Essays on Degradation

1. ABSRACT

The purpose of this experiment was two-fold. Firstly it was to synthesize shape-controllable Copper Oxide (Cu2O) under alkaline conditions by using hydrothermal methodology. Secondly it was to measure and evaluate its application for photocatalytic degradation of direct blue dye 53 also commonly known as Direct Blue 53 or Evans Blue. Materials used for the first step were Cu2O and the two reactants, CuCl2.2H2O and NaOH. The temperature during the hydrothermal process was raised from 80°C to 140°C. Two products were synthesized: a) the Cu2O nanorod and b) a mixture of Cu2O nanorod and Cu2O nanocubes.

Hydrothermal temperature was found to ...

Environmental protection posses many challenges in today’s society, not least considering a range of different social, economic and environmental concepts across the world. Through the work of environmental enforcement authorities, some aspects of environmental conservation have been streamlined to ensure best practices. Under the stewardship of environmental concise agencies such as UNEP and UN-HABITAT, many programs have been undertaken to, better, understand the impacts of environmental degradation and graft measures of conserving the environment. It is noble vision is geared towards rehabilitation, restoration and maintenance of environmental resources such as water, land and air. The programs are directed at ...

Introduction

Water degradation is the contamination of water (inland water that’s not saline) with materials or substances that result in the water being unfit for human, plant or animal use. Pollution may occur from chemicals, fecal waste, pesticides, sediments, petroleum or heated substances. Water sources that have been polluted are unfit for fishing, swimming, and the water is unfit for human consumption. Water quality degradation is, as a result, diffuse contaminants at the source with the spatial as well as the temporal variability that’s associated with the sources (Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change, 2007). It is more difficult to ...

NITROGEN AND COPPER DOPED SOLAR LIGHT ACTIVE TIO2 PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR WATER DECONTAMINATION

Abstract: A new category of photocatalytic coating that can degrade chemical as well as bacterial contaminants under visible sunlight wavelengths was generated by the deposition of a stable photocatalytic TiO2 film over the internal lumen of glass bottles by means of a sol–gel technique. Such a coating was produced either in doped or undoped form. This coating used copper and/ or nitrogen for producing visible light-active TiO2 films that were normalized or annealed at 600 ◦C and were characterized by Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The degradation of methylene blue was seen to accelerate with doped and undoped TiO2 films ...

1. When placed on an agar slab and incubated at 30°C for 2 days, a single yeast cell proliferates into a colony with a diameter of 2 mm containing 108 yeast cells. If the cell has a functional Ade2 gene (Ade2+), the colony will be white; if Ade2 is non-functional (Ade2–), the colony will be red. You take a strain with a mutant Ade2– at the regular chromosomal position (red colonies) and insert a second, functional Ade2+ gene near the telomere. You find that the colonies are a mixture of red and white patches or sectors. Figure 1 shows some colonies; the black regions represent the ...

Degrading Nature: Rising Sea level in Caribbean Sea

Lately, rising sea level is among the contentious environmental issues and has become more challenging in environmentalism. Rising sea level has various impacts on both the natural environment and human populations, more especially those living on islands and the coastal regions. It is estimated that the sea level rose by about 1.8 yearly in 1950-2010, and this rate keep on increasing with time. There are a number of factors that are associated with the rising sea level. The Caribbean sea-level rise serves as a good illustration of how the sea-level rise is an environmental challenge (Gallagher, 2006). This paper seeks to ...

THESIS: There is a link between economic growth and environmental decay since as the countries operate to achieve economic growth by exploiting their economic resources, such growth leads to the deterioration and eventual decay of the environment. - Economic growth and the environment - Economic growth is the increase in the country’s productive capacity. - Higher economic growth requires greater use of natural resources and environment. - Increasing use of resources to increase productivity coupled with increasing pressure caused by increasing number of people decreases supply of natural resources and therefore, degradation of the environment. ...

Introduction

The process of aging has always intrigued people. The conundrum related to the reasons for aging, the timing for aging, the aging marker, and whether or not there is a limit for people to grow old has created a mystery that has been dwelt upon by the mankind for hundreds of years. Despite the advancement made in the study of genetics and molecular biology, the mysteries surrounding the aging body are yet to be unfolded. There are several theories of aging, which try to explain why the body organs, skin and sensory capabilities degrade with age. However, all theories have some ...

Incinerating means burning waste or trash until what is left is ashes awaiting disposal. An incinerator is a machine used to burn waste and trash until these materials are reduced into ash. The device is constructed using heavy machinery and well insulated materials that protect heat transmission into the immediate environment. Incinerating serves to keep hazardous material from finding their way into landfills where they can harm workers in such facilities (Donohoe 2003, pp. 588). The devices produce power while in process of waste burning that can be used elsewhere. The byproducts of incineration are air and smog pollution, and ...

The immune system has an immune arsenal that help in the combat of infections including the challenging viral infections (Iannello 2006). Upon infection by a virus, the host invariably reacts by activating its line of defenses. These immune defenses can fall into two main groups: the innate immune system (first line of defense) and adaptive immune response. The innate immune system is non-specific in nature, but the adaptive immune system is acquired following previous infections or vaccinations (Iannello 2006). However, viruses continue to undergo an evolution and have engineered strategies that evade the hosts’ immune antiviral responses. This paper examines ...

Introduction

Recent decades have witnessed endless debates among environmentalists and economists on the economic and environmental effect of the current usage of Mexican land. With farmers supporting a policy to strengthen wine production in Mexico, real estate developers are interests in a strategy that would allow urban sprawl on Mexican land. Although, the two ideas are beneficial to Mexican economic development, there is increased concern of the environmental implication of these competing economic undertakings. Real estate developers are by large condemned for facilitating environmental degradation with limited consideration of its impacts on future generation (Johnson 21). On the other hand, wine ...

Introduction

There have been increased awareness on ethical business and environmental degradation within the recent decades. Just like human, organizations are held responsible for their actions. This paper explores the ethical theories and concepts as they apply to the case study of the OK Tedi Copper Mine. The new CEO of BHP, Paul Anderson had just come in office and faced with the task of managing what people had referred to as the world’s greatest ongoing “environmental disaster” (Velasquez, 2012).

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that places the locus of right and wrong solely on the consequences or outcomes ...

Wal-Mart supercenter can be defined as a large American multinational retail corporation which runs chains of different large discount stores and warehouses. The company is considered to be one of the biggest corporations in the world and the biggest private employer. Change can be defined as making something different or to simply become different. This paper therefore will explore some of the change efforts that has been spearheaded in the Wal-Mart supercenter.

Situation leading to change

It is prudent to state that over the past years, the Wal –Mart supercenter has contributed immensely to environmental pollution. The environmental impact of the supercenter across the ...

Environmental conservation is one of the main concerns in the modern society. Understanding the various components of the environment and the risks facing them is one of the milestones in the conservation process. This essay seeks to address this issue in detail. It stands for the position that failure to understand and appreciate the importance of these environmental components leads to the degradation of the same. Three main components of the environment and the challenges facing them are addressed below. The first major component is land. This is the ground on which we live and work. It is ...

Outline This essay will look at the issue of global warming using the Toulmin model (Toulmin, 1; Fullerton.edu, 1). As such, the following sections will be discussed in the essay in line with the model: Claim: Looking at the issue of global warming, it is clear that there are many causes culminating into the pollution of the environment, and the degradation of the ozone layer. There are various factors that can lead to this. The end result is global warming which threatens life on the planet. As such, it is the responsibility of the inhabitants of earth ...

PROJECT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT REPORT ‘BRAZIL ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION OF RIPARIAN FORESTS IN SÃO PAULO’ (TF-55091) April 16, 2014 (http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/04/25/000442464_20140425103812/Rendered/PDF/871050PPAR0P0880090Box385188B00OUO090.pdf) What was the problem the World Bank loan addressed - summarize it in your own words, don't copy and paste from the report. The city of Sao Paulo is home to two critical environmental biomes, the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado. Since the city is very populous and has a lot of agricultural activities, these two ecosystems are threatened by both large scale agriculture (15% of national agricultural produce) and small scale agriculture. The aim of this project ...

Introduction

A scientific study was conducted to evaluate the effects of crude oil on different nitrifying prokaryotes. The researchers utilized ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea to develop a bioassay. The study evaluated the ecological responses of these two groups of microorganisms on marine oil spills. Researchers found inhibition of nitrite production in all tested ammonia-oxidizing micro-organisms. The paper highlights the impact of crude oil spills on the environment. The paper also demonstrates the effects of phytoremediation to treat the oil spills. Many scientific studies had been conducted to evaluate the effects of phytoremediation (Using Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrosococcus oceani) for crude oil ...

Introduction

The novel ‘Silent Spring’ was authored by Rachael Carson. The novel, ‘Silent Spring’ presents a vivid review of the manner in which the environment has been bargained or compromised by some of the most effective pesticides. An example of these pesticides is the DDT. Carson’s major argument in this book is based on the negative impacts of the pesticides that were used in agricultural activities. She insisted that the pesticides killed bugs. However, there was a more serious issue that she intended to address than just mentioning the obvious reason behind implementing the pesticide solution in agriculture. The book was ...

When designing various projects for a client, an engineer is concerned with different aspects of the design. For instance, the aesthetic value of the design is very important to the engineer. Other factors that concern the engineer are the durability of the product and the cost effectiveness in both the design and production processes. However, and without belittling the importance of these factors, safety is ultimately the major concern of the engineer. Safety as a factor is incorporated into all designs, for both the client and the environment (including other people who might not necessarily use the product but stand in ...

Sorting of the Receptor

Response to questions Q. A Describe the main pathway turned ‘on’ by the EGFR to regulate cell growth MAPK/ERK pathway is the main pathway, which is turned on by EGFR in order to regulate cell growth. This path comprises of a chain of proteins within the cell, which communicates a signal from the cell receptor surface to the DNA within the cell nucleus. When a molecule binds to the receptor at the cell surface, a signal is induced and ends when the DNA expresses a protein, which in turn produces some changes within the cell. One of the common changes are cell ...

Pollution is amongst the world’s killer threats that many economies try to fight against. Environmental pollution affects the health of over 100 million people globally on an annual basis (Harris, 2012). The search for economic development has been quoted as one of the key factors that initiate environmental degradation. The case in China is no different; for three consecutive decades, China has been on the remark in successive economic developments. This has resulted from increased income from the manufacturing and industrial sector. China is amongst the top regions in the world in production of machines, gases, coal, among ...

Environmental ethics is a discipline that studied the concepts of moral relationships between human beings and the environment (Keller, 2010). It is a philosophical disciple that involves a study of moral relationships, values and status of environment, and its non-human contents. In the recent past, the literature behind environmental studies, the distinction between intrinsic and instrumental values has gained significant importance. This is as a result of massive human activities, which pose adverse effects to the environment (Carnegie and Griffith University, 1996).

Instrumental values, in environmental ethics, can be explained as the valuation of things or activities, which form means to further some ...

A polymer is commonly defined as a combination of different compounds that in them have some structures that repeat themselves. The entire process that in the end leads to the development of a polymer is known as polymerization. In essence, it is used to refer to how the various parts are combined to form a polymer. Traditionally, more focus was given on the covalent bonds when linking the compounds of a polymer. This has, however, changed in the recent past, and non-covalent bonds have also been given some level of significance. Polymer is a term in reference to exceptionally large classes of the ...

The current business climate is represented by corporations that have influence on the society and environment. Their influence surpasses the economic well being and extends beyond social responsibility. There is an exponential growth in concern about the world’s environment. A lot of focus is being made on corporations that play or have played roles in recognition of the benefits of using the environment sustainably. As well, a good number of corporations have embraced the need and benefits associated with issues of corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) simply constitutes the notion that company can basically have influence on ...

The struggle for sustainability in rural China

Evidence from scholarly material has shown that there is an assumption on issues concerning the environment in rural China. These stereotypic opinions have been largely generated by the general public as well as the aforementioned scholars. The first assumption being that the Chinese people do not care about their environment as they are more concerned about their economic development. Secondly, it is assumed that even if the people cared about the environment and were concerned about the pollution, there is little they could do to stop it because the central government has put more emphasis on economic development than ...

Forewords

Water sustainability is a crucial issue in Nigeria as well as in other developing countries. The significant issues of water sustainability in Nigeria include many factors as desertification; the depletion of critical wetlands, forests and vegetation covers at a fast rate. In addition, it includes the pollution of water sources from point sources such as industrial effluent and urban domestic wastes; unregulated utilization of groundwater for domestic purposes. There is also an issue of unavailability of portable water for citizens in most parts of the country particularly those in the rural areas and so forth (Ajai). These water sustainability issues are ...

Protein degradation is a regulatory process of all living beings that helps to weed out proteins that are faulty in nature. The fault maybe in their sequence or folding. The proteins are degraded via ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The proteasome is made up of an outer activating module and an inner core particle (CP), which in turn is made up of outer α subunits and inner β subunits. The α subunits guard a N-terminal gates pore, which open up when proteasome activators (PA) binds to it. The β subunits have the active sites that can broadly accommodate different faulty proteins for degradation. ...

Introduction:

Security refers to the protection of life from any force or factor that is threatening to it. Traditionally, security has been viewed from militaristic approaches that are related to the avoidance of conflicts between States and Nations of the world (BRAUCH, 2003). The traditional approach to this issue has majorly focused on studying the threats in our world and using or controlling military forces to address the issue. Since the cold war ended, there has been a distinct shift from security studies and international relations in addressing security approaches. The world super powers are no longer the sole determinants of ...

Introduction

Orthopedics refers to the branch of surgery devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of illness, injuries malformations and deformities of the musculoskeletal system (Goriainov et al. 2014). The system includes the muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints and bones. Orthopedic engineering leverages biomaterials in the form of implants such as sutures, joint replacements, bone plates and so forth. It also deals medical devices to replace damaged and defective parts of the body (Goriainov et al. 2014,"Material, Technology and Profit” 1988). Biomaterial is termed as "Any substance (other than drug) or combination of substances, synthetic or natural in origin, which ...

- Introduction - Aim This study aims at establishing two different water sources and developing critical comparisons between these two water systems and their use in the Arabian Gulf. - Information specific to region ( water situation )- evidence. The Gulf region is a dryland which extends from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman to the mountains of Aimen. The arid area symbolically stretches through the vast area and the arid belt includes high and low mountainous regions. The lack of vegetation and water resources in the Gulf encapsulates dry sub-humid areas. The characteristic features of the massive ...

Introduction

Environmental pollution has over the past few decades been a subject matter of discussion among many states. The main reason behind this can be associated with the increasing rate of environmental degradation and the adverse effects that this reason can impose on the well-being of human existence (Zhao, 2010). The United Nations Environmental Program ( UNEP) has been holding annual general meetings where stakeholders from all over the world meet and discuss crucial factor and measures affecting the environment. It has become adequately clear that over the years crucial environmental factors have become the prime subjects of discussion globally right before ...

CHAPTER 2”YOU MAKE A CALL” P, 63

Ethical reason that justifies hiring Julie Ethical reasoning which justifies hiring Julie is based on the fact that the lady has great experience in the business. In addition, Julie is willing and able to bring more clients of her own. This means that the sales volume of the business is likely to increase which in turn will result to an increase in the profit margin. Furthermore, Sally describes Julie as the person she has been looking for all along. Actually, the sole aim of the business is always to make profit. However, profit is also determined by the ...

Land and sea polluted with petroleum-based synthetic and natural substances have led to the development of techniques using biological organisms for clean-up. The technique is called bioremediation. “Bio” refers to biology and “remediation” to clean-up. The types of microorganisms used are bacteria fungi and actinomycetes. Bacteria can be used for bioremediation under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Actinomycetes are generally anaerobic and grow from spores forming filaments and branches. The applications and environment for optimum bioremediation varies depending on the pollutant and the biological organisms. Different combinations work better depending on the temperature, substrata and other environmental variables. The goal ...

Multinational organisations present serious challenges in complying with international and domestic ethical norms. Particularly, multinational organisations currently experience various complications in assuming full responsibility of their actions to the society and environment. The manner in which an organisation can effectively foster a culture of ethical code in all its countries of operations, how to education employees on the importance of complying with the set regulations, and the most effective means of meeting the intricate legal and compliance obligations are some of the main challenges that face most multinational organisation. Even though all these challenges are independent, the solution to these ...

The experiment aimed to show that Blm10 protein elevates the turnover of proteasomal substrate through an active gating mechanism. This was to be done by showing that Blm10 enhances degradation that is proteasome-mediated in vitro using hypophosphorylated unstructured tau-441 as the substrate.

The objective was achieved using various stains such as BY4741, yMS63, yMS94, yMS122b, yMS131, yMS152, yMS159, and yMS476 among others. To start with, the proteasomal activity was assayed by determining gate opening in yeast CP/20S proteasome by the C terminal peptides. Phenotypic analysis was also done by growing the stains overnight in YPD and diluted to a density ...

Introduction

The uncontrolled forces of Globalization have brutally invaded the Amazon by challenging the natural habitat and damaging its most precious eco system. In the previous 3 decades, more than numerous people have lost their lives in land wars while there are countless numbers who are living in a state of fear and uncertainty. The life of natives is under serious and constant threat by the timber theft and that of land grabbers. It has become a Wild West frontier loaded with bulldozers, chain saws, and guns (Arezki and Selod 1–27). The government agents are normally ineffective and corrupt or in ...

Introduction

China is the most populous country in the world. It is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The population of this country is also growing at a steady rate. As a result, the demand for food in the country is growing with time. One of the reasons why the demand for food in China grows with time is the steady growth in the economy. As people’s purchasing power in the country increases, their eating habits change thus causing them to demand different varieties of food. Food security is important to a country’s growth and sustainability. Food security ...

Ecological integrity is defined as the situation into which all the dynamic components that makes up the ecosystems are functioning as they should be. Ecological integrity depends on healthy natural features such as wildlife, soil, climate, land reforms, water and processes in an ecosystem. There must be whole food webs such as nutrient, liveliness water cycles. A packed complement of inhabitant species that can maintain their populations and naturally functioning processes-must be in existence for ecological integrity to be achieved (Gale, 2003). Ecological integrity continues to be threatened by human activities. These human activities continue to stress ecosystems thereby ...

There is a remarkable change regarding the extent of art in history. In the past, art paid attention to the natural art and beauty solely. However, the majority of art has continued to flow on different directions and has crossed different oceans. Many years ago, arts that depict the environment has captured interest and it has developed as an imperative center of contemporary investigation of arts. Together with environmental principles, art has turned to be an element of the wider variety of environmental investigation as well as environmental activities and endeavors. This development has sustained, understanding environment in ...

Terrestrial Ecosystems Dynamic

Ecological systems are dynamic by nature and constantly feel the influence of climate variability. Since the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems are controlled by climatic factors through metabolic function, it may change in the future dynamics of forest restoration, growth, progress and growth of tree mortality, as well as the relationship of rocks. It is expected that climate change will be faster than the rate at which ecosystems can adapt and repair itself. Ecosystems of the North must first of all respond to possible global warming because of climate-driven ecosystem response reveals itself most clearly. At high ...

Abstract

Several drug policies in the United States have been implemented in a move to try and eradicate drugs out of the streets and schools due to their negative effects on the lives of users and family members. The involvement of drugs in the country has been for a long time and the fight to control the vice continues where several government agencies have been mandated with ensuring that the society is free of illicit substances and drugs. Drug abuse has been a menace in the world and there is need to find lasting solution to this problem that affects the weak and ...

Globalization, environment and sustainability are related concepts with globalization relating to international integration and leads to economic growth which in turn affects the environment and sustainability. Globalization is a positive factor with beneficial results to economic growth however it is also responsible for negative effects of disappearing sustainability socially and environmentally worldwide. Traditional ways of life in Ladakh from the book, Ancient Futures, by Helena Norberg-Hodge shows sustainability both ecological and social and a system that could exist for some time, however; introduction of modernization as a result of globalization has led to disintegration of sustainability in the region. The ...

The concept of science and technology is understood based on the period and the mental view of society. Technology has turned the world into a small global village by simplifying processes like transport and communication. Science and technology are responsible for economic development and environmental degradation in the world today (McClellan, 45). It is essential to note that science and technology are being used to develop the necessary measures to counteract environmental degradation. What is the importance of Science and Technology in the modern world? This paper provides proof and examples to show the contribution and importance of science and ...

1. Why is population growth an ecological problem? What other problems are associated with population growth? If the US does not have anywhere near the world’s largest population, why might it still bear a disproportionate amount of responsibility for ecological degradation? What, besides sheer numbers, is important to think about with respect to population, consumption and ecological issues? As of now, the total world population is well over 7 billion. This means that the planet, with its combined variety of renewable and non-renewable resources essential to support life, has to take in all the load and be exploited ...

Introduction.

The cross-country pipelines, which cover most parts of US transverse through terrains of forests, crop fields, rivers, deserts, off shores, hills, and populated areas. Any malfunction of these pipelines implies a devastating effect on the environment. This means that designing the pipelines require skills, and a consideration of social and environmental aspect along with other technological alternatives. Environmentalists view pipelines as high risk potential sources of environmental degradation from oil spillages and raptures (Flora, 2005). Economists and policy makers, on the other hand, view them as the cheapest and safest means of fossil fuel delivery. This has posed a debate on environmental ...

Introduction

Texaco, an oil company of American origin was founded in Beaumont, Texas. The flagship product of the company is its fuel, known as “Texaco with Techron”. The company also owns another brand of motor oil, Havoline. The company has used technology in order to expand its business empire. The company has been in the business of oil exploration and extraction in various regions of the world. As such, the company has used different technologies in order to pump oil from deep seated sources in the earths crust. The use of such technology causes environmental degradation to a great extent. ...

Abstract

This paper aims to explore and analyze the fundamentals and basics of environmental science. It talks about what all environmental science and its study constitute of. It takes an holistic view of environment and its study and explores the problems facing our environment, the proposed and applied solutions, effects of technological advancements and human activities and the evolving process of sustainable environment. ‘Environmental science is the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it contains, as well as the way people interact with their natural surroundings and use natural resources.’ (wiseGeek, n.d). The definition above very intelligently ...

Across the globe, approximately 1.7 people live in destitution today (Vetterlein 514). Poverty can be relative or absolute depending on the extent of the level of lacking. Many people living in absolute poverty cannot access basic facilities such as food, healthcare, shelter, clothing, and education. Apart from absolute poverty, other people live in relative poverty, whereby they cannot afford socially acceptable secondary items or income like the others in the same region. For a long time, communities and societies accepted poverty as a way of life, believing that nature could never be sufficient enough to offer the whole population a better living. ...

In the 21st century, the world has faced so many forms of environmental problems. The rate of environmental degradation has increased by a big margin due to increased industrial activities. The common thread environmental problems facing the world have increased. The common threads are the causes or the affected components of the environment that lead to or are affected by environmental degradation. The major problems emanating from environmental degradation include global warming, air pollution, ozone depletion, water pollution, forest cover destruction, overpopulation, acid rain and hazardous waste.

The environmental problems facing the world are caused by human related causes. Population ...

Reflective Statement

Taking the course has brought me to a deeper understanding and appreciation of what nature has given us freely and a realization of what contributions I make in the process of destroying her. It is fascinating to realize that everything we do has an effect on either its preservation or tearing down. This makes our attitude or actions towards her very important and critical because if she is destroyed, its inhabitants will also be destroyed along with her.

The last three months has been like going through an evolution. An evolution of knowing what my lifestyle is contributing to the ...

Introduction

The need for a safe, hazard free and healthy environment cannot be over-emphasized. This need is accentuated by obvious facts such as climate change, acid rain, ozone depletion, species extinction as is characteristic of global environmental trends (Claudio, 2007). The UNEP, (2013) report shows that people everywhere around the world (2 million annual deaths and billions of diseases attributed to pollution) experience the negative consequences of environmental degradation, ecosystem decline and natural disasters due to untoward environmental practices as well as unsafe environmental management and disposal of toxic and dangerous waste materials, leading to worldwide demand for environmental justice and ...

Better communication means using the same definitions. The words that are used by the petroleum industry to describe the amount of production, waste and loss are not clearly defined. Transparency is absolutely needed and communication with the IOCs must be improved. The petroleum industrial sector must be held responsible for what they say and what they do. Unravelling the doublespeak in written and spoken messages from the IOCs needs to be a serious goal. The people of the Niger Delta can be involved in translating the dialogue and regulatory intentions of the IOCs. They live in the reality and involving ...

Introduction

The field of medicine and pharmacy has over the recent past experienced tremendous growth with technological improvements making pharmacy and the analysis of drugs and characteristics of drugs much simpler. Drug analysis is a fundamental aspect of drug development. It is not confined to making improvements to drug but also assessing quality to ascertain their fitness for human consumption. Drugs are chemical compounds that are affected by a number of factors including temperature, moisture and contaminants among others. For this reason, technology has provided an analytical tool for analyzing the drugs.

Following the introduction of spectroscopy about half a century ago, ...

Lysine

Amino acids are organic molecules, the monomers of proteins that contain both amino and carboxyl groups. Proteins of a cell mostly contain 20 types of amino acids that differ in the side chain known as R group. Therefore, the properties of the amino acid in protein fully depend on the characteristics of the side chains.

Lysine is an essential amino acid, that means it cannot be synthetized in the human organism. The side chain of the lysine molecule contains an additional amino group attached to the carbon skeleton. Because of the positive charge in the side chain, the charge ...

In physics, energy is loosely defined as the ability to do work. This definition often takes into assumption that energy can’t be directly observed but only its effects can be observed. Therefore, energy can only be defined by what it does not what it is. From this definition, it is clear that energy is used to do some work. From the definition of work, it is also clear that energy is the ability to exert a certain force on a body or particle of mass. Sources of energy can be broadly divided into two categories. The major categories ...

Corridors and Population Dispersion

Part I. Introduction and Review of Relevant Biology

1. Energy transfer becomes inefficient in higher trophic levels in a food chain. Predators utilize more energy in obtaining food than their prey. The number of organisms and the amount of biomass defines energy relationships among organisms in trophic levels. Most top predators are huge in size but their population is lower because there is not enough energy to support a large population of these predators (Odum and Barrett).

2. A population of infinite size is seen less likely to evolve since it would be almost resistant to random fluctuations within the environment. Small populations on the other hand are prone ...

Abir, L. M. (2013, March 11 ). Impact of tourism in coastal areas: Need of sustainable tourism strategy. Retrieved October 20, 2013, from http://www.marbef.org/wiki/Impact_of_tourism_in_coastal_areas:_Need_of_sustainable_tourism_strategy

This article provides a discussion on the issues and impacts of coastal tourism evaluating the current environmental related affairs and issues regarding the future of tourism. In the conclusion, the article provides suggestions for the management of coastal tourism in the future. The article begins with the recognition of the increased awareness for improving sustainable forms of tourism. The coastal regions provide transition points between the land and the sea featuring high biodiversity and the most volatile and fragile ecosystem on earth. For example, the coral reefs and mangroves present a very fragile environment. Rapid urbanization has also led to increased ...

INTRODUCTION.

The 21st Century represents a culmination of human development in different respects. In the natural resource sector, there have been massive establishments of modern petroleum industries, and the subsequent development and expansion of these industries are certainly among the significant success stories of this generation. Another significant development observed in this generation is the development and change in the environmental front, first observed in America then Western Europe in between late 1960 and early 1970’s. The environmental front poses unprecedented threats and challenges to the petroleum industry.

Exploration and extraction of petroleum causes detrimental impacts on water, soil, ecosystems, ...

The human body is constituted in about 20% by protein. Proteins, on their hand, are constituted by amino acids. Therefore, the intake of proteic food is very important so that the proteins of such foods may be metabolized and the amino acids and energy gathered to maintain the body’s protein levels.

The existence of correct amounts of amino acids in the body is essential for several functions:

- the body’s skeletal muscle constitution; - for transport of nutrients to the same cells; - cell repair; - cell communication: - influence on organs’ good function; - eliminating residues from metabolism; - amino acids are also nutrients in itself, ...

Islamic Environmental Ethics

Introduction The new technological developments increase mobility as well as comfort, but might have major harmful effects to the environment besides risking human health. The harmful effects of technological developments to the environment have resulted in what many have termed as environmental crises. The environmental crises are a threat to human beings as well as other living organisms. The existing evidence shows that the technical solutions have essentially not been resulting in outcomes that are satisfactory. Thus, it is critical for us to know how we should behave towards the environment. It is worth mentioning that, among the theoretical ...