Essays on Erythematosus

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), otherwise known as lupus, is an autoimmune disease caused by varying and often unknown sources. There are different types of lupus, with SLE being the most common. Other types include lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, drug-induced lupus, and neonatal lupus. SLE can affect different organ systems including the skin, kidneys, liver, blood cells and brain. There is no direct known cause for this disease, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors such as certain medications, hormones, genetics and the environment. There are currently few treatments available for this disease and ...

Lupus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus simply known as Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disorder. It is a disease of challenging nature due to its unknown etiology. Also, it can affect people of all ages and may affect any organ or system of the body. It is characterized by flares and remissions. The etiology of SLE include both genetic and environmental components with female sex more susceptible. Environmental factors of SLE are the following: Ultraviolet light, demethylating drugs and infectious or endogenous viruses or viral like elements (Bertsias, Cervera, & Boumpas, 2012). SLE involves the humoral and cellular aspects of the innate and ...

INTRODUCTION

In the modern era there are a plethora of diseases, conditions and disorders that can affect individual’s health, well-being and quality of life for people all across the world. Whether it is from cancer to infections or from diabetes to HIV there is always the possibility of contracting or developing disease. However, not all diseases are contracted or developed due to an external influence, there are some that originate from the inside; such conditions are generally referred to as an autoimmune disease. This means that the problem involves an individual’s own immune system, perceives their own body ...

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Introduction

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune that can impact any part of the body resulting in a range of clinical symptoms. The affected part by Lupus may include brain, lungs, kidneys, skin, joints, blood vessels and other internal organs (Pisetsky, Gilkeson & St Clair, 1997). Lupus impacts the immune system by interfering with its capability of differentiating between antigens and normal healthy tissues. This incidence results in the misinterpretation by the immune system, and it directs the antibodies against the healthy tissues causing pain, tissue damage, and swelling. It ...

RESULTS

Section 1 All samples were found to be positive for the anti-Ro antibody with higher than 240 IU/ml, except Sample ID # 13 and 32, which showed lower concentrations (Figure 1.). These samples also exhibited occurrence of Smd and Dn respectively, albeit at low concentrations. Sample Id# 12 and 20 also showed presence of anti-La antibody. The autosera of Patient Id # 32 suffering from SS displays a faint 52kd IgM band, which is representative of 52kd anti-Ro antibody and is fainter in ethanol treatment sample. Patient ID # 42 expressing a higher than 240 IU/L of anti-Ro antibody in the clinical ...

Introduction

Neutrophils are produced from hematopoietic cells. Before these hematopoietic cells mature into fully functional neutrophils and enter the blood stream, they migrate through three cellular compartments, namely, the mitotic compartment, post-mitotic compartment and the storage compartment. Neutropenia is a condition characterized by decrease in the neutrophil count. Neutrophils are essential for fighting infections in the body. Common causes of neutropenia are chemotherapy, autoimmune disorders, drug reactions and genetic reasons. Absolute blood neutrophil count (ANC) in mild neutropenia is between 1.0 and 1.5 109/L. In severe neutropenia, the ANC is less than 0.5 109/L. Neutropenia can either be inherited or acquired. ( ...