Essays on Organ Transplantation

Business Ethics and the Commercialization of Transplant Organs

Business Ethics and the Commercialization of Transplant Organs Currently, commercializing organs from either deceased or living donors can be prohibited legally in many parts around the world. The objective is to prevent commercialization of organs as well as ensuring a certain level of equity in gaining access to transplantation of organs. Moreover, certain proposals presented recently suggest that some forms of compensation (for instance, direct payment, tax credit, reimbursement, or moral’ incentives like honorary medals) can be permitted and explored. An issue that emerged recently, which provides considerable attention, is public solicitation of those organs received from deceased or ...

Speech Outline:

- Lack of enough reserve of body organs in the hospitals lead to loss of many lives. These losses need not be there while the people can rally means of preventing them. - Statistics indicate that many are in the hospitals awaiting organ transplants - While only 1 in 4 people get the organs, the others die while waiting for transplants or get to a diseased state where they cannot be helped. - The reason as to why there is a shortage is because there are regulations that make the sale of human organs illegal. - Advantages ...

Organ transplant can be defined as the transfer of an organ from one person to another or from a different location on the body of the patient, with an aim of substituting the missing or damaged organ of the recipient. Matching donor and recipient is currently done using a computer program, which performs the matching of the donor’s organ and recipients on the basis of specific features. These include tissue type, blood type, weight, and height. The time that the patient has been awaiting, how far the recipient's hospitals is from that of the donor, as well as the ...

The choices involved with organ transplants are never easy. There are more patients in need of new organs than the number of available organs, which means that doctors and transplant committees have to make decisions that are not palatable to many of us. They have to evaluate the possible quality of life of patients after they receive the transplants, and factors like longevity are a concern, but so are less quantitative ones, like their ability to contribute to society. Also, factors that are less specific to the patient can come into play, such as the ability of family members or ...

The article by Joanna MacKay, "Organ Sales Will Save Lives" is an interesting read. In the first section of the article, the author gives interesting figures and explains how a number of patients are dying every day because of renal failure. There is no treatment of renal failure. While there is the dialysis, it is a prolonged and physically taxing procedure. The only cure of a renal failure is a kidney transplant. With the present law scenario where organ selling is illegal, there is indeed huge shortage in supply of kidneys for transplant. The list of patients awaiting a kidney is huge, running in ...

Pathophysiology: NRS-410V

2014 Type 1 Diabetes: the Islet Cells Transplant Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. The pancreas produce insulin hormone to control the level of blood sugar. The amount of insulin needed depends on the blood sugar levels that center the body’s cells. Thus, for a person that has diabetes, the pancreas produce either inadequate amount of insulin or no insulin at all. There are two main forms of diabetes, known type 1 and type 2. Type 1diabetes or Juvenile-onset diabetes develops early in life, usually in children or young adults. Type 1 diabetes yields either ...

Among the many problems and challenges that human beings face in the twenty-first century is the disorders related to the central nervous system. Some of these disorders include traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebral infarct. As such, doctors have identified the necessary mechanisms to address these issues that put human life to danger. One of the mechanisms that have been employed is that of identifying the prospective donor cells. Some of these donor cells may include neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells and the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This is very important in that the life of a human ...

Introduction

A lot of questions have been raised if it will be wise if the government makes the black market of organ transplant legal. The law of the land at the present makes selling of any part of the human body illegal. Black market organ transplant is a way of buying organs illegally from the willing donor to help the suffering recipient. It has gained fame due to the parity between the recipient and the donor. There are many people who are in the high need of organs, but there are few people who are willing to donate such organs. It ...

Abstract

Organ transplantation is an important life-saving procedure for those people, who have some problems in their organs. However, the problem of organ transplant rejection is an important issue in this case. In this problem, patient’s immune system starts rejecting the organ as a foreign body. This problem of rejection of the organ can be acute or become chronic. Several diagnostic procedures have also been developed to reduce the problem of rejection of an organ. Scientists have done a lot of research in this regard. Acute rejection needs immediate care. In order to reduce the problem, specialists will check the area ...

Introduction

Organ trade is a term used to describe a process or operation that involves two individuals, the first one being the donor of the organ and the second one being the receiver of the donated organ, or the one who needs it. There can be many reason why a person would want or need to undergo an organ transplantation surgery and one of the most common reasons are those that are related to medical health and safety. An individual who has been suffering from chronic diabetes, among other individuals whose kidneys are at high risks of failing, for example, may be ...

Organ transplantation as a scientific and medical method in treating patients have become successful and popular over the years. However, repositories of human organs have faced shortage while demand for organ replacement becomes mandatory for some families dealing with patients diagnosed with an organ-related disease. Such trend also has increased over time. It is a common problem for immediate family members looking to keep the concerned patient alive and to survive the effects of organ diseases. For some family members and health beneficiaries, finding a generous and wholehearted organ donor can be both tedious and time-consuming. It may take months/years, to have ...

When one donates an organ, the person develops some fear of getting diseases that might affect the other organ (“Division of Transplantation,” n.d.). Due to the fear, the person’s life changes from happy to almost sad life. In addition, the person is exempted from certain activities such as contact games that may, as in the case of kidney transplant, rapture the other kidney. If the remaining kidney is raptured, the person also requires a kidney transplant. Some people keep on attending medical care facilities for monitoring of the progress of the remaining organs especially to check for possible stress ...

One of the most interesting and debated topics in the field of medicine is the commercialization of organs. It is such an interesting topic as both the proponents and opponents have supporting evidence to back up their claims. Since its inception in the 1960s, organ transplantation was meant to improve lives, but not rake in more cash from innocent patients. Although, commercialization is the order of the day, organ transplantation should never be commercialized. Organ transplant is the surgical extraction of a vigorous organ from a healthy person and transferred to a person whose organ has failed. Due to the high ...

Abstract

The number of people being affected by various diseases that require them to have organ transplants increases every day. Meanwhile, the amount of donated organs is extremely insufficient to meet the high demand. There is also the problem of finding a donor match for a recipient and the need to take strong medications that suppress the immune system of the recipient so that the transplanted organ is not rejected. A solution to these problems has been and is still being developed, with laboratory-grown organs holding much promise. These organs can be tailor-made using the patient’s own cells or other cell sources, ...

Imagine that you’re a prisoner on death row in China; it’s the day before you’re being executed. A few prison officials bring you into a room and sit you down at a table, with a crying woman on the other side. This woman, they explain to you, is the mother of a child who needs a kidney transplant of he will die. They want to use your kidney after you are executed. Upon first hearing this proposal, you are nervous and uncomfortable – you never agreed to have your organs harvested. However, they put a piece of paper in front of your face with a ...

The continued advancement in technology has cut across all spheres of the economy. The field of medicine has had its fair share of the cake having to incorporate the complexities of science and technology. One such area relates to organ transplantation. It has become possible to save humanity through the transplant of organs from one human to another. However, the process in itself though scientifically possible, remains riddled with several challenges and raises questions bordering on the moral, religious and legal frontiers. This paper essentially takes into consideration the place of the law in relation to the application ofsuch ...

In the United States alone, thousands of people each year die waiting for organ transplants. According to the State Department of Health and Human Services there are over 70,000 people waiting for vital organs such as kidneys, hearts, lungs, and pancreases. Each year the waiting lists increases by almost twenty percent each year, as the number of organ donors increases only at minimal ten percent at the same time. This illustrates not only nationally but globally that there is a dire need for more organ donors. Organ transplantation can be good out of tragedy, so that more people should ...

Buddhism is a religion for more than 250 million around the world. Buddha means awaken; it is more than religion as it is a way of life to the believers (Shengyan & Gildow, 2007). The Buddhists are mostly vegetarian, in Christianity it is recommended mostly to prefer vegetables as they help a lot on health matters. Some prefer one day meal that they take at midday. Christianity prefers proper diet and eating that is better for good health. Helping others out in Buddhism is purely good out of heart behavior that is acceptable and encouraged Buddhist will always take any medicine that may ...

- Scope and purpose The guideline under study is “Neurological problems in liver transplantation”, developed by Guarino et al. (2011). The guideline is dedicated to creating recommendations on preventing and combating several neurological problems that occur after orthopic and cadaveric liver transplantation. The six key conditions in medical practice include immunosuppresion neurotoxicity, seizures, central pontine myelinosys (CPM), neuromuscular disorders, cerebrovascular disorders and central nervous system (CNS) infections (Guarino et al., 2011, p.491). The body of the study consists of six subsections. Each of the subsections contains basic information about the conditions under study and recommendations that can be ...

One of the pressing concerns that still pervade contemporary societies is organ donation and transplantation. Most of the issues include addressing ethical concerns such as distributing or allocating the number of available organs to the number of waiting recipients; and accepting payments for donors of organs, to name a few. Due to the expansive issues that continue to exist in organ donation and transplantation, this particular concern remains unresolved until contemporary times. For simplicity, the argumentative issue that would be discussed in the current discourse is the issue of accepting financial remuneration for donors of organs. In current times, the ...

Introduction

The issue of organ donation is an issue that has elicited sharp reactions from many quarters. However due to lack of proper rules and regulations to govern this process people have resorted to organ trading in the ‘black’ market. Organ transplants arise when one either acquires an injury that destroys his organs or through certain illnesses that destroys some organs in the body and this will require an organ transplant to rectify this mistake. Due to technology and scientific innovations doctors worldwide are able to successfully transfer organs from one patient (donor) to another (recipient) if the doctors find ...

Introduction

ATDAS is an acronym for Alliance for Donation and Transplantation Awareness and Support. This name is built in concrete explanation of the role that the company plays in the community. It is an indication that the name was founded on critical analysis of its purpose as a result of concrete argument or discussion between its stakeholders. It was founded in July 2005 by two transplant recipients; Jennifer Sutt, a kidney and pancreas transplant recipient as well as John Mitas who was a Liver transplant recipient. The two individuals were volunteers and support group facilitators at their transplant center (ADTAS, 2012).

The purpose ...

Introduction

There have been controversial issues surrounding donations of organs to be used specifically for transplantation. Current statistics have revealed that the ethical dilemma confounding organ donation and transplantation stems from the evident shortage of donors who are willing to donate their organs for patients who had been waiting in earnest. A website which monitor the transplant trends reveals that there are currently 118,731 waiting list candidates as of the date of this research; while only 4,534 donors were recorded for the period January to April 2013 . To address this shortage, some patients or relatives apparently resort to ...

In clinical transplantation, an observed complication is that previous red blood cell (RBC) transfusions may reduce the risk of solid organ transplant rejection but increase the risk of bone marrow transplant (BMT) graft failure (Storb and Weiden, 1981). This statement is seemingly a contradiction. It is difficult to understand how RBC transfusions can both reduce the risk of solid organ transplant rejection and increase the risk of BMT rejection. But this contradiction can be resolved by understanding three considerations. First, the immune system is extremely complex and attempts to control its effects routinely have both positive and negative effects ( ...

Nobody wants to die and nobody wants to die badly. No family members want their loved ones to suffer in hospitals. Some people can go to any extent to save their loved ones as they stand the courage to live and face any obstacles to get liberated from death. Emotions run high in the loved ones when they speak to a doctor about the patients health. Earlier the purpose of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was to go with a illness and respond to the treatment and get better but now a days Americans are going to ICU to die. I think that ...

Immunoglobulins (Ig) are also known as antibodies and they have molecular weights between 160000 and 970000 (Guyton, 2006, p. 443). They are key components of the vertebrate immune system and are a part of the humoral immune system, forming the base of the B-Cell. Igs function in cell-cell recognition as well as structural organization and regulation of musucle (Harpaz, Chothia, 2004). All Igs are made up of a light and a heavy polypeptide chain, usually two of each, but they may contain many more (Guyton, 2006, p. 443). They contain discrete domains of approximately 100 amino acids that are divided into categories ...

Ethical issues in organ transplants

Introduction In order to know the ethical issues in organ transplant then one has to know the definition of organ transplant. There are also the causes of organ transplant and risks of having organ transplant. Due to the risks of organ transplant, many people have different views of it. This is what sometimes influences peoples' decisions on whether to have organ transplant or not. There are various organs in the body that are transplanted and they include the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, thymus, pancreas, and the intestines. There are also tissues that are transplanted such as the heart ...

Values Systems in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Chapter 16: An Unlikely Donor

Background This case study that is “An Unlikely Donor” is regarding the problem of organ selling that is widespread amongst the poor people. Organ selling is a prevalent practice in which an individual sells his or her organ in exchange of the money or other reasons. Due to poverty and other financial and economic issues the practice of organ selling is quite common in developing and under developed countries This case study deals with the issue of organ selling. The nurse, Carole Bennet who was working in a private hospital in London while going ...

Introduction

Immunotherapy is a process through which diseases related to or rather affecting the immune system are treated by simply ensuring the capabilities of the immune system are improved.

Such is possible through various ways but the most common method of enhancing the immune system and ensuring its effective is through vaccination. This can also be made possible by eliminating or alternatively controlling some immune responses as evident when dealing with allergy issues. According to Edwin Smith Papyrus, treatment of most complex diseases was effected through surgery as it was considered the most effective method of treatment. This was mostly as ...

Organ transplant involves the replacement of a patient’s (recipient) ailing organ with a well functioning organ from some who has died (donor). The recipients of the organ have to be matched with the donors to reduce the incidences of rejection. The first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant and it was performed in Boston in1954 by Dr. Joseph Murray The organ from the donor is entirely removed and transported to the recipient quickly. The organs are preserved in a special solution while it is being transported to the recipient. The most common organ transplants include Heart, Cornea, and Kidney transplants. Transplanting ...

The Christmas parade is a big event in our town, a time of celebration of the season. December of 2005 felt extra special because as sixth graders, my twin sister Elizabeth and I were participating in the parade: I rode on a float with my baseball team, while Elizabeth rode on a float with her cheerleading team. With the festive crepe-paper colors in red, white, green on the floats, I felt like something special was about to happen as confetti drifted through the air all around us like magical snow. This feeling of the extraordinary did not leave me, and soon I found ...

Arguably, utilitarianism is a framework on ethics which focuses on the results or outcomes of actions undertaken. Organ transplant is an essential aspect in which the demand and supply of the organs is a life-and-death situation. In this scenario, it is hard to act swiftly and make the decision in an ethical manner. The situation does not give a chance to waste time; acting in a fast way will help save the life of the recipient. According to utilitarian, acting ethically means taking action and making decisions that benefit individuals by minimizing the bad and maximizing the good. In making decisions based on ...

It simply feels great when our dreams turn into reality. I had always dreamt of becoming a physician. I have covered a long journey from my dreams to this medical field and have experience of working with Heart Failure/ Transplant clinics at Stanford. I have exposure to cardiomyopathy as well as to pathology by undergoing clinical and cardiac MR training. It feels great when you know that you can bring change in somebody’s life and relieve them from pain. In order to make myself more equipped for it, I have always tried to enrich myself with further knowledge so that ...

Transplantation medicine has widely developed to become the most challenging and very complex disciplines in modern medicine. Organ transplantation is the removal of body parts from a living or dead body, the donor, and then the organ removed is inserted into a living body- recipient- for medical purposes. There is a wide range of organs that can be transplanted. They include kidneys, lungs, liver, heart, pancreas, thymus, and intestines. In addition, there are tissues that can be transplanted such as bones, cornea, tendons, veins, heart valves, and skins.

However, the kidneys have been the most transplanted organs around the world. Tissues are ...

Organ Donation & Transplantation

Undeniably, most people go through their lives without experiencing how it feels to have a breakdown of the major body organs. The heart is always pumping blood to all parts of the body, the lungs always plays a vital role in breathing, while on the other hand, the kidney and the liver are always eradicating waste products from the body system. Unfortunately the, a good number of individuals are not in a position to handle even the simplest assignment due to a breakdown of one of the major organs. For this people to continue living, they will need to have such organ changed. It ...

The term bioethics was coined in the early 1970s by biologists who brought to the public’s attention two pressing issues; the need to maintain the plant’s ecology and the implication of advances in the life sciences toward manipulating human nature. Van Rensselaer Potter has focused on the growing human ability to change the nature, including human nature and the implication of this for our global future [ CITATION Van71 \l 1033 ]. While bioethics has been interdisciplinary since its inception, theology played a fundamental role in its creation. It continues to have a profound influence today also. At its inception, ...

Introduction

People’s decision to become an organ donor is largely influenced by their religious beliefs. Different religions have different views on the subject. It involves social, legal, and ethical questions, which each religion approach in different ways. In this regard, this research aims to answer the questions of how religion influences a person’s decision to become an organ donor and how serious a concern this is. These questions are important because of the organ shortage crisis that the world is experiencing. There has been an increase in the demand for organ transplantation throughout the world because of the increase ...

Health-care technology advances can improve treatment but also raises questions and issues about its application. Kutner reviews the development of organ-transplant technology (24-26) and then discusses key issues surrounding organ transplantation and the lack of a regulatory system to better manage critical components. Medical technology advances, inflated medical service and health insurance prices, an increased supply of doctors and an aging population affect rising health care costs (Kutner 32). The supply of donated organs needs to increase so selection criteria can be eased (Kutner 23, 32-33). Kutner supports: (1) a “presumed consent” policy in which organs can be removed from brain-dead ...

Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiomyopathy in children and accounts for the most heart transplantations in pediatric patients. Despite the progressive nature of the disorder and high mortality and morbidity rates, few studies aimed to investigate the etiology and treatments of children affected by dilated cardiomyopathy. Treatments for children are mainly adopted from studies aimed at adults without testing their effectiveness in pediatrics. Several studies were undertaken in recent years to learn whether adult-oriented evidence-based treatments for dilated cardiomyopathy are applicable to children.

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy in children. The ...

Question 1

Are there possible criminal aspects of HIV/AIDS? Consider the case law presented in your textbook and elsewhere, and explain. Please provide specific examples.

The intentional spread of HIV is considered a criminal act. Pozgar (2012, p. 362) describes the case of an inmate who knew that he was infected with both HIV and the hepatitis virus. He was also informed of the ways that he can transmit the infection to others. He bit two correctional officers knowing that he can possibly infect them in this way. He was consequently charged with assault and battery. In State of Louisiana v. Schmidt, ...

Glaser, Sheri R. Formula to Stop the Illegal Organ Trade: Presumed Consent Laws and Mandatory Reporting Requirements for Doctors. Human Rights Brief. 2007. Web. 8 Oct. 2013.

Glaser in this article uses a mildly aggressive approach towards Organ Trade and Organ traffickers. The article describes and discusses cases of organ trafficking and the methods of the Black Market of the organ trade.

An example from the conduct of the Chinese officials with executed criminals’ bodies and how the judiciary involves throws a hint of how governments are involved as well. The article also points out the involvement of doctors, both knowingly ...

Introduction

There are different ethical issues in the medical field just as there are in many other fields. Learning how to address them before they arise is critical. The decisions involved in organ procurement and allocation can at times involve ethical dilemmas. The main aim of organ transplanting is to reap medical benefits including saving lives and increasing the quality of life. All the necessary protocols should be observed so that the interests of all the parties involved including the donors, allocators and receivers are considered. There are different individuals how hold different positions regarding what is ethical and whether ...

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, about 18 people die every day waiting for a new organ transplant. It is currently illegal in the United States for anyone to sell their organs or tissue on the open market. It is time to change this policy not only for the benefit of organ and tissue recipients but for organ and tissue donors. Currently, most organ donations in America are from recently deceased persons who enrolled in a local or state organ donation program when they were still alive. This is not exactly a popular option for organ donation ...

Abstract

Cirrhosis is 12th on the list of leading causes of death in the US. Cirrhosis is characterized by scarring of the liver tissue due to inflammation that could lead to liver failure and death. Some patients develop cancer in due course of the illness. The scarring, which is usually permanent, covers the outer layer with collagen, makes the liver very rigid and limits the exchange of blood between the portal vein and the liver, thereby creating excess pressure in the hepatic portal vein. The scarring renders the removal of toxin such as alcohol difficult due to depletion of hepatocytes. ...

Life is a boon to every living kind. It has been the system of nature that one depends upon others for their survival. The dependency can be in different format. It can be either for the food, support, and different other variables. Humans being the social creature are dependent upon one another for their survival. The dependencies are upon the biological and physical needs of people. One helps other upon their survival fulfilling their needs at various different levels.

Human body is composed of different organs sharing common features with other bodies. Unlike some organs, different biological units are classified ...

Abstract

This paper describes and discusses the various types of human stem cells, including those in early-stage embryos (the blastocyst) and those present in adult tissue, explaining the practical uses of the various types in the medical field, where stem cells can be used to repair damaged tissue and organs. Although the adult stem cell types offer fewer possibilities for medical applications than the embryonic type, their use is less ethically controversial because it does not require destruction of a living albeit very early stage embryo. Research into stem cell applications is finding improved techniques. These include the treatment of acute ...

Communities in Third World Countries

Introduction Poverty has stricken a great number of population in the world today. Third world countries in particular are assumed to take on a greater toll on the effects of such condition. Practically, people have become more accustomed to living in such an undermining situation. Along with this matter, the said individuals have also become accustomed to dealing with matters in their lives through sacrificing particular aspects of their existence in exchange for survival. One of the most striking issues that could be identified along with this matter is the fact that poor families do so much to just get ...

Abstract

Researchers have been faced with difficult moments in the past in their attempt to find a cure for HIV/AIDS. The trend that the virus takes in the human body is complicated since it stiches itself with the DNA of the host cells hence becoming part of the person. The way to eliminate or remove it from the human body without altering or killing the patient is very complex and it has not been achieved yet. However, some experiments and treatments that involve the use of therapy and stem cells transplantation have proved to be the way forward towards the eradication ...

Background

Hemodialysis is one of the most effective treatments or therapies administered for patients with either an acute or chronic renal problem. This renal therapy is most commonly administered to patients who have primary renal failure and secondary renal failure due to another condition such as cancer or a blood infection. The objective of a hemodialysis treatment is to extract and dispose waste products such as urea and mineral ions from the patient’s bloodstream to avoid the complications and morbidities that will surely come as a result of a bilateral kidney failure. Technically, the hemodialysis machine does the job of the kidney. ...

Abstract

The research paper deals with the problem of Merkel cell carcinoma, chief peculiarities, and the possibility of medical treatment. Disease signs and symptoms are highlighted in the opening and subsequent paragraphs of the paper. The pathophysiology, etiology, manifestations, possible complications, and disease treatment are the focal point of the research paper. The research is based on the opinions of the finest subject-field experts, such as professors, doctors, and scientists. Keywords: Merkel cell carcinoma, medical treatment, disease, complication, cure Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer usually caused by polyomavirus. Scientists and doctors have not managed to ...

Brittani Scott

Introduction Sickle-cell disease is an illness that is multisystem, linked to episodes of progressive damage of organ and acute illness, and is among the most common dangerous monogenic disorders in the world (Weatherall, Hofman, Rodgers, Ruffin, & Hrynkow, 2005). The sickle-shape erythrocytes were initially described in the year 1910 by Herrick (Herrick, 1910) and understanding has slowly increased from that time. Together with his colleagues, Pauling (1949) keyed out electrophoretic abnormalities in sickle HbS and made up the word molecular disease in the year 1949. The genetics, as well as biophysics of hemoglobin behind the disease, have been widely ...

40 questions answered from two different books.

Health Care Ethics Principles and Problems (Medical Ethics)

Chapter 1 Briefly describe the differences among ethics, professional ethics and health care ethics. Ethics is concerned with the way people ought to live their lives. It must not be confused with religion even though they may tend to advocate the same values. However, ethics are distinct interrelations among human which can be considered acceptable or unacceptable. Professional ethics embody regulations pertaining to how persons function within a discipline. It specifies right and wrong actions based on morality. It does encompass principles of being, but the authors of this text ...

An Ethical Dilemma

Defining Death: An Ethical Dilemma

The cases of three infants receiving heart transplants in Denver, Colorado from three other dying infants who had not yet met the criteria for the Dead Donor Rule (DDR) raises important ethical questions for the medical field (O’Reilly ¶ 1). These questions include examining the criteria for death, what it is to be dying versus dead, whether the DDR should be rethought, issues of public trust, and consent and prognosis.

All 50 states recognize the DDR as law. According to it, “patients must be declared irreversibly dead before their vital organs can be ...

Introduction

Multiple myeloma is a rare cancer that is being diagnosed in more and more people every year. Officials are concerned that the current trend and are working hard to come up with ways to keep the condition at bay. There are many treatment options for the condition including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell research in addition to treatment of other conditions associated with the cancer like kidney problem, bone problems and anaemia.

All the treatment procedures are used either singly or with two or more procedures. Chemotherapy can be used together with stem cell transplantation therapy. Stem cell transplantation can ...

For meeting the organizational objectives, vision and mission statements, companies need to develop strategic plans, which implies knowing the internal and the external working environment. The internal and external environmental factors that influence companies’ organizational strategy is called the SWOT analysis, an acronym standing for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (Deb, 2006). For National Healthcare Centre of Urological Diseases and Transplantation organization the SWOT analysis identifies if the company has the strategy and resources to reach its objective and stick to vision, both comprised in its mission statement: “Serve humanity with the excellence in providing valued services ...

Part – 1 (Assignment Worksheet Quantitative)

The title of the quantitative research study systematically attempts to explore the variables determining the performance of nursing students in NCLEX-PN licensure examination. The study variables including the test scores of nurses, their theory grades, nursing education, selective admission practices, cumulative GPA (grade point average), SAT/ACT/NLN scores and grades obtained in pre-nursing courses prove to be the preliminary factors in determining the success of nurses in NCLEX - PN examination. The evidence based research literature contends the significance of previous academic performance and examination preparation of nurses on their prospective performance in various professional evaluations (McKenzie, 2008, p. 30). ...

Today, society allows people to donate organs, place their organ donor status on their driver’s license and at hospitals when signing in, but the government and FDA are against the selling of human organs. This legislation has been in place since 1984, when the National Organ Transplant Act banned any type of financial compensation for organ donation ("Financial incentives for organ donation," 2010). The question arises if there is a difference. I believe that just like paying your taxes, one should indeed have the rights to do as they please with their bodies. It should be within one’s ...

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can generate other cells which makes up specialized organs and tissues in living organisms. Stem cells are of two major types namely; adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are found inside an embryo that is in its earliest developmental stage i.e. blastocyst, these stem cells eventually give rise to the adult organisms. The adult cells helps in the regeneration of worn out tissues and are located in some of the tissues in the body of living things e.g. the intestine lining, the skin’ ...

Bioethics refers to the ethics in the field of medical and biological research and its application. Some of the key ethical concerns in this field are stem cell research, use of animals for human transplantation, cloning and exposing pregnant women to new drugs. With advent of new assisted reproductive technologies, custody of frozen embryos in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) has also become an ethical concern. The paper deals with three such ethical concerns pertaining to custody of frozen embryos in the event of divorce, stem cell research and use of animals for human organ transplantation. The case is about a ...

The Negative Effects of Peddling Organs for Profit

The most frightening news that many people can receive is a negative medical diagnoses. One of the most feared of diagnoses is one involving the inefficiency, damage to or failure of a bodily organ. Unlike the appendix and spleen, most organs cannot be lived without. Sometimes the only recourse for such patients is to work to treat their immediate symptoms, work to prolong their life and wait for a possible organ transplant. Such transplants require an available organ, a proper genetic match between donor and recipient and this, still, leaves patients with a possibility that their body may still reject an even ideally matched ...