Essays on Natural Selection

Plantinga’s discussion considers science as a quasi-religion and justifies his assertion by observing that the former performs the cognitive function of the latter. In this regard, he argues that an individual’s beliefs regarding the world cannot be explained through natural selection unless such views affect their behavior. Plantinga advances three premises against science, one of which is that humans are incapable of making reliable beliefs. He also claims that natural selection has no ability to form true beliefs because it favors superior behaviors. Accordingly, he suggests that natural selection does not favor true non-adaptive beliefs over the ...

Summary

At high altitude human face a unique stress of hypobaric hypoxia due to reduced fall in barometric pressure and the extent of oxygen molecules, therefore, studying humans at high altitude facilitates the understanding of adaptation capabilities of human against evolution as well as environment. The following essay summarizes an article authored by Beall that studied the arterial-oxygen-content phenotypes of three high-altitude inhabitant populations residing on Tibetan, Andean, and Ethiopian plateaus. The article is based on the problem that how people possess diverse adaptation potential on different heights where the oxygen level is very low in comparison of normal sea ...

Quantum physics is the branch of physics associated with quantum theory. Albert Einstein discovered the theory. It explains the nature of matter and its behavior on both subatomic and atomic level. This discovery contributed to the revolution that took place in the 20th century. It promoted optimism among people in Europe, which assisted in the progressing of industrialization. It transformed the way of life, mostly in cities. The discovery contributed to the ethos of achievement. Although it transformed the traditional way of life, the change was better as the revolution brought new avenues for people and ideas. Darwin’s ...

Human beings are unique in their quest to understand the origin of life, and the urge rationalize nature and the world that surrounds them. We have developed various disciplines to better understand the natural world around us (Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology) and ourselves (Psychology, Physiology etc.). Anthropology is a discipline that tries to understand what it means to be human by looking at biological, evolutionary, cultural, and linguistic aspects. The word “Anthropology” is derived from Greek “Anthropos” meaning human and “Logos” meaning word(Lewis, Jurmain, & Kilgore, 2012). There are four major subfields of anthropology viz., biological, archeological, linguistic and ...

The purpose of this paper is to review the article, “Was Darwin Wrong?”, by David Quammen (2004) and to offer some discussion at the end of the paper. The main thrust of the Quammen’s article is to provide a description of the current and past evidence that supports Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection. With a few exceptions, the title of the article is answered with a firm “no, Darwin was right.” Quammen first began with a discussion of the concept of theory and explained that a theory is an explanation for a set of circumstances ...

6 Responses

1: What are 3 factors that help microbes spread? (3 bonanza for microbes)

Response: The three factors or bonanzas, as the author describes that has been responsible for the increase in the spread of bacteria are: the rise of farming and cities as well as the development of world trade routes (Diamond 205).

Response: In the four stages of evolution between a specialized human disease from an animal precursor, the first are the diseases that we pick up from pets and domesticated animals but also those in the wild. Scratch-fever from cats, brucellosis from cattle and tularemia from rabbits are examples of the diseases we get in this stage (Diamond ...

As it is known, survival in adverse conditions that threaten the life of a living being rarely depends on only the strength or intelligence of this creature. When it comes to survival, the ability to protect oneself from danger and adaptation to the conditions that are dangerous for the lives and well-being of an organism play a very important role. In The Origin of Species, Darwin said that in nature those individuals survive who “are best fitted for their places in nature” (Darwin, 1861, p. 93). So, the initial stage of natural selection is the development of some traits ...

Respondent 1

People behave the way they do because of personality that is determined by genes that are inherited from the parents. Besides the inherited characteristics, the environment has a significant role in the shaping of an individual's behavior. For instance, the behavior of a child is determined by his upbringing before age five. Also, peer pressure has a role in shaping the behavior of an individual. It is important to note that some of the traits either inherited or from the environment can be reinforced positively or negatively so as to develop the personality of the child.

Respondent 2

People look the ...

The natural selection theory is also referred to as the Darwinian Theory and is found in his book the Origin of Species which was published for the first time in 1859 . The Darwinian Theory has always been considered controversial due to the lack of background material to offer inheritance. Darwin makes the theory based on his personal observations of the fauna and the flora. Darwin’s ideas tend to focus on the end product and not on the process that leads to the existence of the end product. The theory was first introduced by Darwin in the 1850’s ...

Different cultures have developed different mythologies and creation stories that try to explain the origin of humans. Similarly, scientists have established the processes of evolution that provide an explanation of the same. However, evolution is different from the mythologies and creation stories in which it is based on the scientific language. Another difference between the creation stories and evolution is that evolution is grounded in the ideas that can be tested. According to Chapter 2, Evolution can be termed as the scientific way to depict how the species appear and change over time. To provide a clear understanding of ...

1. DNA in forensic science: DNA contains the genetic code of a person. The genetic information stored in the DNA, is coded in the form of nucleotide sequence. The nucleotide sequence is formed by four fundamental nucleotides: A, T, G, C nucleotide, that formed a polymer in a set order. A typical human DNA, has 3 billion nucleotide bases. The DNA sequence is 99.8% identical in all human beings and is only 0.2% dissimilar. This dissimilarity is the basis for identification of the suspects in forensic medicine. No two human beings can have a DNA that is 100% identical. ...

Evolution is the scientific way of explaining how species come into existence and how they change over time. Evolution is also a mythology which explains the origin of human beings. Most of the evidence for evolution, which come as a result of historical and cultural processes contributes to scientific thought, hence making the scientists accept evolution as a fact. The process of evolution has many areas of discussion, for example, the four forces of evolution, the concepts of species and population, variation, isolation mechanisms, and speciation. This paper explains the concepts one by one in details. There were different ...

Evolution is the process by which organisms undergo various changes over time. The change occurs in the physical and behavioral aspects of the organism. There are fundamental processes or concepts in the process of evolution. This paper discusses these concepts in details.

Species, Population and Variation

Species refers to a group of individuals, which naturally interbreed to give rise to offspring. Organisms, which belong to the same species, are referred to as a population. Members of a particular population can have different biological compositions or genetics. This mechanism is referred to as variation and is mostly caused by genetic drift.

The Four Forces of Evolution

The evolution process ...

Introduction

Charles Robert Darwin was a naturalist born on 12th February 1809 at a place called Shrewsbury in England. However, he died on 19th April 1882 in London. In his lifetime, one of his greatest achievements is about the evolutionary theory of living organisms (Bowler). He was able to achieve this success through the voyage he embarked in 1831. He traveled for five years all over the world with the HMS Beagle. Through his traveling, he was able to study different specimen and thus his evolution theory was developed. This fact caused him to write the book titled as On ...

The Response of the Victorian Churches to Charles Darwin’s Doubt

Pitch Contrary to the perception of the Victorian Era as one of the highlight of English Christianity and even morality among societies, the situation was not so behind closed doors. The people were beginning to question the Biblical inspirations and teachings based on Christian doctrines that had otherwise defined their existence and faith for centuries. Accordingly, the sources of doubt were twofold: there was a rapid development of biblical criticism, and the scientific discoveries were challenging cultural norms. Perhaps there was no original sin. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution presented an alternative for the European societies of the ...

Introduction

Even though the concept of evolution is a typical narrative, it remains one of the most highly contentious of the topics. Major disagreements persist in the field, particularly when the evolutionary origin and physical modification of primates are the subject matter of discussion. Because of these differences, lots of significant finds in the field have attracted considerable amounts of opposition from experts depending on the species, or the side angle of evolution one recognizes (Ravosa and Dagosto). Disputes often center around locomotion and posture – whether a particular species was fully upright or could walk bipedally, brain size (intelligence), sexuality ...

Nursing:

Purpose The aim of the lab was to investigate what happens when a natural physical barrier suddenly splits a species within a given population.

Introduction

A species is a group of organisms within a population that can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile and viable offspring (The University of Miami, n.d.). In this context, a species exhibits reproductive isolation, in which physical and behavioral traits allow them to reproduce only with organisms that possess similar traits (Howard & Berlocher, 1998). Speciation describes how new sets of species are created and occurs when a group of organisms within a species separates ...

The aging process occurs during a person’s lifespan. Nobody can escape this process and it happens to everyone. Aging is associated with maturation, growth, and discovery (Cohen et al., 2015). Many abilities of human beings peak before the age of 30, but there are other abilities that continue to grow and develop throughout the life of a person. Most people who are over the age of 65 are healthy, fully independent, and happy while others start experiencing signs of deterioration. These changes are normal and not harmful. The hair thins and start turning gray and skins thins and ...

Abstract

A lot of demerits are associated with sexual selection in certain animals. Top of the list is the fact that this process has led to the development of certain characteristics which are costly to the carrier even to the point of increased chances of death by predation. This review however weighs the advantages derived from this process of sexual selection against this major argument and tries to point out that the benefits (individual and population benefits) derived from the development of these structures compensates for the cost incurred by its presence.

Introduction

Sexual selection is a special kind of natural ...

Summary of the article

Background and perspective Weaning refers to the gradual replacement of breastfeeding with other foods as well as different methods of nurturing. The weaning process is said to begin the minute the baby takes food from a source other than breast milk. This can be in the form of mashed bananas or formula from a bottle. From a medical point of view, it is important for babies to receive breast milk. It is recommended that for ideal and adequate nutrition, a child needs to be exclusively breastfed for the first six months. Medics also insist that nursing of a baby ...

After the American Civil War of between 1861 and 1865, the United States witnessed a rapid transformation in its societies as the people shifted from an agrarian-based economy to industrialization. The development of better transport and communication infrastructures across the States paved the way for the fast and profitable transition that made up the Second Industrial Revolution during the Gilded Age. The federal government supported the developing industries by imposing high tariffs to protect the interests of industrialists from foreign competitors. Subsequently, the high taxes on imports and exports guaranteed that the local markets were favorable for both the ...

In fact, there are considerable differences in physical activity, emotions, interests, perception between men and women. Numerous scientists have explored and discussed if these differences are conditioned by social factors or biology. To make it clear, some think that it is biology that defines human behavior, tastes, skills etc.; others adhere to the opinion that society is a more influential impact on formation of behavior. In other words, socially created features of men and women are called "gender", "sex" is determined by biology. Unfortunately, nowadays it is possible to see numerous mistakes and discrepancies concerning the use of both ...

Chapter 9

Question 1

Binary mission in prokaryotes Mitosis and Meiosis in eukaryotes Question 2 The development of embryos as well as the growth and development of bodies. Important in asexual reproduction. Question 3 The term cell cycle refers to an ordered set of events leading to cell growth and division into two daughter cells.

Question 4

Interphase is a phase of the cell cycle characterized by the absence of cell division. During this phase, the cell obtain nutrients, the organelles duplicates, protein synthesis takes place, and cells duplicate its genetic material (its chromatids). The genetic material is located in the nuclei of ...

Question 1

In mitosis, the number of chromosomes before and after cell division do not change. Mitosis results in daughter cells are having a diploid number of chromosomes as the parent cells.

Question 2

Mitosis is divided into four phases: Prophase- in this phase, the chromosomal material (chromatin) condenses forming compact chromosomes which are seen as two chromatids joined together at the centromere. The mitotic spindle also starts to assemble with the help microtubules Metaphase- In this phase, the spindle fibres become attached to the kinetochores of chromosomes. Chromosomes move to the equator and are aligned along the metaphase plate via spindle fibres ...

The effectiveness of active learning in sciences has been a topic of discussion for quite long. Consequently, research works have been conducted in a bid to validate the effectiveness of active learning and what it merits against the traditional methods of teaching. In an effort to examine the importance and the impact of active learning on teaching, the article explores research methodologies aimed at creating and drawing tentative premises that will bring a clear summary to the contentious discussion (Ding, 2015). Students are considered to show varied understanding during teaching regardless of the method of teaching thus making it ...

THE SOCIAL DARWINISTS

Argument: Social Darwinism promoted trends of economic inequality, hierarchical societies, and the political favoritism witnessed in the United States during the Gilded Age.

BACKGROUND: The Second Industrial Revolution

Industrial based economy: While factory production expanded rapidly, mining efforts and the construction of the railroad throughout the United States transitioned the country to an era of manufacturing and trade.

High tariffs protected industries from foreign competition.

The removal of Indians in the West availed land for construction of the railway and industries. The industry-induced social problem: Hard work no longer guaranteed wealth; on the contrary, only those with business skills and money could generate more income while the rest of the people ...

Introduction

Evolutionary psychology (EP) is a theoretical approach in natural and social sciences which examines the psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective. This topic deals with natural selection in human evolution or sexual selection. In psychology, this is one of the most important topics where people are trying to understand how evolution might have impacted the people into doing certain or having a certain behavior. Adapting to the environment is an important aspect of survival in this world. By understanding evolutionary psychology, such elements of adaptation such as identifying and preferring healthier mates can be studied and identify how ...

Education

When it comes to natural selection, it is called the regular, hypothesized procedure through which biological behaviors comparatively emerge in a populace. Natural selection appears a central device of evolution and it received notice through Charles Darwin, who focused it to be contrasted with artificial selection. It appears an exclusive keystone of contemporary biology. The introduction of natural selection was made by Darwin in his appealing text in the year 1859. The text was written on the basis of species, where an illustration of natural selection was made like similar to simulated selection. This is the procedure through which ...

In 1809, Charles Darwin was born to Mr. Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood in Shrewsbury England and was their second son but the fifth child. Among the family members and relatives of the Darwin household, religious convictions and the value of proper education were evident. For instance, despite the religious skepticism of some relations, the mother embraced the Unitarian religion that promoted individual experience as the determinant factor in religious beliefs, and his sister Caroline embraced traditional Christianity (Pleins 1). Meanwhile, his father was a physician and at times, Charles Darwin would accompany his father on his medical ...

Chapter 1 What Is Evolution?

In Coyne’s Why Evolution Is True (2009), the debate between the theories of creationism and evolution is introduced. The two theories take vastly different approaches to explain how and why the world is full of the many variations of plants, animals, insects, reptiles, and human beings. The theory of creationism explains these things by intelligent design. This is where divine intervention takes place and an almighty, omnipotent god creates all beings, all of a sudden, with all of the variations needed to survive in the environment that they currently live. There is no macroevolution, only slight adaptations of ...

Intelligence design and Darwinian Theory of evolution

Intelligent designs

Intelligence design is a scientific research program that constitutes professionals ranging from scientists, philosophers and the community of believers that are trying to seek the evidence-based design work. This design says that matters of existence and world origins are best explained by an intellectual undertaking and not a story that has no direction like the Darwinian Theory of natural selection (DeWolf et al., 2007).When one studies the components of a given measure, one can outline the issues of law, chances in life and conditions found in intelligence design. It is only through intelligence that scientists can ...

Abstract

The population of any species should be preserved using any means necessary. There are genetic preservation and natural preservation. The genetic preservation strategy takes a shorter time than the natural strategy. A hypothesis was developed to establish the possible breeding options that were available. Also, lab tests were conducted on the same breeding topic. The kind of breeding strategy that was used is crucial to the development and sustenance of the population. There exists planned breeding strategy and planned breeding strategy. However, the random breeding strategy is prone to inbreeding. This refers to the breeding of species that are ...

Directions:

- Save your report often as you fill it out, so as not to lose information. - Use the report form as a single document, do not turn in separate reports for each lab - Use the ‘Save As’ option to save your file as a Word 97 .doc file - Save your lab report with this name: Last name, First initial, underscore V1. Thus Charles Darwin would save his Unit 1 Virtual Lab Report as DarwinC_V1. - Submit this report as a single ...

Is Evolution True?

Is Evolution True? Development can be defined as the fundamental process whereby species that are new develop from earlier species through accumulated changes. Sometimes an evolution is described as "descent with modification". As this process of speciation continues to take place, many species start to appear thus becoming increasingly different, and this continues over time and becomes a pattern. Through many observations of the changes in life forms over time, these models have been developed. Charles Darwin explains that the mechanism on hoe evolution occurs is by natural selection. Having constantly been observed, natural selection role in being the ...

Natural selection can be referred to as a process through which biological traits turn either more or less common within a population as a function of the impact of hereditary traits on the differential reproductive victory of organisms’ interaction with their surroundings. It is a major evolution mechanism. Charles Darwin popularized the term natural selection with an intention to have it compared with artificial selection, now referred to as selective breeding.

There exists variation within every organism’s populations. This takes place partly since random mutations happen in the genome of an organism, and these mutations can be acquired by offspring. All ...

Questions

The Lunar Society of Birmingham was an informal society of industrialists and philosophers that met on full moon nights because the moonlight made traveling easier. Members included Matthew Boulton, Erasmus Darwin, Joseph Priestley, James Watt, and Josiah Wedgwood. Erasmus Darwin was Charles Darwin’s father and the Lunar Society often met at his home. This exposed young Charles Darwin early on in life to creative scientific thinkers that surely influenced his studies in later years. .

What purpose did Linnaeus system of binomial nomenclature (also known as his binary system) serve? Carl Linnaeus has been called “the Father ...

• What is Darwin’s point about domestic breeding (for example, the breeding of pigeons and dogs)?

Breeding was a popular and familiar exercise among the farmers in the 19th century. The farmers who wanted to change the shape of the pick of the pigeon or the color of the sheep will selectively choose the sheep or the pigeon with the certain characteristics to breed. Therefore, the farmer will only breed the sheep (with white wool) and the pigeon (with a long and narrow beak) for certain duration. As a result of selective breeding, the whole flock of sheep or pigeons will have the desired characteristics. This is because the offspring will inherits some of the traits of their ...

The third chapter of the book “The Age of American Unreason” written by Susan Jacoby explains the preconditions and consequences of the appearance of social Darwinian theory in the end of 19th century. The recent developments such as the end of Civil War affected the rearrangement of United States of America. It is worth to mention that in general country was rising after years of poverty and depression, it was paid much attention to the level of education and its quality, and the industries were developing very fast. As a result, America got their first millionaires who were skillfully ...

Genetics has progressed over the recent years. Very sophisticated methods of studying genes and researching how species have evolved from one cell into complex animals. The purpose of the research by Lee, Lai, Malik, Saldarriaga, Kelling, and Slamovits at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University was to observe and gather more information about The Oxyrrhis marina (O. marina). The species is very good for studying about the development of two taxonomic groups of “protists, dinoflagellates and apicomplexans” (1). The molecular structure is simple, so it is at the ...

Abstract

In this essay, the four main points in which Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection is based on are presented and explained: variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth and differential of survival and reproduction.

After this, and regarding the colleague’s previous answer about the topic, a relation is established between the factors that the colleague stated, being that a population’s distribution, density and abundance are intimately related to the four main points discussed earlier, of variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth and differential of survival and reproduction, helping one another to be able to happen within a certain ...

Evolution has been defined by many scientists, but the most notable one was Charles Darwin who formulated the famous evolutionary theory, and therefore referred to as the father of evolution. However, it is worth noting that even before Darwin, there were other theorists and scientists who had dwelt on the idea and whose thoughts could be integrated with those of Darwin to better understand the evolution. Some of these are discussed below.

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) started on the scientific note. He came up with a microscope with which he could observe some of the smallest creatures, and was the first ...

Animal's Common Name: Chimpanzee

Genus & species: Pan Troglodytes The specific behavior (describe): Chimpanzees exhibit differences in feeding behavior in a single day. The chimpanzees show more consumption of the leaves from Pterygota mildbraedii and Celtis Africana in the afternoon compared to the morning (Carlson, Rothman and Mitani 344). This is categorized as diurnal variation in feeding behavior. Is this behavior shown only in certain behavioral contexts, such as in communication, getting food, competition, social behavior, attracting mates, mating behavior, parental behavior, or some other area of activity? This behavior occurs only in a specific context namely the foraging (getting food) ...

The Scientific Method is a way that Natural Scientists determine, test and prove their hypothesis. It is an organized way to prove or disprove a theory ("Scientific method," 2014). In the context of evolution, the question to ask is: is evolution true? The next step is to do some preliminary research in order to put the question in the form of a hypothesis. To do this, the background research aims to determine if there is any empirical evidence that may support the question. The other area to explore is to question what else may have contributed to the end result, if ...

Is evolution Phycology really value free?

While most people may be familiar with the evolution of species, few individuals may not know the new branch of physiology, which is known as evolutionary physiology (EP). Evolutionary biology deals with adaptation of physical parts such as limbs, tail, and organs. On one hand, evolutionary physiology deals with the evolution of human thought, behavior, and language. The subject has been faced by severe critics where people against EP believe that it has no value but entirely relies on social and cultural behaviors of human. The author of this paper champions that, EP, unlike to the biological evolution; rely ...

Theory of Natural Selection Remains Controversial

Many people usually think that evolution has never taken place and thus is something nobody has ever claimed of witnessing it happening right before their eyes. The topic concerning natural selection has resulted too many controversies that stir heated debates on who is right and who is not right. However, it is very advisable for people to consider the evidences produced through a distinctive study of fossils found in the past. Many commentators argue that evolution under such an intense population usually takes place at a very high pace such that only a few people discover the process. Many debates have concentrated ...

There are approximately 10,000 different species of birds worldwide. Bird families have some common characteristics. For example, birds are vertebrates, endothermic (warm blooded) in nature, have wings, have feathers, have a four chambered heart, have two legs, and lay eggs. They practically live anywhere and everywhere on the planet and not all of them can fly. Normally, birds are most likely to be found in warm, humid tropics, rainforests and as well as the frigid waters. Their migrations can be attributed to the seasonal availability of food and water. The ones which have a tendency to migrate from one place ...

The natural selection is regarded as the principle central to the theory of evolution. It can be defined as the process in which the species adapt to the environment in order to survive. In addition, natural selection leads to evolution when certain species with greater survival probability reproduce and pass on their genetic characteristics to the next generation of species. This grand theory of evolution is simple yet greatly misunderstood. In order to get a bigger picture of what theory is all about, imagine specie of beetles that comes in red and brown. Both of the beetle variety exists in ...

Exam #1 (50 points)

1a ) Natural selection is the process by which adaptive traits of species increases through generations. In Cadotte’s research, he had several combinations of the 17 kinds of plots and he found out that those which had the most variation, survived the most. These were the plants with the most distance from each other. The adaptive traits of these plants were inherited by its offspring. Since the plants with traits that survived the most produced more offspring then these were the ones that flourished the most. The reason, Codette explained was that these plants had different needs therefore they ...

OBSERVATIONS

Since I entered into a formal institution, and we happen to study the evolution, I have always been left amazed and wondered on how living beings came to be. Because it was in my primary level, I always thought of it as just a mere story. I could hear that people were once using their four limbs for movement like the monkeys. I could also read that we evolved from the primate family which consists the likes of the chimpanzees, monkeys, baboons, and we later came to become what we are today. My grandparents could tell me stories of how the ...

The Earth is home to an innumerable amount of plant and animal species, with any estimate ranging from 2 to 50 million being as good a guess as any. 950,000 kinds exist within the insect class alone, while annual naturalistic publications are often able to showcase up to 10,000 newly discovered species. This incredible genetic diversity is preserved by unique natural phenomena known as isolation mechanisms to prevent accidental matchups between different species. But how did so many different types of plants and animals develop in the first place? What was the driving force behind our planet’s ...

[Class Title]

I’m an Australopithecus Afarensis. Our species belong to the family of hominids and lived approximately three million years ago . Accordingly, we are the most resilient hominid species and also the most popular owing to the discovery Lucy and the First Family, which were both found in Ethiopia. Evolutionists believe that we are the earliest ancestors of the human species while others are just undecided because of the many differences that our species possess as compared to the modern humans. At a glance, one would mistake us from the common chimps yet we have peculiarities that are quite ...

Introduction

Evolution is the change animals and species undergo over time to adapt to certain environmental changes and eventually produce multiple descendent species. Evolution and natural selection are often taken as complimentary to each other. However, evolution, by definition, is a historical process of change, while natural selection is merely a mechanism that results in this change. Advances in technology and biology has thrown light on several causes and consequences of evolution. Some of the deepest understandings of evolution come from understanding fossils and examining phylogeny and from the study of natural selection. Evidences suggest that when natural selection is strong, the rate ...

It is a shame that books like Jerry A. Conye’s best-selling book Why Evolution is True (2009) is necessary for the twenty-first century. After all, Charles Darwin wrote his groundbreaking work On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was published in 1859. Since its publication many other scientific discoveries have been made to support Darwin’s dangerous idea. Evolution should not be a controversial issue and sadly it remains so even in the most educated countries of the world. Part of the controversy could be because many people who oppose evolution have no idea what evolution is. ...

Syntax is the study of principles and rules for sentences’ construction in natural languages. Syntax also studies the patterns of sentences and phrases’ forming. It exists in human communication only. Many scientists study this phenomenon and are trying to understand why it is not a characteristic feature of other living beings. Researches worked out several theories to explain the evolution of humans’ syntactic language. Regarding the human’s anatomy that contributed to syntactic language development, Joshua B. Plotkin and Martin A. Nowak state in their article that “everyone knows around 50,000 words in his primary language. The words ...

Evolution of Sexual Reproduction

There are different forms of reproduction, which includes vegetative, asexual, sexual reproductions. Naturally, the question arises, what are the benefits of sexual reproduction in terms of fitness of a species, and how does it compare to other forms of reproduction? Logically, females reproducing asexually are more likely to have twice as many grandchildren and can increase their fitness two folds(Hurst and Peck). On the other hand, by reproducing sexually, both sexes have to invest copious amounts of time in selecting mates, making nests, bringing up offspring etc. In this paper we will try to understand the benefits and disadvantages ...

Evolution is a process where all the living beings have to change and adapt themselves to their environment in order to survive. Evolution takes place in many ways and natural selection, is one on them. In natural selection, those living beings who are best adapted to the environment, survive and reproduce more aggressively thereby making similar offspring. The mechanism by which natural selection takes place is fivefold: Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time and Adaptation. In any organism, no two species are exactly same. Many times the change is small, for example, change in the color on wings of birds, eyes ...

Charles Darwin published his masterpiece detailing his theory of evolution by natural selection, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life in 1859. Despite the overwhelming consensus of the scientific community, there are still loud and politically active Creationists that insist that the earth is less than 10,000 years old because the Bible says so. However, the Bible never actually states how old the universe or the earth is. Belief that there is a Creator and in the theory of evolution are compatible for followers of ...

There are a lot of famous and unfamiliar names that can be associated with the field of naturalism. A naturalist is someone who is considered to be an expert in natural history and that his or her expertise is practiced and applied through the course of art or literature (Loudon). One of the most famous naturalists in the world is Charles Darwin, who we know as the father of Evolution. Additionally, some of the famous naturalists are George Culver, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Joy Adamson, Alexander Von Humboldt, Henry David Thoreau, Steve Irwin and Alfred Russell Wallace. This paper will discuss the ...

INTRODUCTION

When most people think of the phrase, “survival of the fittest” they think of the African lion dominating his pride or the biggest and strongest muscle bound warrior that outfights all the others, they are most desired by the opposite sex, and seem to have a natural gift for success. However despite that popular interpretation, these ideals and image have very little to do with the true meaning behind the statement “survival of the fittest.” There is a misinterpretation about Darwin’s phrase, which it means something that it was never intended to infer. Firstly, “fittest” as it is termed does ...

Abstract

Theory of evolution as proposed by Darwin has for long hinged on the fossil records to prove the process of evolution. However, the prevalent gaps in the fossils led way to the development of the punctuated equilibrium theory that was proposed by Eldredge and Gould as an alternative to Darwin’s phyletic gradualism theory. The punctuated equilibrium postulated that speciation occurs in an isolated peripheral subsect of population as a rapid change after a period of stasis. Unlike the anagenetic speciation of phyletic gradualism, punctuated equilibrium promotes the concept of cladogenetic speciation. However, punctuated equilibrium does consider rapid anagenetic speciation as a ...