Essays on Immune System

Sjogren Syndrome(SS) is an autoimmune disease that causes lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, primarily lachrymal and salivary glands. Simply put, it is a chronic immune disorder in which white blood cells of the patient attack saliva and tear glands. At times, glands that keep the vagina moist are also attacked resulting in vaginal dryness. In normal cases, humans' immune system generates antibodies to attack harmful material as virus and bacteria. Putting the cart before the horse, the immune system in SS patients starts producing autoantibodies and autoreactive cells that start attacking those very body parts that they are ...

Hepatitis B virus do not need presentation - its statistics tell about it more as there are more than two hundred million infected people in the world (Sundaram and Kowdley, 2015). In many patients hepatitis B infection leads to the development of the liver cirrhosis and other complications, can cause decompensation of the liver function and lead to death. Prevalence and malignant course of this infection make it a major challenge for modern medicine. Reviewed article lists and shows clinically proved and effective methods of the hepatitis B management. The discovery of a vaccine became the turning point in ...

According to Jon Gertner’s, article, “The Futile Pursuit of Happiness” humans are not poor judges when it comes to foreseeing future emotional states. Professors of psychology in various universities Daniel Gilbert, Tim Wilson, Dan Kahneman and an economist George Loewenstein have embarked on studying a specific emotional and behavioral prediction. One of their studies was hedonic forecasting, which refers to the prediction of one’s emotional state in future as a process that affects behavior, preferences, and decision-making. For an instance, how do we imagine emotions and feelings about winning the lottery? How that will affect our delight, ...

HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a communicable pathogen majorly responsible for the prevalence of AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in a majority of the population. According to the report generated by WHO (2013), there were over 35 million people infected with HIV. When compared to the general populations, the virus is most common in gay and bisexual men, Caribbean and African communities, Aboriginal populations, women and people injecting illicit drugs . HIV is present in the semen, blood, breast milk or vaginal fluid of the infected individuals. While the likelihood of contracting HIV through the casual environment is ...

Abstract

Sages and physicians have for ages recognized the importance of laughter and humor in a person’s life and health. In as much as they lacked the necessary evidence to back up their beliefs and theories, they somehow knew that laughter benefitted human beings through various ways. There is a general feeling of relief that a person feels after experiencing laughter. The mere fact that a person experiences emotional joy and a sense of relief hint at the possibility of humor having a greater benefit to the human body. The enrichment and benefits that arise from a moment of ...

The first chapter, written by Ryan M. Kull (2010), of the book entitled Handbook of HIV and Social Work concerns with the history as well as the processes involved in the transmission and treatment of the HIV disease. Kull defines HIV as a viral disease caused by the retrovirus known as the human immunodeficiency virus, and an untreated and uncontrolled HIV may progress to a fatal condition called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Deaths related to AIDS were first documented in 1981 and since then, HIV has progressed to become pandemic. However, since the method of transmission of the ...

Introduction

Millions of cells are always being removed in the human body in order to regulate biological pathways and keep cells healthy through a particular mechanism called cell death or apoptosis. Through apoptosis, such homeostatic death of cells has been defined as a tolerogenic or a non-immunogenic event for many years [1]. However, during the past few years, scientists have discovered the occurrence of a different concept of cell death – immunogenic cell death (ICD), where the death of a cell stimulates a response from the immune system against antigens of a dead cell, and this mechanism of cell death may ...

The etiology of depression

Depression is a pathological condition that affects many people across the universe. To date, medics are yet to establish the exact causes of depression. It is said that multiple factors that cause depression are involved in many mental disorders. These includes biological differences, brain chemistry, hormones, and genetics. The paper describes the major causes of depression, the cells, tissues and organs affected by depression, and the organ system functions that are affected by the pathologic condition.

Biological differences

Genetic, hormonal, neurological, neuroendocrinological, and immunological mechanisms play a significant role towards the development of depression. Nonetheless, the majority of these factors revolves ...

What is the Pathophysiological Effect of Stress on the Immune System?

Stress is a feeling of anxiety and pressure, which the body feels in response to any external demand that cannot be easily coped with. It can develop out of both positive as well as negative experiences. Stress can be emotional or psychological, such as the loss of a dear one or after losing one’s job or anything that affects a person sentimentally. Fatigue and getting overworked are also stressful situations that cause worry, and a person feels ‘stressed.’ Stress can affect the body in many ways, and it can lead to sickness, tired, distract a person and inhibit ...

The CAM therapies are known all over the world as alternative medical treatment which is built upon centuries’ long theory and practice. Nowadays CAM therapies are becoming instrumental in the health care system and widely used among the doctors, who often combine them with conventional medicine to achieve better results. Among various CAM therapies, osteopathy appears to be the one of the most efficient. Such a method of manual therapy has its proponents and opponents and has been widely discussed for the last few centuries. The purpose of this article consists in considering and clarifying the history, methods, advantages ...

General features of melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone, which is thought to play an important role in daily processes of humans’ lives, being secreted by the pineal gland, which is an endocrine gland, located in the middle of the brain. After its discovery the first function (which later gave the name to this hormone) was the ability of this hormone to lighten one’s skin color. This experiment was conducted on frogs, however even nowadays everybody knows that our sunbathing results in suntan due to activity of melatonin. This is a so-called skin-darkening effect of melatonin. First discoveries of this hormone were done ...

Human immunodeficiency virus causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in human beings. The virus attacks the immune system of the body. Specifically, the virus attacks the cd4 cells of the body, which finally leads to the decline in the body thus weakening the defense system. The virus is usually transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids and secretions, breast milk and fluids from the rectum. Approximately 1.1 million people in the United States of America are infected with HIV according to the center for disease control (Essien, Meshack, Peters, ...

The Black Death: Europe's Most Notorious Plague

In the mid-14th century, Europe enjoyed robust trade with the Near East and the Far East. By the 1340s, sea trade routes had been established with faraway countries such as Syria, Egypt, Persia, China, and India (history.com, internet). Due to their trading interconnectedness, European port cities such as Messina (Sicily), Rome, Florence, Marseilles, and even the north African port of Tunis, were struck by what soon became known as "The Black Death" -- the plague (history.com, internet). Because of the confluence of factors that caused the rapid spread of The Black Death throughout an entire continent, and its high ...

Enjoying food is an important constituent of the good life. The possibility to enjoy various dishes makes people feel satisfied. However, sometimes, people are deprived of pleasure from food because of allergies. Usually, immune system is a functioning in a befitting way, complicated mechanism. This amazing nature miracle is able to protect the body from numerous invaders. Immune system identifies infected cells as well as cells, which is going to be tumors. However, it is not works that good. Allergies are the effects of immune system’s mistaken functioning. Food allergy - a state of organism, characterized by hypersensitivity ...

Introduction

Strengthening immune system occurs as one of the commonly coveted and discussed topics in the context of medicine. This paper limits itself to discussing the implementation of nursing-led medication groups; psychotropic medication groups aimed at enhancing patient recovery process. Certainly, this will offer a comprehensive platform that would result in increased patient satisfaction. Worth noting is the fact that the Resnick Neuropsychiatric Hospital offers a wider array of psychiatric services targeting persons in dire need of medical attention aimed at stabilizing psychiatric or acute emotional crisis emanating from various factors (Margaret, 2013, pg. 6). These services are carried out ...

Food is a necessity of a man. Currently exists the understanding that the food provides a considerable influence on a person. It gives energy, strengths development, and health. You can be sure that human health is 70% dependent on the food. Food is the main source of most diseases, however, with its help it is possible to get rid of long-term illnesses. Elevated levels of blood cholesterol, obesity, tooth decay, diabetes, impaired fat metabolism, hypertension, constipation, increased uric acid in the blood or gout - this is an incomplete list of so-called "diseases of civilization" that were caused by ...

Abstract

The current antiretroviral drugs have been efficient in the management of HIV by suppressing the virus's replication. It has, therefore, helped in changing this virus from a deathly disease to a chronic infection. The utilization of extremely active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) calls for a lifetime prescription to prevent viral rebound by reducing the viral load to undetectable low levels. This high maintenance of treatment and the various side effects of the drugs and non-HIV related morbidity have led to the need for a better form of therapy. There has been an extensive study on stem cell manipulation done to develop gene therapy ...

Introduction

Cancer affects the body’s most basic unit, the cell. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells. When cells grow old, they die to make room for new ones and new cells grow only when the body needs them. However sometimes the old cells do not die or new cells are produced when not needed by the body they form tumors. Tumors can be either benign or malignant (National Cancer Institute, 2011). and organs.

Slide 2

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and when removed they do not grow back. Malignant tumors are cancerous and most instances life threatening. When malignant ...

Celiac disease is a condition where the immune system reacts to gluten, a type of protein in barley and rye. It is an autoimmune disorder, this occurs when the immune system do not function well, and starts to attack the organs and the tissues. The immune system of the body is designed to guard against foreign invaders. When people with this condition eat foods with gluten, the immune system create antibodies to this protein attacking the lining of the intestines. The causes of the inflammations in the intestines end up damaging the villi on the ...

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a hormone the human body produces via the adrenal glands, which are above the kidneys. The exact effect of DHEA is not yet fully identified; however, it is believed to be a precursor of the female and male sex hormones, namely estrogen and testosterone, among others. Precursors are substances that the body converts into hormones.

The production of DHEA usually reaches its peak around the mid-20s and declines ever after. The same applies to estrogen and testosterone, whose production also declines with age. For that reason, if an individual wants to increase their hormone levels, it ...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS is currently one of the most deadly diseases present in the world these days. Fifty years ago, AIDS was relatively unknown; however, today this disease is spreading in our society at a very rapid pace. It is an incurable illness that affects human beings and destroying the person’s body functions ultimately leading to death. The causative factor for AIDS is Human immune deficiency virus (HIV), which slowly destroys the immune system of a person.

At the start of an HIV infection, the virus integrates itself into a cell of the host making it dormant ...

There is truly nothing better than curling up in a cozy chair with a snack and a fantastic book. It is easy to get so caught up in parenting, marriage and work that personal time for book exploration is set aside never to be enjoyed. One of the best things for the human soul is to be fed by a nourishing and educationally delicious book. People don’t realize it but they have a set of criteria against which an author’s work can be measured. Ultimately, that criteria determines if it is worthy of time in that cozy chair. Kevin Trudeau’s book ...

Introduction

Arthritis is a type of joint disorder involving the inflammation of the joints. It can affect one or more joints. Arthritis is commonly used as a general term referring to many types of illnesses all leading to the degeneration or inflammation of the joint. There are very many forms of arthritis illness. Osteoarthritis, being the most common form of arthritis (VanItallie, 2010). It is a degenerative disease of the joints which is as a result of age, trauma to the joint or infection to the joint. Another form of arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis. Joint pain is the main complainant by people suffering from ...

Tuberculosis or TB is one of the leading causes of death that is due to an infectious disease called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and only second to HIV/AIDS. When a person is infected with TB, the bacteria in the lungs multiply causing pneumonia; the patient experiences chest pain and has a persistent cough that often brings up blood. In addition, lymph nodes near the heart and lungs are enlarged. As the bacteria tries to spread to the other parts of the body they are interrupted by the body's immune system. The immune system forms scar tissue around the bacterium that helps fight the ...

My patient is a seventy five year old African American man with Geriatric condition. Geriatric is a condition that affects elderly people. The medication administered to such individuals is called Geriatric medicine. It is also called family medicine or internal medicine. This medicine helps to promote the prevention of disabilities and diseases in older adults (Kagan, 2010). The physician who administers geriatric medicine to the patient is called a geriatric physician or a geriatrician. In other words, Geriatrics is the ‘care of elderly or aged individuals’.

As said above, my patient is a seventy-five old African American male. His name is Caleb Rama. ...

Overview of communicable disease (Tuberculosis)

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacteria is the type that attacks majorly the lungs, but can also affect the other parts of the body such as the kidney, spine and brain. If the condition is not treated on time, the result could be fatal. The spread of the infection is via the air transmission. The implication is that such condition can easily spread from one person to another. For such air transmission to occur, the patient with the disease must be a person with an active Tuberculosis infection.

The person serving as ...

Around the turn of the 20th century, tuberculosis (also referred to as consumption during the era), was a leading cause of death in the United States. Medical advances have largely eradicated TB from being a threat to our health. However, the deadly, infectious disease is still around. This brochure will help you understand some vital information about TB, including its signs and symptoms, risk factors, treatments, and prognoses.

Please contact your physician immediately if you suspect that you have TB

Spread by germs that travel through the air, TB can be a deadly disease, if not treated in time. Besides the lungs, it can affect the brain, spine, or kidneys. ...

Known as the second deadliest disease in the world, tuberculosis remains a high rated disease with remarkable fatal rates. As earlier stated it is caused by a small aerobic, non motile bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis which in most cases lives in the lungs. This pathogen has a high lipid content, which confers to its unique characteristics. Tuberculosis is a worldwide disease that can be contacted by anybody so long as they are in contact with this bacterium. However, there is a population which is at risk of contacting this disease known as the target population. The target population is associated with risk ...

Dissertation

Introduction: Nowadays our society is shifting dramatically to a more conscious and healthier lifestyle. This has had a direct effect on a range of businesses to increase profitability and their success; businesses like gyms, specialized nutrition shops, businesses related to cosmetics, clothing brands, and a whole new range of organic and “healthy” foods products and companies. The report “Food consumption trend and drivers” mentions “Throughout the world, major shifts in dietary patterns are occurring, even in the consumption of basic staples towards more diversified diets” (Kearney, 2010). The people who are changing tend to include supplements in their diets to help them ...

Introduction

Proteins are food substances that are consumed with intention of maintaining the human hygiene and improving the status of health of living beings. However, there is a differentiated class of proteins that is referred to as the deceptive proteins. Grammatically, the term deceptive means something that is likely to create a notion that is different from the truth. In this case, the term deceptive protein is used to mean a category of protein that is intended to ensure balanced diet but instead creates a different impact in the performance of the body organs. For instance, deceptive proteins are said to create ...

Introduction

This report is a summary of Sections 3.1 to 3.10 of Chapter 3 – “Infectious Diseases and Treatments” – of “Biology of Disease” (Ahmed, Dawson, Smith & Wood, 2007). Section 3.1: Introduction. A small number of pathogenic microorganisms can cause systemic disease – affecting the entire body. This chapter looks at selected examples of major body systems infections, including microorganisms that can cause generalized infections.

Section 3.2: Infections of the Skin. As an important part of the body’s immune defense system, the skin is normally populated by various microorganisms, which effectively prevent access by invading microorganisms such as Papillomaviruses ...

Abstract

Vaccination is an issue that every parent has to face. Whether to subject their child to vaccination or let them lead a natural life is a hard decision for every parent. The following article is a discussion as to why parents are reluctant to get their children inoculated. The article discusses the downsides of vaccination

Introduction

Vaccination is quoted as one of the best development of medical sciences. Inoculation of infants and individuals at a young age with vaccines has yielded great results through the ages. Occurrence rates of many diseases have fallen and many infants now survive to live long and healthy lives. ...

1.A. Penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics in structure. The remodeling process takes place in the bacterial cell walls due to the presence of a layer called peptidoglycan layer, which includes the breakdown of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and cross-linking peptide chains . Cross-linking peptide chains provide rigidity to the fluid cell wall. Transpeptidase, an enzyme used in the breaking of peptide chains also reforms the peptide bonds after the restructuring of the cell wall. The penicillin inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase, which prevents the peptide bonds from reforming. Thus, penicillin makes the cell walls weaker, which results ...

Introduction

Finding an alternative to regular meat, which some people and environmentalists find harmful to human beings has been the goal of scientists for years. However, a healthier solution to regular meat was born. The alternative solution to regular meat is lab grown meat, and it can be argued that it is a product that is at the top of its class in nutrition. Lab grown meat has been called the holy grail of nutrition but as some people are aware, not everything that is nutritious is really good for you. Lab grown meat is in no way, shape or form good ...

Organ transplant can be defined as the transfer of an organ from one person to another or from a different location on the body of the patient, with an aim of substituting the missing or damaged organ of the recipient. Matching donor and recipient is currently done using a computer program, which performs the matching of the donor’s organ and recipients on the basis of specific features. These include tissue type, blood type, weight, and height. The time that the patient has been awaiting, how far the recipient's hospitals is from that of the donor, as well as the ...

Answers

- The differences between the cardiovascular diseases and the coronary heart diseases

The major differences between these two types of diseases relates to the vascular components of the cardiovascular system. This simply means that the cardiovascular diseases do not only involve the heart alone but also involves all the heart linked vessels. i.e all arteries, veins and lymphatics found to be associated with the heart and blood passes to and from the heart. However, the coronary heart diseases only relate to the vessels that are within the heart itself and supply the heart itself and also the muscles of ...

Multiple sclerosis, which is abbreviated MS, is an inflammatory disease that involves the damage of the fatty myelin sheath surrounding brain axons, as well as the spinal cord. The damage results to the demyelination of the axon scarring including a wide range of symptoms. The disease is also referred to as encephalomyelitis disseminate or disseminated sclerosis (Compston and Coles). The first instance of the disease was reported by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868. The onset of the disease is mainly seen young adults and is mainly common in women. MS has a prevalence of between 2 to 150 people in a population of ...

Vaccines are antigenic substances that are administered to human beings to activate the immune system of an individual in order to create an adaptive immunity to certain diseases. They are capable of preventing infections from pathogens if administered at the right age. Most vaccines should be administered to individuals at a tender age because this is when they are most vulnerable to diseases. A lot of research has been carried out by many experts to verify the efficacy of vaccination. These studies have concluded that vaccination is the most effectual way of preventing diseases that are infectious. Vaccines have ...

Gene therapy is a way of curing or slowing down the action of diseases caused by genetic disorders (gene mutation) using Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Unlike traditional drug therapy, the procedure of gene therapy involves injecting a functional DNA to replace a gene that has been mutated. Some diseases however are caused by the failure of not just one but multiple DNA. Two major types of gene therapy are used; somatic gene therapy and germ-line gene therapy. For somatic gene therapy, the genetic material that is transferred to the body of a patient in the course of the therapy is not transferrable to future ...

Opportunistic pathogen

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause a disease or has the ability to cause a disease. An opportunistic pathogen is not different from any other kind of pathogen. The only difference is that, an opportunistic pathogen can cause a disease in a person who has a lower immunity or an impaired immune system, but not in someone who is healthy. In other words, an opportunistic pathogen, which can otherwise not harm a person, finds an opportunity to establish himself in the affected person’s body and cause some kind of disease (Pirofski, 2012).

An example of an opportunistic pathogen is the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which ...

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a disease that affects over 33 million people around the world. When HIV enters the body, it attacks the immune system by destroying CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, a type of white blood cell necessary to fight off infections, and it also kills off nearby cells with toxic byproducts. Eventually, it overwhelms the immune system's ability to fix itself (AEGIS, 2012). When HIV/AIDS first showed up in the United States, it mostly affected homosexual men. Now, though, it’s clear that anyone of any age, race, gender, ...

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS, a condition that affects over 33 million people worldwide. When HIV enters the body, it attacks the immune system by destroying CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, a type of white blood cell vital to fighting off various infections, and it eventually overwhelms the immune system's capacity to regenerate or to fight other infections. HIV can also affect bystander cells with toxic byproducts (AEGIS, 2012). Scientists believe HIV came from a similar virus that first occurred in some populations of chimps and monkeys in Africa, where they're hunted for food. During ...

When I was in eighth grade, my close friend Rick was diagnosed with a hole in his heart. After repeated attempts to repair it, his doctors just decided that he needed a new one. It took two years to find a donor, but Rick finally got a new heart. A year or two went by, and he started developing the same problem that he had before. His immune system was causing the hole which had by then grown so large that he needed another replacement. Another donor was quickly found, and he was back by the end of junior year. This time his ...

Significant characteristics of a disease

Virulence is a term that describes “the capacity of a microbe to cause disease after infection”. It is a multifaceted phenomenon is dependent on the “context and nature of the interaction between the host and the microbe.” The number of fatalities that occur as a result of infection by a given pathogen is used as a measure of the virulence. Based on this parameter, the Ebola virus would therefore be considered to be highly virulent as compared to small pox. Give that research has provided better understanding of pathogens thus led to the development of potent forms of therapy; some of the pathogens ...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a life threatening condition that is caused by a virus from the Coronaviridae family. The SARS virus is believed to have originated from the Guangdong province of southern China before spreading to Hong Kong, Canada and the United States of America. The virus has an incubation period of 2 to 7 days but it may last up to 10 days. Like other respiratory disease, SARS is spread through direct contact; long range and short range. The major agent of transmission is the droplet nuclei. The symptoms of the disease include: fever, chills, malaise, cough, dyspnea and ...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition caused by a progressed state of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The retrovirus can be transmitted through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluids via the bloodstream or mucous membranes (Moss; Maartens et al.; Simon et al.). Infection by HIV typically has four stages. The first stage is acute or primary infection which may last up to a few weeks, during which the infected person may either be asymptomatic or have flu-like symptoms such as fever, rash, malaise, body aches, chills, and swollen lymph nodes. Progression of the ...

In Knockout, Suzanne Somers interviews a number of doctors who have very specific ideas on cancer treatment and prevention – namely, that radiation, chemotherapy, and mammography do not work, and can actually cause more harm than good. They then proceed to offer their own alternatives, usually from their own field of medicine, which they claim are much better solutions for preventing and treating cancer. Somers then goes on to detail her own experiences working with doctors in the face of a misdiagnosis of cancer, and how that led her to seek alternative treatments and preventative measures. Upon reading this book, I ...

Description of the chickenpox as a communicable disease.

Chicken pox is also refers to as varicella, is a communicable disease (CDC – ACIP, 2015). Chicken pox is a viral disease and it is characterized by an itchy red rash in body which mainly begins on face then chest and eventually to the back before spreading allover the body. Herpes varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. The oozing blisters or bed linens of an infected person, or contact with the clothing, or droplets as a result of sneeze or cough are all means of spreading the chicken pox. The person infected by the virus will show the symptoms after ten to twenty days of ...

BergonetteLaporte

Abstract The habit of addiction to drugs and alcohol among the youth affect their future career. Drug addiction also leads to spreading deadly infectious diseases as well since drug addicts are more likely to use same needles to administer drugs to feel a quicker and intensive high. Since youngsters around the world are more susceptible to drug addiction, nations are threatened with huge loss in human capital and productivity. A person’s Physical appearance and behavior patterns reveal to others his addiction. Addiction is a serious social problem since an addicted person, through his crimes and other actions, in fact, ...

Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized in adrenal glands with a myriad of functions mainly in the endocrine and immune systems, and produced during stress circumstances. Under normal conditions, stimuli such as a pathogen release immune proteins called interleukins, which further activate T-lymphocyte cells. T-cells multiply to amplify the immune response and ultimately attack the pathogen (Abbas, 2014). Other immune responses are simultaneously activated, e.g. the complement system. The complement system exerts its functions through three pathways: classical, alternative or lectin pathways. The main activators of the classical pathway are antigen-antibody complexes, which trigger a series of events mainly mediated by complement proteins ...

The ABC Company manufactures healthy, soft drinks. The products are sold under a generic name but come in different flavors. The primary goal of ABC is to provide soft drinks with nutrients for the old people and children. In addition, the company’s products could also act as a diet drink for adults and the youths. Over the years, ABC has been producing healthy, drinking products, and the company’s mission and vision tightly focus on the health of the customers nationally and worldwide. On the other hand, the old people need nutrients and vitamins to boost their health. Aged ...

ABSTRACT

Human beings deal with the reality of a world with a plethora of conditions, illnesses and diseases that threaten the health and livelihood of the population on a day-to-say basis. One such persistent disease that many Americans, both young and old, are suffering from is Crohn’s Disease. Crohn’s disease is commonly diagnosed on a regular basis all across the United States, however the reality is that medical realm does not specifically known what causes Crohn’s disease or why it has become so prevalent; some believe it is a combination of immune system deficiencies, genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The condition effects ...

HIV infection is slowly progressive disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus affects the immune system cells that have receptors on their surface CD4: Helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, microglia. As a result of the work of the immune system is suppressed, is developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the patient loses the ability to defend against infections and tumors that occur secondary opportunistic diseases that are not typical for people with normal immune status.

Etiology

HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus, belonging to the family of retroviruses, lentivirus genus. The HIV genome contains a ribonucleic ...

HIV & Pregnancy: Discussing and Evaluating HIV among Pregnant Women and Their Infants

Since its discovery in early 1980s, HIV or human immunodeficiency virus has been noted to kill approximately 39 million people worldwide, with another 1.5 million dying of HIV-related causes, making it the number one deadliest infectious agent worldwide (US Dept. of Health & Human Services, 2014). Attacking primarily the immune system of the body, HIV generally makes the body susceptible to a wide array of diseases that normally do not cause life-threatening complications to an uninfected body. HIV affects people regardless of sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status and it is primarily acquired through sexual activities. As a sexual disease, HIV has ...

T.A. is at increased risk of infections due to several factors. To start with, He admits smoking one pack of cigarettes per day. As a result, he is at risk of developing lung cancer and cancer of the mouth, throat, lips, kidney, stomach, and other organs. Furthermore, smoking leads to increased risk of the following conditions: heart attack, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis. These conditions are likely to weaken his immune system. As a result, his is prone to infections. T.A.’s laboratory results also show hemoglobin A1C level of 7.9% and serum glucose level ...

Diabetes Types, stats and pathology

Introduction 2 Statistics 2 Types of Diabetes 3 Type-1Diabetes 3 Type-2 Diabetes 4 Juvenile Diabetes 4 Gestational Diabetes 4 Prediabetes 5 LADA 5 MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) 5 Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis 6 Medical diagnosis 7 Causes 8 Monitoring diabetes and Drug Therapy 10 Insulin Shots and therapeutic agents 10 Dietary Considerations and Nutrition Therapy 11 Conclusion 11 Introduction Diabetes is a challenging disease for current health care that is causing a heavy financial burden to the society. Estimations have ...

Immunization

Parents have the ability to protect their children from numerous diseases before they attain the age of two years. Immunization is a sure way to prevent over fourteen serious illnesses that can lead to diverse consequences. Vaccines offered to infants are meant to introduce antigens that are essential in preventing diseases, which may occur in a given jurisdiction. Immunization is the only way to ensure that children are protected from diseases that may have devastating consequences hence limit the growth and development of an infant. Immunization helps in strengthening the immune system of an infant hence protecting him from diseases that ...

Introduction

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is a virus that weakens the immune system in humans. This is accomplished as the virus attacks the cells that fight infection and diseases. As a virus, it is similar in nature to other viruses, such as the flu. Unlike other viruses, however, the symptoms associated with HIV do not improve over time as HIV reproduces by systematically overtaking the cells within the host body. HIV does not heal and once an individual is infected, that individual will live the remainder of their life with this virus (aids.gov, n.d.). The symptoms associated with HIV may ...

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) poses a serious threat to the well-being of people in different parts of the world. When the virus infects, body cells of a healthy individual, it weakens the immune system and makes an individual vulnerable to contracting to AIDS. In essence, this paper covers many aspects of the HIV virus including its pathophysiology, genomic factors, prevention, treatment, a comprehensive literature review among others.

Pathophysiology of the Disease Processes

Usually, the HIV causing virus binds itself onto cells often classified as CD4 alongside a co-receptor enclosed by a set of glycoproteins (Hammer & Squires, 2010). Notably, replication of DNA is dependent on an unreliable process, which ...

You will not get wrinkles if you regularly do yoga exercises. This statement or useful advice you may have heard from many yogis or your yoga instructor. In fact, this statement is true as yoga increases the stretching ability of your muscles and your body becomes more elastic and beautiful, as well. Yoga is the only exercise that not only shapes up your body, but also cures many diseases. In yoga, you will find many “asana or yoga poses” that stimulate our internal organs,and they perform their function in much better way. Like “tritone asana” that stimulate ...