnification and high resolution imaging are very important in materials science, especially at present when nanotechnology materials are being created. Magnification and high resolution imaging can help in the characterization, identification, and confirmation of the existence of the desired material. Magnification and high resolution imaging become problems when the size of the assessed material becomes too small; such as, they are beyond the micrometer scale. Ordinary techniques in microscopy such as light microscopy where in a traditional light microscope is used could not suffice. Fortunately, in 1931, two scientists named Ernst Ruska and Mx ...

Transport is a key factor of economy well as useful tool used for development of a society rather nation for its intensive use. Good transportation can create market and various social opportunities. There are various modes of transportations like train, bus, car, ship, aeroplane, etc. But fossil fuel, used in all modes of transportation, has become big concern in today’s world due to carbon emission causing environment pollution or global warming. So, the core idea of future transportation has become to diminish carbon emission and for this reason electricity and magnetism have become popular for their potential use in transport ...

Question 1: Rationale and Comparative Advantages

The technology behind PET-MRI presents a major stride in terms of nuclear medicine. Since the inception of nuclear medicine as a discipline, the overall medical domain has received a huge boost in terms of precision in diagnosis and treatment (Boss at al., 2010). However, the PET-MRI is the most recent advancement in this field and is promising to impact on medicine in a very positive manner. The contemporary world is faced by a myriad of intricate health conditions that require an equally sophisticated approach. It is the technologies such as the PER-MRI that hold the key to the 21st century medicine. PET-MRI is a hybrid ...

Abstract— Faraday's Law is used to estimate the magnetic field of the magnet from the maximum induced voltage. This paper presents the report of the experiment on Faraday’s Law of induction. In this experiment Faraday's Law and Lenz's Law are examined, along with the concepts of magnetic flux and conservation of energy. The experiment was carried out by using a wand having a coil at its end. This coil is made to swing through the magnetic field of a horse magnet. The induced EMF stated by Faraday and the reason for the minus sign added to it by Lenz has been ...

Abstract

The word technology may be in the talk of time for most individuals, however, little do they know what impacts all this development. The existence of visual systems, audio systems and other complex equipment all give credit to the early discoveries. Discovery of atoms, ions and later electrons simplified everything. It is from theses that energy was developed. One of the most promising techniques used by scientists is the charge to mass ratio of electrons. It helped in observing the nature of materials. This lab report aims at analyzing the Sir J. Thompson`s experiment of evaluating charge to ...

Electricity and magnetism will propel the future transportation system, and it will make our travel safe, smooth, but faster than other conventional transport system. The new transportation technology is magnetic levitation or Maglev, and in this transportation technology, the train remains suspended and move in the air freely without any support but, under a strong electromagnetic field. The speed of maglev vehicles can be between 300 to 500 kmph. The technology is based on the familiar property of magnets that the opposite poles attract and same poles repel. For example, the north pole of a magnet will attract the South Pole of ...

Lab Report

Objective: To explore the characteristics of three single-phase transformers in a three-phase configuration. Figure 1: Lab 1, Diagram. - Star- Star (Y-Y) Connection In star- star or Y-Y connection, each phase is 120° out of period with the extra two periods. In the same way, each secondary winding is 120° out of phase with the other two phases. Every primary winding is magnetically connected with secondary winding using the common leg. When talking about primary to secondary phases we will see that there is no phase difference in primary-secondary connections. It simplifies that both, primary and derived ...

Velocity Sensors:

Abstract: In the monitoring and analysis of vibrations in industrial machinery and other devices, machine mounted sensors are of critical importance. There are three parameters representing motion that can be detected by vibration monitors, and they include velocity, acceleration and displacement. These parameters are mathematically related and therefore they can be derived from a variety of vibration sensors. Due to this relationship, the choice of sensor, whether acceleration, velocity or displacement is dependent on the signal levels involved and the frequencies of interest. This paper briefly explores and discusses the history, theories, and applications of velocity sensors as well ...

Introduction

Wireless electricity conduction is a fascinating subject. Such technology is still in its early stages, but the importance of its development will be significant to humanity worldwide. Statistics indicate that the world population is increasing by the day. Many nations are constantly trying to improve the quality of living of their citizens. These trends only serve to reveal the growing demand for energy globally. Wireless electricity is a modern technological concept of transmission of electrical energy to devices without the use of wires. With this technology, it is be virtually possible to power or charge gadgets, without wiring them to a power ...

- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT - Aims and objectives The health risk assessment of MRI is incomplete yet and a number of gaps in our knowledge about the ill-effects of MRI have been identified. The effects of exposure to static fields above 8 T are not known. Only a little is known about the increased sensitivity of some people to CNS stimulation by the electric fields in switched gradient fields. There are concerns about the increased heat loads on infants and pregnant women. Hence, well-targeted research is required to complete the health risk assessment (Health Protection Agency, 2008). ...

Lab Section

- Theory When charged particles flow through a given magnetic field, force is exerted on them. Likewise, charged particles that are in motion induce magnetic fields around the conductor in which they flow. Biot-Savart law is stated by the formula shown below; dB=μo IdL*r4πr3 In the formula, µo represents the permeability of free space, r represents vector displacement pointing from the section of the wire carrying current to the point whose magnetic field is being determined, and dl refers to a vector quantity with the value equal to the length of the segment of current. ...

Theory

A magnetic field refers to magnetic control of electric currents and the magnetic materials, specified by both direction and strength. It results from moving electric charges and the magnetic moments of elementary particles related with their spin. It can also be defined as its force exerted on a charged particle in motion. Magnetic field lines normally form in concentric circles around a current currying conductor cylindrical in nature for example a length of wire. The strength of the magnetic field is inversely proportional to the length of the wire or the distance for an infinite length.

Biot–Savart law describes the magnetic field generated by a steady current, I to be equivalent to;

Where; - dℓ refers to ...

1. Introduction The motor is an electrical device, which converts electrical energy into the mechanical energy. The electric motor operates by the interaction of the magnetic and the current to generate the force. The electric motor operates in generating or braking modes. The industrial fans, pumps, and motors are being powered by the direct electric current sources. The small types of motor is being found in the electric watches [1]. The motor has highly standardized dimensions with the good mechanical power to the industries. The high capacity motors is being found in the ship propulsion and compression. The ...

Objective

1. Introduction An induction motor is an AC motor, which the electric current in the rotor produces the torque. An induction motor requires commutation. All parts of the energy is transferred from stator to rotor. Three phase squirrel cage induction motor is widely used in the industrial application. In induction motor, the AC power creates the rotating magnetic field that rotates the rotor. This rotating magnetic field produces the opposing current in the rotor. This creates the magnetic field in the rotor, which opposes the rotating magnetic field. The rotor will start to rotate in the direction of ...

Nikola Tesla, in the year 1987 filed several series of patents that touched on everything that was needed to generate electricity by use of alternating current (AC). Tesla pointed out all the inefficiencies of direct current (DC) electrical power house by Edison. The secret to pinpointing this lay in the innovation of alternative current. According to him, alternative current provided cyclic energies and could send electrical energy first one way along distribution lines using multiple waves by use of polyphase principle. Prior to his inventing of AC could be converted into one point direction using inefficient device referred as ...

Introduction.

Current generates magnetic field β of which its direction and magnitude highly depends on the geometry of the coil in which charge flows through. Coils can have different geometric shapes; circular, torus and two circular coils with current flowing in either the same or opposite direction. In such different coil geometry therefore, the magnetic field β can be determined using Ampere’s and Biot-Savart Laws’.

Instruments/apparatus.

- Bar magnet. - Insulated copper wire Circular and toroidal coil - Cardboard tube. - Galvanometer.

Procedure and Observation.

- The insulated copper wire was wrapped around the cardboard tube to form a single circular coil and ...

The experiment was to use the coiled wire and a magnet to produce current. The apparatus used to do this experiment were bar magnet, insulated copper wire a sensitive current measuring device and a paper towel.Procedure used.Wrapped the insulated copper wire around the cardboard tube and formed a solenoid. Then connected each end of the wire to the terminals of the current measuring device and switched it on (galvanometer) to complete the circuit.Inserted the bar magnet inside the solenoid and moved it faster and slower and switched off the galvanometer disconnect the circuitReduced the number of turns in the solenoid and repeated the ...

Meissner effect is one of the remarkable properties of superconductors. Most superconductors are metals and metal alloys. However, some non-metals also exhibit superconductive properties hence they are regarded as superconductors. A superconductor refers to a material that can transfer electric current with zero resistance. This implies that when electric current is passed through a superconductor at a temperature below the critical temperature value (Tc), no energy is lost in any form: sound, heat, or light. It is important to point out that superconductivity of a material can only be observed at temperature below the critical temperature (Tc). Critical temperature values vary from one ...

References 13

Abstract The focal purpose of the Voyager Interstellar Mission has been to broaden the NASA exploration of the solar system further than the quarter of the outer planets and extend to the limits of the sphere of influence on the sun and even beyond. This expansive mission has been continued to characterize the environment of the outer solar system and has also assisted in search for heliopause boundary i.e. the outward flow of solar wind and the outer limits of solar magnetic field. Heliopause boundary penetration between the interstellar medium and the solar wind allows in measuring interstellar ...

Introduction.

The magnetic field β, in a solenoid coil of N turns with a medium magnetic permeability μ and length ɭ through a current flow ɪ, can be computed from the following equation. β = μNɪ ---------- equation 1. β = μNɪ ɭ = μNɪ ---------- equation 2. ɭ (ɭ2 + D2)½ (ɭ2 + D2)½ The above equation 1 only provides the magnetic field strength at the center of the coil, but because unavoidable parallax errors on measurement would normally arise, the equation is modified by a correction factor D, the coils diameter and appears as in equation 2. Depending on the direction of currents flow, magnetic field in a wire or a solenoid coil ...

- Sticker info Q. Most plug-in electrical devices in your home or school have a sticker on the bottom or back that describes some of their electrical characteristics. Find one near you and share it. What can you understand about the device from looking at this sticker? The device in consideration is an HUAWEI travel charger. The charger indicates that it will require an electricity input of 100 – 240 volts. Its output is 5.0 V, and a current of 400mA. This means that if the input and output conditions are not met, the device may be destroyed or not ...

1) A we know the image that we can see using ultrasound imaging systems is created by the reflection of the high frequency waves or echoes from the organs. Different organs have different velocities, so the reflection of the waves from these organs will be different, also the time between emission of the pulse and receiving the echo determines the distance between the organ which produced the echo and the transducer. Based on these datas the image is formed. As the velocity of the soft tissues and their place is different, different images will be created. 2) a: ...

In modern world transportation is the heart of civilization. There are different modes of transportations – train, ship, aeroplane, vehicles run on road such as bus, cars etc. In all modes of transportation fossil fuel is generally used. But the carbon emission from fossil fuel-burning-combustion engine vehicles causes environment pollution or global warming which is also a big concern in today’s world. So, primary objective has become to reduce the use of fossil fuel-burning-combustion engine vehicles in transportation as far as possible. The core idea of future transportation is to decrease emissions. For last few decades researchers have been developing ...

Historical background of the voyager programmes

The Voyager programs were launched in America in 1977 with an aim of studying the planetary systems in Jupiter and Saturn. Initially, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were used in this mission for 12 years until 1989. After this period, Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM) was launched with an objective of extending the exploration of the solar system. VIM background and mission According to NASA (6), the scope of VIM goes beyond Jupiter and Saturn planets to include outer planets and outer limits of the sun’s influence. The mission seeks to establish the heliopause frontier, outer limits ...

Introduction

There are many techniques that are being used today to examine the functionality of the human brain. Most of the current technologies emerged in early 1990s. Some of the technologies that are used for brain imaging include; computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetoncephalography (MEG). This paper will look at the history of these techniques used for brain imaging(Katz & Alexander 1994). 1895 – 1900 Early uses of brain imaging The process of imaging human dieses started in 1895 following the discovery of Wilhelm Roentagen. He was a physicist that ...

Introduction

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is referred to as a test that makes use of the magnetic field as well as the radio waves in order to produce the pictures of organs of the body. It also produces the structures of the of the body (Pettersson 1998). It has been found out that MRI normally produces pictures of the organ of the body in a very different manner. However, it differs with some techniques such as X-ray, ultrasound or computed tomography. MRI again can produce some problems which might otherwise not be found using other techniques already mentioned. Image quality of MRI ...

Introduction

Electromagnetism refers to the creation of a magnetic force from the movement of electrical charges. In order to find application in most electrical appliances, electromagnetism concerns the use of electric current to make electromagnets. This field of electricity is called Electrodynamics. It can also mean using magnetic field to induce an electric current. This field of electromagnetism is called Electromagnetic Induction. Almost all electrical appliances use one of the two types of electromagnetism mentioned above especially those with moving parts. This paper discusses the application of electromagnetism in a speaker.

Application of electromagnetism in a speaker

The speaker is basically an electronic transducer which converts electric energy ...

In order to understand the relationship between light, magnetism and electricity, it is necessary to understand electromagnetism force, since this is the basis upon which the relationship is embarked on. In this essence, it should be noted that it is impossible to have electricity, in the absence of magnetism. This is because electricity conduction is only achieved through magnetic transmission. Electricity, to start with, is the energy charge that is transmitted through the flow of electrons through a conducting agent from one point to the next. This is referred to as an electric current. One of the most essential things ...

Hall Effect sensors are transducers that respond to a magnetic field through varying their output voltage. They mainly consist of a thin piece of rectangular semiconductor like gallium arsenide passing a continuous current in it. They are used in current sensing, speed detection, positioning and proximity switching. They are also used many ignition distribution systems and monitoring of the engine rotations per minute. They produce an on off voltage signal that can vary from maximum to zero and then back to maximum (WMC 1).

Functioning

A hall sensor has three terminals or wires. One terminal is for the ground, the second terminal for ...

Magnetism is the ability of a material to exhibit attraction or repulsion of certain magnetic materials due to the presence of magnetic fields. Magnetism may be permanent or temporary depending on whether a material is a hard or soft magnetic material. Magnetism arises from the existence of small atom-like structures referred to as magnetic domains that, when aligned, cause the effect of magnetism to be pronounced in a magnetic material (Huebener, 135). Magnetism depends on the alignment of domains and in the same direction. As such, increase in temperatures results in increased random movement of domains, and hence affecting their alignment. On ...