Essays on Notion

Aristotle’s notion of happiness is quite different from our understanding of happiness. He called happiness an “activity” while the contemporary interpretation of happiness is a placid state of human mind. Thus, happiness now is seen as an emotional state rather than the result of certain action. Greek word eudaimonia can be rendered as “success”. People who are successful according to this notion are not in a particular state, but they live successfully. Aristotle considered happiness as an ongoing state caused by actions, rather than temporary euphoria. He stated that virtuous people can be happy when they exercise their Continue reading...

ARTICLE REVIEW

Article summary
Analysis
Giving your employees some sense of authority could go a long way into helping any type of business grow big and fast. As the author suggests, an employer should set certain parameters within which the employee can have the power to negotiate with the customer. The notion will not only inspire your clerks to be better salespeople, but it will also give them a sense of being treasured and trusted. One would be surprised how such small gestures and strategies would turn the business around. It is, therefore, paramount that managers call on such techniques if Continue reading...

- Introduction
“Change is inevitable” as most researchers and scholars argues. Organizations need to align the respective changes within their operational policy through a set dynamic framework. Failure of the organization to implement a dynamic framework to align or address the respective changes is likely to have marginal implications hence the need for planned organizational change (Gerhardt, 2004). The planned organizational change is termed as the process which moves organizations from a present state to a more desirable future state in relation to enhancing the organizational effectiveness. Through the different frameworks and models, organizations are able to conduct organizational Continue reading...

William Carlos Williams

William Carlos Williams has always been known as an experimenter, an innovator, a revolutionary figure in American poetry. Yet in comparison to artists of his own time who sought a new environment for creativity as expatriates in Europe, Williams lived a remarkably conventional life. A doctor for more than forty years serving the New Jersey town of Rutherford, he relied on his patients, the America around him, and his own ebullient imagination to create a distinctively American verse. Often domestic in focus and "remarkable for its empathy, sympathy, its muscular and emotional identification with its subjects," Williams's poetry is Continue reading...

The concept of power is complex based on the fact that it is mainly associated with entities such as wealth, politics, and authority. The concept behind the notion on power is the impact o influencing the actions or the decisions of others within the society. The indicated approach in relation to the respective effects of power and the influence reflected by the leaders to the followers stipulated the implications that the leaders provide within a given community. Researchers argue that leaders need power towards influencing others within an organization or a country. The notion that they are always on Continue reading...

Alienation

The concept of alienation is a one of the central constructs of Marxian theory. This concept was used for description of a capitalist mode of production when workers lost control over the means of production. In accordance with Knox & Pinch (2010) it is described as “a mechanism of social change” and relates another concept of deviant behavior in wider sociopolitical connotation (p.215). Later alienation was used by the early deterministic theorists because it was of a great interest when studying spatial variations of people behavior (Amin, 2002).
Marx outlined several reasons of alienation. Firstly, alienated person feels like Continue reading...

A critical analysis of the differences between Buddhism and Christianity formulates a litany of ways by which the two religions may be compared. Worship styles, concepts of the afterlife, or understandings of sin represent examples of different elements that may be compared. One point of tension, or perhaps a recurring expression, deals with the different views of time from a Buddhist or Christian perspective. This paper seeks to objectively examine and document this particular tension of time-concept differences, between Buddhism and the Biblical perspective. During the course of the discussion, the words of Jesus shall be used to address Continue reading...

Introduction

The study on economic development can be traced back in the earliest at the end of the Second World War were the respective academics and policy developers are largely debated the essence role of the public policy of some of the developing economies. It is evident based on the economic progress and the percentage of growth that the respective nations on Asia have recorded since that period. East Asia is one of the regions where the respective nations have recorded a one of the world economies and were being able to sustain economic growth and development. Menom, (2004) not Continue reading...

Paul Heyer begins the work on the history of communication from the analysis of his understanding of the Enlightenment as a separate period and of its historical value. He points out that John Locke’s Essay on Human Understanding can be chosen as an indicator to frame the period of Enlightenment. He continues the thought about the Age of Reason claiming that for the first time science and reason focused on the comprehensive examination of elements of human nature, society and history. Such point of view tended to differentiate itself from the theological and abstract metaphysical systems that took Continue reading...

What is the connection between the notion of SOUL and the individual’s sense of SELF-identity?

In order to find a connection between the notion of soul and the individual’s sense of self-identity, it is very important to know their definitions. Soul has been defined in various ways by religion and philosophers. It is claimed that a soul is the essence or immaterial aspect that human beings have that show their individuality and humanity. It is stated that the mind and self are synonymous with the soul (Chalmers). There are others who believe that a soul is immortal, therefore, cannot die. Individual’s sense of self-identity has been the subject of scrutiny by many Continue reading...

Al Jazeera

Introduction
Emerged in 1996 Al Jazeera is located in Qatar meaning (“the peninsula,” or “the island”). The firm emerged after the new Emir of Qatar Shaykh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani bought the Arabic TV division of the Broadcasting Corporation News Service (BBC) (Aljazeera, 2012). Under that period, BBC had been in endless efforts towards developing an all Arabic television station by pursuing an acquisition with a state Saudi owned Orbit Radio and Television Service with no success. This was based on the failure of the two organizations to agree on some of the issues attached to the new Continue reading...

English and Globalization

English language traces its origin from England in Britain. It is the leading international language that has grown roots in many countries especially those countries that were once colonies of the British. Major world functions are today conducted in English which is then translated into other languages such as French, Germany and Arabic. The spread of English can be attributed to several factors. Many writers and sociolinguists attach the spread of English language to the British colonization of most part of the world in which she left her legacy. Globalization of English is a concept derived from economic, social, Continue reading...

Introduction

Autonomy, defined as “self-directing freedom and especially moral independence” (Merriam-Webster, 2013), is a concept that encompasses human rationality. It is a notion that has strong linkages to the idea of freedom, although those definitions have different concepts based on various perspectives. Notwithstanding the variations, autonomy is a feature that characterizes the freethinking nature of humans. With freethinking comes openness to accept any possibilities that could emerge as consequences to particular actions thought autonomously. Continue reading...

The question as to the continuity of personhood is a question that has been addressed to Buddhism since it’s beginning. In Henry Clarke Warren’s Pali translation of select passages of Buddhist Sacred Books, “Buddhism in Translations” there is a scene where a between The Buddha and a wandering ascetic who demands desperately for an answer of the Buddha to his question, “Whether or not the Saints exist after their death?” The Buddha saw this as a dualistic question, and gave him a nonduelist answer which stemmed from the basic phenomenology of Buddhism. The Buddhist answer the question Continue reading...

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Examining Bell Hook’s Contribution to Debates About Gender and Race

Introduction
The dawn of the 20th century paved the way for the second wave of feminist where Bell Hooks or otherwise Gloria Jean Watkins emerged as among the most renowned thinkers that contributed to the debates about gender and race. Among the most notable contributions to gender and race debates are the theories that provided the standpoint for feminists. The myriad of claims encompassing in the debates on gender and race states that knowledge is something that is socially situated in ways that marginal members of the society particularly women can be made aware and Continue reading...

AND JEREMY BENTHAM

Facilitator’s Name
AND JEREMY BENTHAM

Introduction

Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant were the two famous philosophers, who elucidated the criterion for evaluating human actions. Jeremy Bentham introduced the concept of assessing actions through the intensity of happiness it produces to the highest number of people; a notion that is based on utilitarianism. On the contrary, Immanuel Kant expounded the same through Categorical Imperative. Moral rightness of a decision according to Bentham’s Consequentialist Utilitarian theory is defined by the outcomes it produces, while Kant focuses on the moral rightness of the action. This paper will highlight the major similarities Continue reading...

Organizational theories date back to the era when human beings first stated engaging in commercial activities. Despite this fact, these theories are still relevant in the present day economic environment though modern day theorists are working on either advancing them or formulating new ones. These theories are specifically directed at the organizational management because they are decision-making tools. However, it must be mentioned that neither of these theories is conclusive when applied singularly because each of the theories have weaknesses. This thesis shall briefly look at the classical, neoclassical, human resource, organizational cultural reforms and organizational environment theories. The Continue reading...

Should Punitive Damages Be Introduced in International Law?

Introduction
Different countries often have different legal policy in both their criminal and civil law systems. These differences often arise from differing social, economic, and political climates that lead to fundamental policy differences. In the area of civil the law differences in legal systems of different countries often reflect the individual countries’ beliefs as to the types of claims that should be recognized. Furthermore, legal systems across the globe often differ about the types of damages they are willing to recognize. One area in which there is a significant difference in the type of damages one can be awarded Continue reading...

Executive Summary

The athletes industry is highly competitive and unpredictable for organizations that venture. As such, the industry has been dominated by companies such as Adidas and Nike. Accordingly, the aforesaid companies that have sustained market dominance have controlled the sports apparel and footwear sector for decades. As well, the market dominance by the various companies has been as a result of clear comprehension of the market of operation. Nonetheless, Under Amour has emerged as a formidable force within the athletes industry. As a new company with less than 30 years of experience, the organization has been growing tremendously. Accordingly, the Continue reading...

Aristotle’s Ethics

Happiness
Aristotle in one of his most influential work, the Nicomachean Ethics, presented a theory of happiness 2300 years ago. In this theory they tried to answer a key question, which is, what was the ultimate purpose of human existence? What should be the end goal towards which we should be directing our energies? In his opinion, everyone is looking for “pleasure, wealth, and a good reputation”. In his opinion, while each of these has some value, neither of them can replace the relevance of chief good for which humanity should aim. The chief good or the ultimate aim Continue reading...

When Ruth Rogasaki wrote about the “hygienic modernity” in the republican era, her statements reveal that there was a local conception of the “weisheng” in China that can be closely linked to guarding life than the modern practices that are related to public health. In china, the term “weisheng” was translated to represent the English term “hygiene”. According to Rogasaki, Weisheng is about maintaining health and not guarding life as the term was locally conceived to mean.
This paper explores the emergence of the term “weisheng” and outlining the special features in its discourse. In addition, the paper will Continue reading...

At present, the consensus view among social scientists reflects the idea that human races are socio-cultural constructions, but the persistence of the notion of a biological reality behind “race” is undoubtedly enduring both in popular culture and among scientists. Garner (2009) offers a sufficiently elaborate explanation for the misconception of race as a biological and genetic reality. A closer look at the socio-cultural reality behind “race” will reveal not only socio-political narratives that systematically re-inscribe racial categorization, but also the commercial and technological themes behind the socio-cultural concept of “race”.
Garner (2009, pp. 1-5) emphasizes the reality that the Continue reading...

Although critical of democracy, Tocqueville did recognize that democracy was the form of political arrangement which would most likely be dominant in the future. While democracy could lead to an overall well being, it could also lead to a type of servitude.
Examine and evaluate two of the principal means – the notion of self-interest properly understood and the need for associations – which Tocqueville believed are necessary to mitigate against the dangers of equality and democratic society.

Tocqueville’s Idea of Democracy

The criticism of American democracy by Tocqueville can be expressed as “the tyranny of the majority” (Roark, p. 19). This idea has been Continue reading...

Criminal Trials in Drug Courts in Europe

Introduction
According to Langbein, the modern European Trial is an investigation into the truth, but not a stage battle of partisans committed to distortion. This is true with regards to prosecution and rehabilitation of drug offender that is now revamped in European countries. The criminal justice system is critical in the formation of any civilized society; it is required that the criminal justice system should be robust and in a position to protect the interests and rights of the various groups within the society. It comprises of three distinct elements; these are the law enforcement officers, the courts, and Continue reading...

Abstract

The concept of human rights has evolved over time and today, human rights are used as the yardstick upon which people measure a government’s treatment of its people. Human rights have been proffered as universal rights that occur to man by his being human. It may well be stated that human rights in modern day are synonymous to religion. They seek to define the moral code within which a government treats its people. Several theoretical approaches have been put forward in an endeavor to explain the basis of human rights. some of the theoretical approaches include the natural Continue reading...

Introduction

Free trade entails an unhampered sale and purchase of goods and services between different countries with no apparent constraints that stems from tax levy, tariff execution and implementation of duties (Fridell 9). Essentially, free trade enables a country to profoundly concentrate on their competitive advantages hence maximizing output and fuelling the economic growth of the citizens consequently. Evidently, the economy of those countries that adopted free trade much earlier are seen to prosper a fact that concur with the notion that free trade is a possible route towards developmental catch up. The growth of those countries that adopted free Continue reading...

Introduction

Organization can’t exist in a vacuum; it must be set in a particular country and region to which it is inextricably linked. The setting under which the organization operates provides numerous contexts which may influence how the organizations carry out its operations and how it produces (Mark, 2003). This notion yields the concept of external environment which is a significant aspect as organizations seek to address the various emerging trends. Analysis on the external environment is based on attempts to help understand the forces that exist outside the organizational boundaries that contribute towards shaping the organization.
According to Continue reading...

Abstract

The issue of balancing family and career is controversial especially based on the gender issues that tend to emerge from such debates. The following analysis presents personal experiences and worldwide view on the issue and the respective implications. It is evident that gender equality is not the solution on work-family conflicts as countries with greater gender equality level also report such cases in exception of Sweden where women are institutionally supported whether they are married or not. The fact that over 60% of the households with the school aged children are mainly dual-earning families depicts the essence of developing Continue reading...

PART 1

Summary
The copyright laws and right of ownership are controversial as different players or parties debate on the issue. One of the widely and globally controversial is a wildlife photographer whose camera was snatched by the monkey taking form of self portrait ‘selfie’ photographs. The photographer decision to sell the images to some of the leading search engines companies went viral with Wikipedia being the last resort. The implications on the Australian laws as the wrangles between the photographer request for the removal of the photos from Wikipedia unfolded. The respective entities entailed refusal of Wikipedia to remove the Continue reading...

Locke's belief

Introduction
John Locke's attack of the fact that knowledge can come from innate principles is not entirely satisfactory. His argument is, however, convincing. He disagrees with the notion that humans are born with knowledge that is accessed through thinking, doubting, believing, reasoning, knowing and willing. Instead, he asserts that an empty mind (such as baby's or lunatics) is furnished with information by experience (Locke 1975). He contradicts the perception that people receive into their understanding through observing in themselves and that the source of ideas is solely and wholly in an individual. The people supporting this school of thought Continue reading...

1. What is Descartes’ argument for the “real distinction” between mind and body? Does his argument succeed? Why or why not?
According to Descartes (“Synopsis,” p. 1), “the mind is thus enabled easily to distinguish what pertains to itself, that is, to the intellectual nature, from what is referred to the body.” This means that Descartes recognized the irreconcilable nature of the mind and the body and that sometimes the body has its own peculiar and natural tendencies. Hence, he concluded that the mind is distinct from the body. There is the crucial battle between the desires of the Continue reading...

Executive Summary

This process of making 17 reams release 100 pounds of Carbon dioxide in the environment. Forests and trees are mainly responsible for maintaining a stable environment of the world. Going paperless will help reduce the total waste that disturbs the natural environment. Trees are naturally responsible for absorbing carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis. The amount of paper recycled is proportional to the amount of tree saved. The increased usage of recycled paper will help decrease the demand for virgin paper. Decrease in the demand of virgin paper will automatically help reduce the air and water pollution. The Continue reading...

Introduction

Simply put, perception is visualizing of a particular element in the mind. Arguments sometimes form the basis over which knowledge is derived. The root causes of arguments come from people’s perceptions. In the past, philosophers were the major pioneers for derivation of arguments. The basis of Perceptions and objects have always been a born of contention among thinkers (Bunnin et al, 7). While some philosophers argue that objects are established when there is a perception of an idea, others think otherwise about this notion. I disagree with this notion that objects are established when there is a perception Continue reading...

Introduction

There are several stereotypes that are associated with Mexican Americans living in the United States currently. Most of these stereotypes have never been proven to be true as they were just a creation of most whites in this country. From research it has been found out that most Mexicans who have immigrated in the U.S. have faced racism either one time or another from most whites and even blacks some time. This racism was however in form of people stereotyping these Mexicans and their way of life. One of the most common stereotyping that Mexican Americans face is the Continue reading...

Abstract

The current globalization attached to the continuously developing economies, competition among enterprises grows quickly and the market share gets narrower. This situation has propelled organizations to develop approaches aimed at gaining new market; companies are also trying to create superiority over their rivals by positioning new products which are aimed at consumer behavior and perceptions. Under such notion, product positioning strategies in the marketing management has emerged and now companies conduct studies on this strategy. The preceding analysis offers a detailed approach aimed at creating a comprehensive comparison of various positioning strategies for competing products or service.

Introduction

Various terminologies Continue reading...

The concept of karma in the Hinduism religion usually states that the sinful acts must be accompanied by the consequences that should be on board. It is the believe of the Hindus that would should be paid for what one done i.e. should reap what you sow. They also believe that one’s past way of living and behavior heavily impacts the fate of what one faces in the present days. There is also the notion that the how an individual behaves of conducts himself presently has an influence on the future. Thus in light of this context karma Continue reading...

Should we rape the rapist? Should we torture the criminals? Is Vengeance the right approach? Should criminals be reformed or executed? These questions crop up often especially when an inmate is executed. Death Penalty or capital punishment is a contested concept mainly on the basis of ethics and fundamental rights. There are arguments and equally strong counterarguments depicting the irrelevance of this practice.
Those who are against the death penalty argue that human life is valuable and even the worst offenders shouldn't be deprived of their lives. In addition, everybody has the 'right to life' and death penalty deprives Continue reading...

I must admit that I had my own preconceived ideas and notions about the mentally retarded persons all along and before I had an opportunity of volunteering in a facility that provides care for the mentally ill. Even at the moment when we were given an opportunity to volunteer in a mental health facility, I had my own ideas of what I would see, experience, and what the patients or the mentally retarded would be like. These notions had been built into me and developed throughout my life through listening to popular opinions from people and readings from the Continue reading...

The concept of equality comes in the picture when the debate about human worth and human rights is initiated. Equality champions often come up with mottos that claim that all human beings are equal and therefore they deserve equal treatment. On the other hand, counters of equality claim the equality is the enemy of incentive and creativity. Given the two notions, we wonder what is meant by equality. Equality is a term that indicates a quantitative relationship. It indicates connection between a group of different persons with similar qualities in at least one aspect and corresponds itself in all Continue reading...

Rawls notion of civil disobedience tends to define civil disobedience as going against law or set down norms in the society. There are however situations in which civil disobedience may be morally justified. Rawls advances a philosophy about civil disobedience that has widely been accepted by most scholars of recent times. Rawls defends scholarly works defends civil disobedience as a non-violent attempt by the public to defy the law with the aim of bringing a change to the government or to a structure of the set down laws. According to this philosophy, the people who decide to engage in Continue reading...