Essays on Ethanol

Rajagopal, Deepak, and David Zilberman. (2011) Environmental, Economic and Policy Aspects of Biofuels. Hanover, MA: now. Print.
The economic argument behind using of subsidies in the economy is probably to balance the interest draw by individual players in the market to a fair ground for all. The U.S. government use subsidies to reduce on the weight of production for the producers of products. This is done through tax subsidies or the government participating in production process to prevent consumer exploitation of producers. This has been the cause of disagreement in a tough argumentative debate as to whether it is

Continue reading...

Abstract. Oxidation of ethanol is carried out by the oxidizing agent, potassium dichromate. The oxidizing agent undergoes a color change followed by the completion of the reaction. This change of color is utilized to measure the absorbance of the solution. The concentration of the unknown ethanol sample is calculated by plotting an absorbance vs concentration graph of the standard solutions.

Module and group

Lab class completed
- Introduction
The aim of the experiment is to determine the concentration of ethanol by calorimetric determination method. The concentration of ethanol is measured following its oxidation with potassium dichromate. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) undergoes reduction, which

Continue reading...

Lab Report: Ethanol Determination Experiment

Objective: “To Determine the Ethanol content in several beverages using the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.”

The Chemistry behind this experiment is simple enough to understand. In the reaction carried out in the experiment, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) is formed which can be analyzed quantitatively to find the concentration of Ethanol. The reaction involves oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde. This oxidation takes place with concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. This formation of NADH can be seen in the Δ absorption at 340 nm micro level. At this wavelength, the reduced co enzyme absorbs at a very fast rate than the oxidized

Continue reading...

Following the story of the use of ethanol to provide warmth in cold environments, this paper presents research on the effect the consumption of ethanol has on an individual’s body temperature. Firstly, the distribution of heat in the body is done by the blood. Through the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, the body loses and retains head respectively. Given that ethanol enters the bloodstream directly upon consumption, its effects are almost immediate. Its presence in the blood causes the widening of blood vessels due to its vasodilation effect (Eston & Reily, 2013).
This results in an increase in

Continue reading...

Introduction

All cells carry out cellular respiration in order to meet their energy requirements and to form metabolic intermediates that can be used to form secondary products. Amongst those products formed as a consequence of cellular respiration, are ATP and CO2. The formation of ATP in the cells occurs through the use of organic molecules available in the form of food (Lehninger, Nelson, & Cox, 2008). When oxygen is not available, ATP formation goes through a fermentation process, usually, referred to as alcoholic fermentation. The process utilizes a number of different sugars as the starting material. These sugars include fructose, glucose,

Continue reading...

Introduction

Esterification reactions refer to those processes between carboxylic acids and alcohols reacting together to produce esters (Smith, 2011). Ethyl ethanoate also referred to as ethyl acetate is one of the esters and is prepared through a reversible reaction between an alcohol and an acid. The process results in the production of an ester and water. The catalyst used in the reaction is sulfuric acid, which also works to remove water that is produced and thus to increase the yield of ester produced. The preparation of esters through this method is a good introduction of how equilibrium manipulation may help

Continue reading...

After reading the Green Dreams article, the best biofuel is the cellulose-produced biofuel. This is primarily because the production is not dependent on food crops like other ethanol production processes that use corn, soybeans, or sugarcane. Accordingly, rather than use the kernels to produce ethanol, it is possible to use the cellulose that is found in corn plants. As such, cellulose-focused biofuel production does not compete with food crops. Accordingly, the production of ethanol using cellulose is safer because it reduces the rate of global warming considerably taking into consideration that it involves use of heat and acid then

Continue reading...

Abstract

The purpose for this experiment was to explore the properties of Strawberry DNA. It was hypothesized that the DNA of a strawberry is red in color and soluble in ethanol. A Strawberry was placed in a self-sealing Zip Lock freezer bag from which air was removed. The bagged strawberry was mashed gently and 10 ml of extraction buffer was added. After further mashing of the bagged strawberry, the content of the bag was removed and filtered through cheesecloth into a test tube before adding alcohol. White clouds that resemble threads were seen floating on the surface of alcohol. These

Continue reading...

Sugar was original derived from the French word “ Sukere” (oxford). By understand the power of sugar, as a commodity and industry, in relation with the current modern globalized market, one can better understand the impact this substance has had on both the present and in the past.
I am convinced that sugar is a powerful force that has had a great impact on history. Sugar production has not only caused the physical colonization, its use has caused us to differentiate class identity around it; today we take for granted the presence on sugar around us. Examining both the social

Continue reading...

Introduction

Bio-fuel is a form of energy which is obtained from renewable animal and plant materials. It includes; ethanol, biodiesel, green diesel, and biogas. Its development can be drawn into three generations; first, second and third, depending on the source of production. Bio-fuel crops such as sunflower, corn, sugarcane, rapeseed etc. are the source of first generation bio-fuels. A good example is ethanol. In the United States, ethanol is manufactured from corn whereas in Brazil sugarcane is used in the production of ethanol. In the case of second generation, bio-fuels are manufactured from agricultural waste materials, forestry, poplar, willow, perennial

Continue reading...

[Writer’s Name]
As we, all know that the concept of demand and supply is extremely important and powerful as far as subject of economics is concerned, as it has every bread and butter about this field of study. The study of economic inevitably associated with every occupation; hence, it is more than important for a person to have sufficient knowledge regarding this subject and its related terms (Samuelson, p.47).
If the concepts of economics relate to every line of business, then it may also associated with the economy of a country as well and while making of Gross

Continue reading...

As disclosed in the annual crop report, 2013, the crop of soybean and corn were quite low iin production during 2012 on account of drought in Midwestern areas of USA. With low production/supply and continued demand in the market, prices of these food crops suffered a high shock and were at high levels because of shortage in the market.
However, this year the condition seem favorable with corn production expected to be record high with the increase of 28%, while production of soybean is expected to be more than 8%, as compared to last year . Now with the production

Continue reading...

[Writer’s Name]
As we, all know that the concept of demand and supply is extremely important and powerful as far as subject of economics is concerned as it has every bread and butter about this field of study. The study of economic inevitably associated with every occupation; hence, it is more than important for a person to have sufficient knowledge regarding this subject and its related terms (Samuelson, p.47).
If the concepts of economics relate to every line of business, then it may also associated with the economy of a country as a whole or while making of

Continue reading...

As disclosed in the annual crop report, 2013, the crop of soybean and corn were quite low iin production during 2012 on account of drought in Midwestern areas of USA. With low production/supply and continued demand in the market, prices of these food crops suffered a high shock and were at high levels because of shortage in the market.
However, this year the condition seem favorable with corn production expected to be record high with the increase of 28%, while production of soybean is expected to be more than 8%, as compared to last year . Now with the production

Continue reading...

- Yes. It will be in its flammable range to ignite since 7.8% lies within the flammable range of alcohol which is 3.3% to 19%.
- The vapor density of alcohol in air will rise since it is less dense than air.
- Since ethanol is less dense than water, it will form an upper layer on top of water and will continue to burn.( Doolittle, A. 658).
- If heat is added to the ethanol, the vapor pressure will rise since there will be an additional energy to drive the molecules.
- The material with the highest flammable

Continue reading...

Chemical equilibrium refers to the condition that occurs when the both the concentration of the reactant and product in a chemical reaction have not net change over time (Helmenstine). There are many chemical reactions that do not go on to completion. These reactions go on until equilibrium is attained. However, the system at this point is not static but dynamic with the forward and the reverse reactions still in progress. Equilibrium reactions are very common throughout chemistry, and most of the biochemical processes taking place in life involve equilibria.
One useful feature of an equilibrium reaction is the fact

Continue reading...

Current Business Problems and Possible Solutions

Abstract
The Sugar industry in Pakistan has been forced to face a number of problems in the recent years, especially for those people who are stake holders in them, most notably those of the raw material suppliers, the employees and the mill owners. Government intervention in the form of price flooring and the inability of some sugar mills such as Kohinoor Sugar mills limited in keeping up the technology pace with other larger, more technology suave sugar mills has resulted in numerous problems for the management. This paper explores some of the current problems being faced by Kohinoor Sugar

Continue reading...

Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare soap through the saponification process and use it to test water hardness.
Procedure
The saponification process began by placing approximately 5 grams of lard in a beaker. 15 mL of sodium Hydroxide (6 M) was slowly and carefully added followed by an addition of 25 mL of ethanol. After adding ethanol, the beaker was heated while stirring until the base fully reacted with the lard. The result was a clear and homogenous solution. After cooling the solution, 20 mL of water was added. The next step involved the preparation of saturated

Continue reading...

Introduction

Heat of vaporization and vapor pressure are the two essential properties of a liquid in thermodynamics. The vapor pressure of a substance is the measure of the tendency of its molecules escaping (Blauch). The heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of the attractive energy that exists between molecules in the liquid and has to be overcome in order for the molecules enter the vapor phase. When a liquid sample is put into a container, there is the tendency for the liquid to evaporate. Liquid molecules escape from their state into the gaseous state. When the liquid is

Continue reading...