Essays on Mantle

Continental drift is the theory which proposes that the world was originally made up of a single continent. With the passage of time, this continent was broken up, and it drifted apart to form the seven continents that are present today. It was proposed by Alfred Wegener whose hypothesis stands that the continents are made up of rocks that rest on the heavier weighing rocks on the crust, and this is a movement that is mimicked by icebergs on water. The continents move rigidly. Plate tectonics theory proposes that the Earth’s surface is actually broken up into a ...

Part 1

Question 1 Tectonic plate motion refers to the movement of continental and oceanic plates from one place to another due to the effect of forces that generally act on these plates. These movements cause some effects to the surrounding environment and even to the earth surface in general. A scientist by the name of Wegner had earlier on formulated a theory that instituted some of the facts and evidence backing this presence of continental drift that had happened some time back in history (Runcorn, 2013). Furthermore, the critical evidence in support of continental drift is the jigsaw fitness of ...

Hawai'i was the 50th state to join the USA. It comprises 132 islands and is said to be the home of volcanic islands. These islands reside in the Central Pacific Ocean. Moana Loa is one of the top most active volcanoes that had formed the island of Hawaii in the ocean (Networks, 2016). The movement of plate tectonics has resulted in the volcanic eruption and, however, the volcano towering and presence of valleys had a significant impact on the economic value.

Theory of plate tectonics

Plate tectonics theory explains that upper layer of the earth’s surface is segregated into various plates that ...

Introduction

While conducting research, various methods are used in gathering the samples and testing them and coming up with the realized results of analysis. Surveys were done take multiple forms depending on the discipline under the study. Social sciences make the have numerous subjects and under them falls education and leadership. Getting deeper into the field of education, a researcher can decide to use several optional methods when conducting the study. Among them is observation, interviews, case studies, surveys, laboratory experiments and field studies. In spite of this variation in the possible methods that are implemented, a common ground involved ...

Self-awareness played a significant role in Helgesen’s life since it changed the way she perceived her abilities as a writer and made her feel that she could contribute a lot to the society through her books. She, therefore, trusted herself and her expertise that pushed her to endure difficult periods trying to write her first book that did not even earn much recognition when it was initially released. Self-awareness also pushed her to understand the role she had in providing talks and serving as leaders in spite of the fact that women were at that time seen as ...

Part One: Primate Observation Field Notes

The observations of the primate took place at San Francisco Zoo. The following information provides the comments on the field notes made about the two primates – the Colobus Monkey and the Western Lowland Gorilla. The Colobus Monkey – a medium sized monkey of moderate build at San Francisco Zoo is found in the Doelger Primate Discovery Center (DPDC). Together with other species such as the pied tamarins, black howler monkey, siamangs and the squirrel monkeys, the colobus monkey is managed at DPDC under the Association of Zoos and Aquariums’ Species Survival Plans. These plans are designed to protect those species ...

The continental plate in the eastern part of Asia is composed of various volcanoes and tectonic movements. Most of the volcanic rocks in this region are composed of alkali basalts with signs of continental contamination. There are various models that explain the region’s magmatic evolution. The two most common models used to explain the movements refers to the surficial processes and the other one refers to the deeper processes associated with the Pacific ocean plate. These two processes are antithetic and may hay happen subsequently. The volcanism can be traced by tomographic imaging that can be directly associated ...

Artwork designed by Stefan Sagmeister has intrigued many art loving people from all walks of life. In one of the most phenomenal exhibitions in MOV's 12-decade unbeaten history, he presented an amazing experience to transcend the demarcation between art and design. His work takes taken over museum galleries, in-between gaps -stairwells, boardrooms, and many other places; just to ask what makes people happy (Typeface Tuesdays: Stefan Sagmeister 1-2). Stefan Sagmeister does not just design a piece of art for nothing. He is among the select few who understand that that art is not throwing paint on paper, but rather ...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fundamental idea about the phenomenon of Supernovae and their significance in understanding the nature of our universe. This paper shall be trying to make an in-depth analysis of different types of supernovae that had been observed in universe and also the factors that cause them. Even though the paper does not go deeper into the technical aspects of observing supernovae and the characteristics of their each type, a significant amount of study has been conducted to make an understanding of how they are observed and the characteristics that make each ...

Internet on Children

Abstract The Internet continues to raise controversy in recent years about existing and potentials harms and (more shyly, benefits), particularly by parents and pediatricians. The arguments are, apparently, based on concern for children's mental and physical health amid warnings of dire consequences for extensive hours spent on social media and gaming platforms. Assuming a scientific mantle, pediatricians emphasize harmful effects of Internet for children, only exacerbating parental concern. This paper argues, in contrast, for practical and confirmed benefits of Internet use for cognitive and social skills. By engaging children in meaningful learning and gaming activities, parents and educators do ...

Catharine Beecher

Catherine Beecher was an educator who was years ahead of her time and discussed the importance of educating women. She was also keen on experimenting with food and believed strongly in making palate pleasing food (NWHM). She would converse with Fannie Farmer over her career as a culinary expert and would probably discuss that during her time, women did not have the same opportunities. She could also discuss with Fannie about the relevance of gender roles in the families and how they both remained unmarried but contributed significantly to food in America. With Fannie Rogarshevsky she would discuss the ...

Question 1

Convection is organized by the circular motion of water flow or air through thermal changes in the density and gravitational attraction, which originate from the source of heat and decrease in the colder outer layers.

Craton is a lithosphere platform with the foundation of Precambrian age.

Earthquake magnitude is a scale characterizing the energy released during an earthquake in the form of seismic waves. Focus is an area of occurrence of underground hits in the earth's crust or upper mantle, resulting in an earthquake. Epicenter – is the central point of the surface of the earthquake focus. Isostasy is hydrostatic equilibrium state of the earth's crust, when the Earth's less dense ...

[Subduction Initiation]

Abstract

The major purpose of this report is to explore the process of subduction initiation by looking at its implications. The initiation of subduction is among the main plate tectonic process hence it comes out as an important subject of study when exploring the geological structure of the Earth. In order to explore all the elements associated with this, the paper is categorized into topics that cover important aspects. First, it is important to study when and why subduction initiation begins since this will give a picture about its relation with plate tectonic movement. It comes out that ...

Volcanoes often vary in terms of shape and structure. Some volcanoes can be small, cone-shaped, or some can be characterized as simply cracks in the earth’s crust where lava and other volcanic materials erupt; some volcanoes can be large and shaped like domes, shields; and lastly, there are volcanoes that are shaped like a mountain with a matching crater or a system of craters on its summit. There are numerous mechanisms how volcanoes are formed: the most common type of volcanism (mechanism how volcanoes are formed) is hot spot volcanism.

Most volcanoes are formed when an unusual magma activity forms in ...

Part I

It is apparent that understanding self is vital in becoming an authentic leader. Self-awareness assumed a strategic role in Sally Helgesen’s story of leadership. Through self-awareness, Sally was able to establish her abilities and weaknesses. This offered her a chance of capitalizing on her strengths while checking on her failures. In essence, Sally gained confidence with herself through self-awareness. The author of the story highlights that Sally initially doubted her ability in becoming an authentic leader. However, this changed with time, as she eventually gains the confidence with her potential to take up the challenging role of leadership (Northouse, 2013).

...

In 1968, the research vessel Glomar Challenger ventured on a year-long scientific expedition, between South America and Africa and drilled core samples at specific locations assigned to it. When tested, these samples provided the conclusion that proved the seafloor spreading hypothesis to be true. The JOIDES Resolution is a deep-sea drilling ship of the 1990s. This ship is capable of carrying more than 9,000 m of drill pipe. It is also known for its precise positioning and deeper drilling than the Glomar Challenger.

According to the maps and diagrams on the website, where are the major concentrations of the world's earthquakes? Where do most of the earthquakes in Europe occur?

The most important concentration of earthquakes occurs in the region so called Ring of Fire, which encircles ...

Explain how the outward flow of energy from the Earth’s interior drives the process of plate Tectonics

All the earth processes are a result of energy flow and mass circulation in and outside of the earth system. Plate tectonics is an earth process that involves the movement of the lithosphere caused by internal processes inside the earth’s mantle (Kent C 154). This is as a result of convection currents within the earth’s crust caused by the heat in the crust. This heat in the crust is due to the initial heat during the earth’s formation and through the radioactive process. The earth’s core is made of radioactive elements such as uranium which decay and ...

1) Explain how the outward flow of energy from the Earth’s interior drives the process of plate tectonics?

The outermost layer of earth, or lithosphere, is broken up into tectonic plates. The boundaries of the plates and their movement leads to the formation of earthquakes, volcanic activity, creation of mountains, and the formation of oceanic trenches. Tectonic plates are formed from either oceanic crust or continental crust, with many containing both. The movement of the plates varies from 0-100mm in a given year. The movement of these plates comes from the outward energy of flow that comes from earth’s central core. Radioactivity produced from elements within earth’s core, such as uranium, decay and release energy. The ...

1) Explain how the outward flow of energy from the Earth’s interior drives the process of plate tectonics?

The earth’s composition consists of a crust, mantle and core. The earth’s core consists of elements like uranium which are radioactive. Due to the phenomenon of radioactivity, these elements decay and trigger a reaction. Because of this a large amount of energy is produced in the core and inner core of the earth. Because of this energy, the core of the earth is very hot and in a molten state. This heat is transferred from the core to the crust by the process convection currents formed in the molten core, creating a cycle of rising and falling of the molten material. This ...

2) There are justifications on the presence of the moon. Perhaps, collision-ejection theory of the moon gives an explains on the issues. The theory asserts that the moon exists due to the formation of debris ejected from the earth, especially when objects crushed. Collision-ejection theory claims that the newly formed earth collided with mars at an angle, which splashed the layers of the earth surface into the orbit around it. This implies that the Earth crust and mantle formed the moon though condensation. There are various facts on the moon that the theory is consistent with. Some of the ...

Introduction

There are different ethical issues in the medical field just as there are in many other fields. Learning how to address them before they arise is critical. The decisions involved in organ procurement and allocation can at times involve ethical dilemmas. The main aim of organ transplanting is to reap medical benefits including saving lives and increasing the quality of life. All the necessary protocols should be observed so that the interests of all the parties involved including the donors, allocators and receivers are considered. There are different individuals how hold different positions regarding what is ethical and whether ...

In this assignment, food analysis involves involve several procedures that have been used to identify the various methods with which the fats, salts, ash and moisture in food are subjected to different conditions to produce results. Several methods have been used with a combination of different solutions that have been able to produce different results. Therefore, this report would include several methods that were applied on fats, salts, ash as well as moisture in food. For instance, soxhlet method would be used in the determination of fat content in foods, Mohr method was used to determine the amount of salt ...

Over the past 90 years the most incredible novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby” was filmed five times by different directors. The first movie came out in 1926 and the last screen version of the book was released last year. Hence, the whole world has had an opportunity to enjoy not only the significant novel of the great American author, but the five screening versions of the exciting story as well. The most famous screen adaptations were presented to the viewers in 1974 and in 2013. And if the old version the most vividly shows the tragic ...

Background

More than six months ago, on June 27, a volcanic eruption occurred in Hawaii, its lava continuing to bubble till September. It crawled its way from the erupted volcano till the edges of the nearest village, causing people to evacuate from their homes. The leading edge of the lava flow was about 110 meters wide with an average speed of 5 meters per hour. The volcanic eruption occurred at the mountain Kilauea. Volcano experts quote Kilauea as “the most continuously active volcano on Earth; lava streaming into the ocean at a steady rate of around 5 [metres per second] for years ...

Abstract

Since its founding in 1886 by three brothers, Robert, James, and Edward Johnson, Johnsons & Johnsons has reached more than 275 operating companies around the world to include Asia, Europe, Asia Pacific and Africa. Its goal of creating new and better products for customers and healthcare professionals pushed it to expand into three product segments: Pharmaceuticals, Consumers, and Medical Devices and Diagnostics (MDD). In 2013, it stood as one of the top 10 companies in the United States in its Pharmaceutical segment. It has driven growth through a concerted effort to restore reliability in providing products to its consumers with a focused ...

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Vitrophyre Rhyolite in Valles Caldera

Vitrophyre Rhyolite is a type of igneous rock found in the Sante Fe and Valles Caldera areas of New Mexico (see map). Rhyolites are the extrusive equivalents of the plutonic rocks and hence the Rhyolite outcrops closely resemble granite formations. They are composed of high content of Silica and low in iron and magnesium. The Rhyolite melts are intensely polymerized and their lavas are very viscous. The Rhyolites are also known to occur in volcanic plugs and ...

The formation of the moon Luna trends in the scientific world with many scientists attempting to develop theories of formation. Numerous theories endeavor to explain the formation of the moon Luna (Casey 14). Nevertheless, every theory has its disadvantages. Thus, scientists are continually conducting research to determine the most feasible theories. Explanation of formation of moon Luna has always been of focal importance to scientist. Several theories have come forth with attempts to demystify the formation of the moon Luna. Most of them at some point have fallen short of satisfactory evidence to support their claim. With the research ...

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Introduction

In the scientific world, many radical scientific principles go through a tumultuous progression before the scientific community accepts them. This was the case with the continental drift theory, a landmark theory in geology. When it was proposed, the scientific community received the continental drift theory with ridicule. However, with time, the theory underwent a series of reinforcement from accumulating evidence in support of the theory. In the end, it emerged as the greatest geological principle of all time. The continental drift theory was the brainchild of Alfred Wegener. Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist born in 1980. He acquired a PhD in astronomy from ...

Engineering is perceived as one of the most crucial fields in the modern society, especially as a result of the growing urgency in addressing the various environmental issues. Development of environmental friendly sources is one area that has attracted the attention of most engineers. Geothermal energy is one of the sources that have been developed, which is also gaining popularity in most parts of the globe. Geothermal energy is described as the energy that is resultant from the heat of the earth (Hansen, 31). Scientists argue that the center of the earth is molten because it is extremely hot. ...

Omer Bese

Supervised Asst. Prof. Fusun Tut Haklidir

Energy Systems Enginering

Istanbul Bilgi University 2014

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATIONS 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Goal of the Study 3 1.2. Renewable Energy Sources 3 1.3. Geothermal Energy 3 1.3.1. What is Geothermal Energy? 3 1.3.2 Geothermal Reservoirs 4 1.3.3 Present Status of Geothermal Energy 7 1.4 Geothermal Applications around the World 7 1.4.1Geothermal Applications in Turkey 8

Flash steam power plants 10

Single Flash 10 Double Flash 11 Triple Flash 11 Binary Steam Power Plants 11 Binary Cycle Types and Differences 11 ...

Analysis and comparison of two arts

Panel painting of a woman in a blue mantle is a two-dimensional art created in Egypt in 68 C.E. it is made of encaustic on wood. The artistic intentionally uses light blue color, brown color, and black color to create an amazing masterpiece and convey the intended information. The artist pleasingly tries to balance and combine the colors in an amazing manner. The artist uses thick lines on the frame of the work; lines that vary in intensity and chunkiness. The rectangular masterpiece is seemingly rough and an abstract that perfectly represents Emperor Nero’s mother. On the other hand, Head ...

Venice and Maldives are two of the world's island regions covered almost completely by water. These regions have some similarities and differences which make then much important. A study on Venice and Maldives will reveal features present in them and the problems both regions are facing at the present point in time.

Venice

The city of Venice and seaport is located in Italy in Veneto region. It is located within 118 minor islands which are linked with the bridges and separated by canals. The beauty of this situation is its artworks and architecture characterization that distinguish it. Venice has a population ...

Religion is the most common universal belief in which its importance lies on the moral values that guide people in life in following the path to righteousness. For some, it provides answers in their quest for meaning and purpose in life while others view it as a way to achieve their hopes and aspirations. In some cultures, religion arises out of a major phenomenon that symbolizes their history of political and social struggles which contributes a huge part of their culture and way of life. One example is the phenomenon of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Mexico which influenced cultural, social and ...

English

V for vendetta is a film and book series about social change. It depicts a futuristic view of the world in which free men find themselves getting more and more oppressed. The United Kingdom is under the control of the nosfire party which rules with an iron fist to say the least. This party is merciless and relentless in its campaign aimed at ethnic cleansing. This ethnic cleansing includes but is not limited to the elimination of groups that the party considers as undesirable. Such parties include homosexuals, Muslims and members of the opposition party. In these dark times a symbol of ...

Introduction

The name diamond owes its origin to Greece. The term is a corruption of the Greek term Adamas, which means the invincible or the unbreakable. In mineralogy, diamond refers to an allotrope of carbons, which is capable of transiting from one state to another. The carbon atoms within the mineral are arranged in a cubic-centered crystal known as the diamond lattice. The diamond mineral has the formula C and exists in Isometric-Hexoctahedral (cubic) crystal system. It is also essential to note that diamond exists in the space group C63/mmc. Diamond exists in different varieties, as distinguished by their colors. Typically, ...

Introduction

This research paper discusses the phenomenon of earthquakes – the geography and distribution of where they occur, and the explanations of the forces and processes involved. The theory explains why they occur more in some places than others and describes related phenomena including volcanic activity.

The Research

The accepted theory of the cause of most earthquakes cites the continuous movements of huge sections of the earth’s crust (known as the lithosphere), which comprises tectonic plates (Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics” 1977), which are further classified as either oceanic or continental plates, dependent on their location on the Earth’s surface: beneath the ...

Introduction

This research paper discusses the phenomenon of earthquakes – the geography and distribution of where they occur, and the explanations of the forces and processes involved. The theory explains why they occur more in some places than others and describes related phenomena including volcanic activity.

The Research

The accepted theory of the cause of most earthquakes cites the continuous movements of huge sections of the earth’s crust (known as the lithosphere), which comprises tectonic plates (Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics” 1977), which are further classified as either oceanic or continental plates, dependent on their location on the Earth’s surface: beneath the ...

- What is a Volcano? A volcano can be described as a mountain that leads to a pool of molten rock present below the surface of the earth. Upon building up of enough pressure, an eruption of the molten lava occurs. Eruptions can cause lava flows, hot ash flows, lateral blasts, avalanches, mudslides, falling ash, and floods. Tsunamis and earthquakes are also possible consequences of such volcanoes (Wicker). - Formation of Volcanoes When the magma from the Earth’s interiors erupts to form lava deposits and ash flows on the surface due to pressure, a volcano is said to have ...

The theory of plate tectonics describes the wide­scale movements of the lithosphere of

the earth. The model is based on the ideas of continental drift, which first gained acceptance in the early 1900s. The geoscientific community granted the theory even more validity after the notion of seafloor spreading appeared in the late 1950s. Basically, the lithosphere is not whole but instead is separated into either seven or eight major plates, depending on the definition that you use. Every meeting point between plates has its own relative movement, either transform, convergent or divergent. Volcanic activity, mountain creation and earthquakes all occur along these edges, and the plates ...

Depth of the Earth is mysterious and far less accessible world than the space surrounding our planet. There is no device yet that could penetrate the depths of the planet. The deepest mine in the world has a depth of 4 km whilst the deepest borehole in the Kola Peninsula - 12 km. It's only 1/500 part of the radius of the Earth! However, people have learned to "drop in" to the depths of the Earth. The main method of studying them is seismic (from the Greek. "Seysmos" - an earthquake). From earthquakes or artificial explosions in the bowels of ...

Introduction

Tectonic Plate refers to a massive, slab of solid rock that is irregularly shaped, and it is composed of both oceanic and continental lithosphere.

Definitions

Mid-Ocean Ridge refers to an underwater mountain range that forms due to plate tectonics. This structure is formed through two tectonic processes, ridge-push and slab pull that cause the spreading at mid-ocean ridges. Basin and Range topography refers to structure that is characterized by sudden changes in sloping and is alternating in between the narrow chains of faulted mountain and flat arid basins or valleys. They are formed by crustal extension or extensional tectonics. ...

The contribution of Alfred Wegener

William C. McCullough LAIS 370 History of Science Colorado School of Mines Abstract This paper discusses the role of Alfred Wegener in the discovery of the Plates tectonics theory. It is believed that the modern day plate tectonics theory is an advancement of continental drift theory which was discovered by Wegener. The study will seek to explore his efforts and contribution to modern science and how he has helped to shape the world.

Overview

Plate tectonics also known as continental drift theory describes that the earth was at one time many years back a super continent whereby ...

Introduction

Geothermal energy is a source of energy that has become very common as a sustainable energy source in numerous countries across the world. Geothermal energy owes its origin to volcanic activity that occurs in the earth’s core and mantle. Rain water or water form surface runoff may collect in underground reservoirs of water. The volcanic activity below such reservoirs heats the water. The water is normally trapped such that it cannot escape. This leads to build up of a lot of pressure causing it to become superheated. Eventually, the water rises to the surface through fault lines on the rocks.

Practical Applications of Geothermal Energy

Engineers ...

The Christopher Nolan Batman films - 2005's Batman Begins, 2008's The Dark Knight and 2012's The Dark Knight Rises follow the exploits of the titular Batman, the alter ago of millionaire playboy Bruce Wayne (Christian Bale) and his attempts to bring justice to a corrupt Gotham City by dressing up as a technologically advanced masked vigilante. According to Joseph Campbell, the hero's journey, or monomyth, tells the same fundamental story: "A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this ...

There is no denying that a great deal of myth and lore surrounding George Washington and the creation of the American nation. Every country needs its creation legends; America is nearly unique because she is so young, and much of what occurred in the context of her formation is well-documented and well-known. George Washington himself has become something of a hero to the American people; an enduring symbol of the bravery and tenacity that was necessary to overthrow British rule and found an independent nation. He was, however, a reluctant leader, wary of the power he had been given and its ability ...

Introduction

The decision making mantle in an organization is placed under the management. The top administration has the responsibility of making general decisions that have significant effect in an organization. However, this mantle is not solely under the management. The process of decision making should be constructed from the departmental heads. Decisions that may affect department are generated from decision generated from the departmental level. Generally, the decision making process should include all the parties and stakeholders in the organization under the command of the top administration. This enables for a well inclusive decision generated to fit the solutions needed for ...

Every planet in the solar system has its special features, which make them unique in comparison to other planets. For example, Mars is famous for iron compounds; Saturn is famous for its rings etc. Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is the sixth largest planet in the solar system. The orbit of the planet is the most circular among others (Nineplanets.org). This means that the orbit of the planet resembles a circle and not an ellipsis like Earth’s one. Many scientists call Venus the Earth’s sister planet because both of them have many similar ...

The Museum of Fine Arts in Houston makes available to the American audience works of art from almost all periods in the history of art. Among the most impressive works that can be seen at the Museum, are the following eight examples which represent the work of different artists in different periods of human history. Each displays the characteristics of the style that flourished in the period and place of its creation.

Madonna and Child with Saint John the Baptist, Giuliano Bugiardini, 1510’s, oil on panel.

Arranged in a triangular composition, the three figures seem to promenade in a field. A youthful Virgin Mary, dressed in a red dress and a blue mantle looks out of the ...

Empathy and Equality: Assessing Traditional Notions of Gender Identity

EMPATHY AND EQUALITY

Abstract

Carol Gilligan’s contention that male gender identity is threatened by intimacy while female identity is marginalized by separation has its basis in the generally accepted view that men approach morality from a justice perspective in contrast to women, who adopt a care-focused outlook. Gilligan’s view of this sociology of gender identity is quite plausible given her contention that care is a viable agent of moral development for women and that separation and individuation are profoundly rooted in complex, mother-child relationships. While Gilligan essentially concurs with Lawrence Kohlberg as to the universality of the male-justice/female-caring construct, she disagrees ...

1. Find a rock and a mineral each

Found Rock – Limestone

Found Mineral – Diamond

2. a. What type of rock is it?

Limestone is a sedimentary rock (“Limestone” 1).

b. What kind of mineral is it?

Diamond is an elemental, crystalline carbon mineral (Putnis 121).

c. Categorize the rock and mineral and try to find the names of the rock and mineral using the internet. The rock is a carbonate sedimentary rock (“Limestone” 1). The particular stone that I found is called a Coquina. Since diamond is made up of copper, it can be classified as a native metal element (Putnis 121). The ...