Essays on Forest

The following is a layman’s version on the processes that produced the first intelligent, sentient creature, the human being. The paper will address the time through the forest- savannah transition in east Africa and through to the first hand axe and spear making, a period of approximately three million years ago. The paper will propose probable events that might have occurred during that time. The pre-human ancestors went from among the weakest and defenseless prey on the plains of African grassland to the voracious terror of the modern world, within an interval of approximately one million years. How Continue reading...

The Greenpeace campaign is a global movement aimed at addressing issues of environmental damages. The discussion focuses on merits of Greenpeace public relations by assessing the damages caused to P&G corporate image. Furthermore, how the maturation of social media affected such campaigns. Furthermore, it provides an analysis of whether Greenpeace or P&G is acting appropriately or not. It will also predict on the possible safety measures to be undertaken by the two organizations in the protection of the environment. According to Greenpeace, the P&G corporate image does to concur well with expectations of the public. However, the P&G counters Continue reading...

Mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is a bark beetle that lays eggs within the vascular system of the mature trees of lodgepole pine (Pinus
contorta). First known epidemic infestation was recorded in 1994 in the forests of British Columbia (BC). Prior to 1994, the infestation was negligible, owing to the fact that extreme low temperatures of winter killed the beetle, thereby curbing the problem. In the past two decades, however, due to global warming the winter temperatures are not low enough to kill the beetle. This has escalated the problem of deforestation and thereby has unbalanced the Continue reading...

Deforestation involves permanent destruction of forests and the land used for non forest uses such as urbanization and agriculture. Deforestation in the world results to loss of an estimated 18 million acres of forest each year. Deforestation is also the reason why about half of the tropical forests in the world have been cleared, and forests cover only about 30% of the world’s land mass (Chakravarty 4). The effects of deforestation are far reaching where loss of forest covers contributes to an estimated 15% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions significant contribution to global warming. Trees play a Continue reading...

I often dream of a beautiful, lush forest with trees that tower with outstretched branches, propped on top of rugged icy peaks, swaying to and fro in the cooing winds, losing a branch or a leaf here and there. This forest that I dream of is nothing more than an imaginary place, and for some reason I have never wandered father, I just stand in one place admiring those towering trees and listening to the whispering of the wind. So, since I have to write about a place I have visited before, I would like to imagine what it Continue reading...

Observation and background information

The gypsy moth is one of the most devastating forest pests. It is currently one of the most damaging tree defoliators in the United States. It originated from Europe in 1868 (Davidson 12). The first gypsy moth in the United States occurred in the Boston area. The outbreak can quickly and effectively destroy forests. The gypsy moths are voracious eaters, and they completely destroy the entire trees. Their destruction impact forest and other related industries. The gypsy moths have natural few enemies because they are nonnative (Davidson 65).
The Gypsy moth causes various environmental and economic impacts. The Gypsy Continue reading...

Introduction

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) is one of the forest agency under the United States Agricultural Department that monitors the country’s 20 national grasslands and 155 national forests that consist of 193 000 000 acres (i.e. 780 000 square kilometers). The main divisions under this agency include the R&D branch, Private and State Forestry, Law Enforcement and Investigations, and the National Forest branch.

Involvement of different government parts in decisions and regulation making

The operation of the Forest Service is controlled by the federal government, which is responsible in formulating new laws and regulations. This research examines how the different parts are involved in the decisions and regulation Continue reading...

Wonderland was a village that nobody wanted to be associated with unless he or she had a unique magic. As the name suggests, this village was full of wonders and everything, people, animals, birds, trees and stones, was extraordinary. Every person who lived in this village had to be in possession of a certain charm in order survive. Village elders introduced a law that ensured any child born without magic would be killed because chances of survival for such a child were limited. Many expectant women ran away from the village in fear of their children being murdered. I Continue reading...

- The organization chart of Robin Hood and The Merrymen would include; Robin Hood at the CEO, as he is supreme and makes all major decisions. Like any CEO all the other leaders in the organization report to him. Will Scarlet, is Chief Information Officer, as he collects all the information necessary for running the information. That information includes information about competitors like sheriff and also supply-chain. Little John can be considered as Head of Operations, as he kept all the men prepared for action and organizational machinery well oiled. Scarlock would be their Chief Financial Officer, as he Continue reading...

1. Observation and background information
One of the major agents of global environmental change is deforestation. Deforestation is a consequence of land use change which is often affected by both biophysical and socioeconomic factors. Human decisions heavily influence land use in response to global markets.
Geist and Lambin (143) noted that tropical forests are disappearing because of pressures coming from both local and regional scale having synergistic effects in different parts of the world. Human activities such as agricultural expansion, human population dynamics and agricultural policies have direct and indirect impact on forest cover change. Deforestation in the tropics Continue reading...

Distinguishing Two Forest Communities in North Jersey by Tree Density, Species, Dominance, Importance, Diversity and Richness

Abstract
This is a study undertaken to compare and contrast richness, dominance and importance of sixteen tree species between two tree communities. The sixteen tree species have been listed in the appendix at the end of this paper. This study is a continuation of what was done earlier by ecology students in their previous year of study. The methods applied are absolutely the same, in order to make collected data comparable with each other. The three specific factors studies are relative dominance, relative density, and relative importance of the species occurring in these two forest areas.

Introduction

There are many Continue reading...

Terrestrial Ecosystems Dynamic

Ecological systems are dynamic by nature and constantly feel the influence of climate variability. Since the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems are controlled by climatic factors through metabolic function, it may change in the future dynamics of forest restoration, growth, progress and growth of tree mortality, as well as the relationship of rocks. It is expected that climate change will be faster than the rate at which ecosystems can adapt and repair itself.
Ecosystems of the North must first of all respond to possible global warming because of climate-driven ecosystem response reveals itself most clearly. At high latitudes, Continue reading...

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (RTR) is situated at the junction of two very old mountain ranges, the Aravallis and the Vindhyas. Ranthambhore comprises of distinct areas with great conservation values. Prior to formation of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, these reserves were managed as hunting reserves. In 1955, a part of the forest was declared as Sawai Madhopur Wildlife Sanctuary (as a game reserve). In 1973, this area was notified as Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, being one of the first nine Project Tiger reserves in India. The Reserve comprises of Ranthambhore National Park along with Sawai Mansingh Sanctuary and Keladevi Wildlife Sanctuary. Ranthambhore Continue reading...

Abstract

This report is supposed to address the relationship between the characteristics of Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) and its associated invertebrate community. For the purposes of this report, students will be introduced to data collection methods as well as identification and enumeration of soil invertebrates related to coarse woody debris. Coarse woody debris can be said to be the dead woody particles found mainly above the soil surface. These dead woody materials are always in different stages of decomposition depending on when the dead material started decomposing.
For the purposes of this report, only dead wood above 8 cm diameter Continue reading...

Assignment 4: Mid-Term Exam

Question 1
- Permafrost
Permafrost is a thick sub-layer of ground comprising of soil, rocks, ice, or organic materials, which remains frozen for at least two sequential years. It forms the sub-surface soil layer of Polar Regions such as the arctic region.
- Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Hardwood Forest Ecotone
An ecotone describes an area of transition that occurs between biomes. An example of such an area occurs in northern Ontario between the Great Lakes- St. Lawrence and the boreal forests (Liu). The Boreal forest changed into the St. Lawrence wood nearly 7,400 years ago (Liu) when hemlock, white Continue reading...

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR), the ecosystem under study, is situated in the foothills of the Himalayas i.e. the Shiwalik range and falls within Nainital and Pauri Garhwal districts of the state of Uttarakhand. Corbett National Park (CNP), 520.82 km2, and 301.18 km2 of adjoining Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary along with 466.32 sq.km of buffer zone together forms 1288.32 km2 of the tiger reserve (Barthari 12). CTR lies between 290 25’ N to 290 40’ N latitudes and 78 05’E to 790 5’E longitudes (see Fig. 1).
Figure 1: Location map of Corbett Tiger Reserve.

CLIMATE

The climate of the Continue reading...

Introduction

Currently the distribution of tigers extends from the Pacific coast of Russia to West and Southern India, continuing East into the Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra. They inhabit a wide range of habitats from impenetrable tropical forest of Sumatra to the semi-arid tracts of Western India and the human dominated agricultural landscapes of the Gangetic Plains of India. The tiger (any sub-species) is always the top carnivore and the apex predator of any ecosystem wherever it is present. Being on top the food chain, they regulate the population of other predators, prey species (herbivores) and in turn the plant population Continue reading...

Urban Forestry in the City Of Toronto

Urban forestry in the city of Toronto entails all trees of different species that have been grown within the boundaries of the city. The vegetation or trees that comprise the Toronto urban forestry are beneficial in many ways that encompass economic, cultural, social and ecological benefits. Moreover, the trees are useful in regulating air pollution and saving energy (because of moderating home and building air temperatures). The aforementioned value alone is pertinent to the city because it helps the government to save about $28million every year, which can potentially support other sectors of the economy and lead to the Continue reading...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Sustainable forests are managed effectively in order to preserve the ecosystems and the forest. The ecological systems that are reliant on the forest are the streams, watershed and the species that inhabit within the environment. The forest is a working environment that can be harvested for the production for paper and pulp products. The sustainable forest management is an outcome of applying the forest to the benefit of all while conserving the ecological systems that are reliant of the forest. Healthy streams are reliant on the forest for their coverage. The forests also enable the lowing of the temperature Continue reading...

Impacts of Deforestation on Biodiversity

Forests serve as the bank of oxygen. They make life possible on the planet Earth. Every living or non-living thing is either directly or indirectly influenced by forests. Besides oxygen, they support sustainable habitat for people, wild life, and other creatures of the world. Forests offer a substantial environment for endangered and vanishing animal species. They also deliver life supporting benefits that to 1.6 billion population of the world. More than thirty percent of or planet is covered by forests. But, unfortunately, forests are being cleared off at massive scales from around the world in the form of deforestation. Continue reading...

The area chosen for analysis of the acid rain effect is New Hampshire. Fig. 1 shows the effect of acid rain in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. In the area, researchers discovered acid rain by analyzing rainfall and runoff in brooks (Fig. 1) (Evans-Brown, 2014).
Acidity change in water bodies induces dissolving aluminum from soils and rocks and affects fish population since aluminum is toxic. It also stimulates leaching of nutrients from soil, and slows growth of the crops and trees.
The pH of the brook fluctuates within 4.9-5.1 for the last 20 years (Campbell et al., 2007). Apparently, there Continue reading...

Introduction

A general rise in incidences of climate change has got the world scheming and planning for various remedies. The world has become so much aware of its surrounding after the realization that future generations will still depend on the very earth they are using. Management practices and mitigation efforts have been headlined and put into various government policies to ensure that sustainability is attained.
Various intergovernmental and regional meetings have made it a habit to discuss and incorporate climatic issues into their various agendas. In as much as all this noble activities and efforts are aimed at ensuring a Continue reading...

English Ivy as invasive species

English ivy, scientifically known as Hedera Helix is a vines plant that is most used for landscaping in USA. The plant was presumably initially brought into the United States by early European pilgrims for decorative purposes (Restoration). It keeps on being a prevalent ground cover and vine due to its quick development, evergreen leaves, pest-free and fresh healthy nature.
The plant grows in Europe, northern Africa and Western Asia. It has today been established in East, South and West coast of the United States of America. The plant grows heavily in woodlands, forest ends open fields and coastal areas. Continue reading...

1. Why do the Oankali want the humans to become self-sustaining?
They want it so that the humans can provide everything for themselves. After the nuclear war they don't have faith in humanity. The Oankali want to mix with them in order to secure the best outcome for both species.
2. Why does Lilith admire Curt and Gabriel?

She admires them for staying true to themselves.

3. Why did the Oankali choose to create the environment that is a replica of a tropical forest on an island?

They did it because a forest is a place where people can find food and shelter if they are resourceful.

4. Why does Lilith doubt that they are on a space ship and wonders whether they are on Earth?
Lilith Continue reading...

A Sustainability Assessment of Deforestation in North America: Aiming for Sustainable Economic, Social and Ecological Forest Use

Abstract
The sustainability assessment of deforestation North America evaluated the most viable alternative geared towards the achievement of sustainable forest use and preservation. A decision-making criterion was developed to measure the feasibility of these alternatives of prohibiting forest use, reforestation and agro-forestry. The criteria consisted of three benchmarks: social equity, economic viability and ecological soundness. The evaluation process was seven-fold and recommended agro-forestry as the most feasible approach to achieving its objectives.

Introduction

This report highlights the findings of a sustainability assessment of the current rate of deforestation in North America. Chakravarty et al. defines deforestation as the modification of Continue reading...

Reflection on the Reading Forest development the Indian way by Richard Reed

When human beings feel the urge to expand their resources to satisfy their needs and demands, they go an extra mile and destroy natural habitats. Humans have to find new horizons in search of these resources and this has turned out to be costly because there is so much that is lost in the process. It is in this context that one can place a story told by Richard Reed. In Forest Development the Indian Way. Guarani stood as a tribe that knew and understood their ecosystems so well that they engaged in activities that sustained it, until the Continue reading...

- What three wishes would you make upon meeting a magic fish? Would the wishes be for yourself, for someone else you know, or for others in the world around them. Now make three new wishes, one in each of these categories (you, someone else, the world). Discuss your reasoning behind each of your choices.
For myself, I would wish that I have everything needed to be happy. If I wish for, say, a million dollars, I may find out later that I don’t need that much money or that having so much money brings too many problems. Continue reading...

Anthropology is the science that circles around the study of humans, from their past and present practices steering from their social way of life and consideration on the biological proofs that can be obtained. According to Golding (1954), it is evident that the young boys who came out from the forest had their own leader named Jack. The young boys then met the other two characters, Ralph and Piggy, who had to choose another chief, whereby, Ralph emerges to be their favorite. The mentioned concept means that they made a chain of command by electing a leader just like Continue reading...

Phrase

"But his soul was mad. Being alone in the wilderness, it had looked within itself and, by heavens I tell you, it had gone mad." (Conrad 66). This is a comment that Marlow made on his reflection about Kurtz after meeting him alone in the wilderness and the dark. It follows two months journey that they were to undergo in order to reach the Kurtz’s station. While in the station at midnight, Marlow is awakened by beating of drums and chanting that were coming from Kurtz’s followers in the forest. He suddenly realizes that Kurtz was not Continue reading...

During the medieval periods, the code of Chivalry was in effect a moral system that defined qualities that were to be idealized by the knights. In essence, this moral system was more like an honor code of the knights; it technically exemplified their royal and exceptional stance in the society. Considering that chivalry required knights to behave in a way that epitomized good morals, I am of the opinion that; chivalry lack place in the contemporary society. Throughout the essay, arguments in favor of the notion above will be presented.
In Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory, Chivalry Continue reading...

The online resources websites to be analyzed include Paula Scher Designs Templates from HP, WordPress, Design Templates: Graphic River and Theme Forest and SquareSpace and SquareSpace templates.

What do they have in common?

Paula Scher Designs Templates from HP, WordPress, Design Templates: Graphic River and Theme Forest, and SquareSpace and SquareSpace templates appear bold, modern, elegant and friendly. They have five themes of templates, which consist of the letterhead, business cards and envelopes that help the users to have a complete graphic. The websites are friendly and modern are designed with an intension to be valuable in the modern world, and that could be downloaded. Continue reading...

All the three major categories of organisms viz. Producers, consumers and decomposers are abundantly present in a tropical forest ecosystem. Primary producers are the autotrophs that can capture the light energy and manufacture their own food. The major producer plants in a tropical forest are ferns, bananas, vines, epiphytes and grasses. Consumers are the heterotrophs that cannot synthesize their own food and are dependent on other organisms. They are further classified into primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. The primary consumers include herbivore animals, birds and insects including macay, parrot, sloth, bats, etc. These organisms directly feed on green plants ( Continue reading...

The Economist. Human Evolution: Darwin’s Children. Print edition Science and technology. 2007. Edited print
The Economist discusses Human Evolution and how it has speeded up over the past 80,000 years. It indicates how this raises awkward question about the concept of “race. Argued from the article, more bad science research has been done on the concept of human race compared to any other field in biology. This bad concept, according to The Economist, is generated from preconceived ideas that there are individuals who are better than others. The concepts are not interested in research and investigation of Continue reading...

- What features of the landscape are significant to the placement of the trail?
There are a lot of features of the Wallace Falls’ landscape. Majority of which are just so magnificent to be treated natural. The trails basically function to connect the different landscape and other geographical features of the Wallace Falls State Park. Some of the best features and landscapes that the trails connect—which necessarily makes it significant include the three greatest falls in Wallace River, the coniferous forests that surround the state park’s land areas, and the rivers, streams, and lakes that intensify the beauty Continue reading...

Introduction

In order to manage and supervise the operations of the entire company effectively, XYZ Company must consolidate the network infrastructure of the two long-distance sites, and build up one effective and secure network. Each site has its own server-controlled network operating on the Microsoft Windows Server technology. The Dallas site runs MS Windows 2012 Server, while the second site runs MS Windows 2008 Server. The fact that both sites are based on Microsoft Windows Server already gives XYZ Company a major advantage because the consolidation will mainly involve configurations based on the same network operating system.
There may be Continue reading...

Tropical Deforestation

The tropical forests are an ecosystem located in the inter-tropical zone, between 23°S and 23°N. The tropical forests contain the most important biodiversity in plants and animal species. The tropical forests are very important to the planet as a source of oxygen for the planet.
The deforestation is a phenomenon that exists since the human is on earth. From eighteen century the deforestation in all the regions of the world and especially in the tropical forest increases its rate due too many factors as: agriculture, wood, mineral extraction and cities expansion. The deforestation is conducted both by Continue reading...

Explain the Method of Search that you use? During the study, it was paramount to give both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the topic for a clear expression of the research question. In addition, the main methodology applied is analysis of secondary resources, specifically the forest cover reports of different countries. In this regard, is was supreme to review the statistical data of the national geographic that showed the trend of forest cover of the world for the last two decade (Williams, 2008). Additionally, the world map showing the forest cover provided by the same organization was also a Continue reading...

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After his nocturnal adventure in the forest, Goodman Brown started to view society as divided into good and bad. He realizes that each and every human being faces and experiences temptations and has an inclination to jump to conclusions about others with no adequate proof. It can be said that his adventure made Goodman Brown see both the darker and brighter sides of life. The mentioned experience makes him understand that an individual’s morality is impacted in a particular way by beauty and ugliness and the same is applicable for the society. Nathaniel Hawthorne has Continue reading...

- (6 pt.) Describe the effects harvest, disturbance, and nutrient enrichment by humans have had on other wild populations. Be sure to explain how these activities act as selective agents and what the most-fit phenotype will be under these circumstances.
Human activities have emerged to be the most precarious and dreadful to the wild population. Notably, human interfere with biodiversity and wild population in a number of ways. Overharvesting includes activities such as target haunting, gathering or fishing for a particular species. Overharvesting has been associated with extinction of some species of organisms. For example, advancement in technology after the Continue reading...

Being a concerned individual to our Mother Earth, one thing that I found to be the most interesting topic is about deforestation. Deforestation is one of the major impacts on the water cycle in local and global climates change. The long-term or permanent loss of forest covers when trees are removed to clear land for another use. The removal of trees in an area affects the weather in another area; if trees are cut down, less water evaporates in the atmosphere and less rain, as well. The functions of the trees are to absorb carbon emissions and greenhouse gases. Continue reading...