Essays on Immanuel Kant

The motto of enlightenment is “Have courage to use your own reason.” Philosopher Immanuel Kant described enlightenment as a path that all of us have access to, but few of us take advantage of. It is defined as “a man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage” (Kant, 1). That is, enlightenment is self-incurred because most of society adopts the dominant feelings of the popular majority. However, Kant presents it is difficult for individuals to reach a level of such enlightenment because they lack the courage to do so. It takes courage to stand out on one’s own faith, ...

Introduction

Some organizations are successful while others are not successful. There has been arguments as to what causes some organizations to succeed and what causes others to fail. Some literature support the view that organizations succeed if they recruit skilled and experienced employees. Other sources argue that success of organizations largely depend on the kind of leadership they have. Still, some argue that it is a combination of leadership and employees with certain qualities because leaders are required to direct employees to achieve the vision of their organizations. But what differentiate good leaders from bad leaders? Allio (2007) argued that ...

Business goals are primarily geared towards attaining financial gains. Other factors weigh heavily in ensuring the success of a business undertaking such as the organizational capability, management competency and market improvement strategies. Beyond these success factors, however, one aspect of running a business that is crucial in determining the performance of the business in the long term is business ethics or the application of moral theories in making business decisions. Business ethics refer to the adoption of proper business policies and practices concerning potentially controversial issues, such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility and fiduciary ...

Introduction

Society has been distinguishing the concepts of good and evil since the ancient times. So, we can say that it had a specific morality - the system of moral relations, feelings, and consciousness. The morality is the central question of ethics, and still relevant to our society. Among the ethical systems I have learned, there are virtue ethics, utilitarianism, social contract, deontology with goals (Hinduism and Buddhism), deontology with divine authority (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), relativism (individual and cultural), and deontology with a categorical imperative (Kant). So, I would like to say a few words about each of them.

Ethical Systems

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Kantian approach to ethics is unique in that it provides both a method to apply in creating moral rules and guidelines and a clear justification to evaluate the moral value of specific actions. The theory seeks to provide a clear approach to the formation of morality and the moral legitimacy of particular actions. As such, Kant argued that morality must be based on reason and that the behavior that is most ethical will be automatically the most rational one. The greatest strength of the Kantian approach is in its consistently. The theory’s morality is absolute and based on ...

Among different theories that were implemented in XIX-XXs century the concept of utilitarianism and deontology are still the matter to discuss. Although firstly the suppositions of utilitarianism appear in the writings of the British moralists of XVI-XVII centuries, the modern theory of the concept is most often associated with the British philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806- 1873) who elaborated the theory from a hedonistic version proposed by his mentor Jeremy Bentham (1748- 1832) who thought a person should experience a lot of pleasure and avoid suffering. As most clearly stated by Mill, the basic principle of utilitarianism is that ...

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Protecting animal rights is one of the major advocacies in contemporary society and such fervor can be attributed to animal rights advocates with the likes of Tom Regan. In his article ‘The Case for Animal Rights,’ Regan took an absolutism stand in support animal rights and established the theoretical framework of absolutism or Kantianism as the most plausible moral and ethical foundation why humans should protect animal rights at all cost. Regan approached his topic by examining ethical theories that serves as the common basis of human morality. According to Regan, it is fundamentally wrong for humans ...

INTRODUCTION

Every society develops, struggles to find and seeks solutions that will be best for society. What are the best laws, political style and what should be considered right and wrong and good or bad. Science says that for every action there is a reaction. Essentially, this means that there are consequences for all actions and choices, which calls for great consideration in regards to those acts being right or wrong, good or evil and or even worthwhile. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted means by which attain these social goals that need to be achieved. One area of ethical ...

1. Determine the Facts: What this case is about is the safety concerns that were raised regarding the rupturing of the fuel tanks. These tanks were bring produced by Ford and used in their cars during the 1970s. At this time, they lobbied in order to challenge the legal opposition to their doing so. The problem revolves around the discussion of two particular cases. To start, during the 1960s, the president of the Ford Motor Company Arjay Miller had gotten into an accident and his gas tank had ruptured. Despite giving a moving speech about the need for better ...

In the late 1700s, Immanuel Kant had his first attempt to investigate the ground from which human knowledge established certain limits by investigating the structures of the human mind. In Kant’s (1781) Critique of Pure Reason, he argued that knowledge does not just come from experience but also from impressions created from the faculty of knowledge or a priori, which is independent of all experience. Meanwhile, Kant’s theory of perception insists “imagination is a necessary ingredient of perception itself” (Kant, 1965, p.120). It appears therefore, that impressions tend to produce images through the receptive sensible capacities of ...

Introduction

Ethics and morality are extremely essential in every business. This is foremost objective to build businesses upon well-established business ethics and principles. However, it has been well noted that businesses in the contemporary global economy face some central ethical challenges (Jones, Parker, and Bos, 2005). To understand the nature of the ethical challenges faced by businesses and how to deal with them, it is imperative to understand the meanings and significance of some ethical and moral concepts. Morality is the set of established norms and values that are considered and portrayed as good and right within a given socio-cultural ...

Introduction

The incident involved the crash of a sightseeing helicopter high up in the crevasse of the Rocky Mountains. The pilot of the ill-fated plane was described as experienced, with over four thousand hours of flight. At the moment of the incident, it was reported to be worryingly overcast, not forgetting rainfall. According to the quality assurance manager of the helicopter’s owners, a tourism firm, the chopper crashed just moments after taking flight from the glaciers at an altitude of 2500 meters, specifically at a chosen spot referred as The Chancellor. There were six passengers on board, all tourists, ...

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Q1: Gansman lied to his employers on the insider information he gave Murdoch (Steiner and Steiner 264). Murdoch lied to her husband on the extramarital affair and later on to the FBI (264,266). Brodsky lied about his trading on insider information (266). Murdoch and Brodsky used the lie for money; Gansman for egoistic interest without justifying it publicly (264). Those harmed were primarily the stocks and options investors of Blackstone and other Ernst & Young clients whose trades inadvertently manipulated by the insider information (265-266). The most harmful lies were that of Murdoch, ...

Hegel's philosophy is the culmination of the German philosophy development, which began from Kant. Hegel created a grandiose philosophical system, which covered the whole totality of theoretical knowledge at that time. This philosopher comprehended the state and the right as products of reasonable human activities, which were embodied in real public institutions. Hegel's political doctrine had a tremendous impact on the development of political and legal thought. In his teaching, Hegel considered the idea of the state and law, assuming the task of the science of law and the state not the development of ideas about proper and reasonable ...

Appealing to Audience: The Analysis of “Two Broke Girls”

Introduction For the last several years the television has been on the rise creating a product that can easily compete with the big screen movies. The quality of the TV shows increased exponentially and, in the result, it became easier to target the audience in every segment. At the same time, the competition became severe in this sector and the media majors try hard to stay relevant. Nowadays, it is possible to find a TV show that appeals to all categories of viewers from cultural as well as social perspectives. The studios realized that a smart targeting of “their” ...

History, Circumstances, Ethical Issues

“The Italian Tax Mores” case, prepared by Arthur R. Kelly highlights an ethical issue specific to the modern corporate world. The case is based on a real life occurrence, which indicates that the moral absolutes are surpassed by the legal morality, which results in a moral contradiction. Therefore, an American leading bank that opened a subsidiary in Italy was faced with a moral issue when it was forced to apply the “Italian style” for declaring its tax return, which implied lying about the actual tax return by downsizing it with 30 – 70% of its real value (Kelly 54). Although ...

The public does not view all industries as equal in the free trade market. I believe it is ethical to consider industries as unequal parties in trade. I base my argument on the fact that some industries produce products that are harmful to the consumers. The harm is caused if there is excessive usage of these products. The tobacco industry is an example of an industry that produces products that are harmful to human beings. Companies in the tobacco industry focus on the production and sale of tobacco cigarettes. There are many people who smoke tobacco cigarettes all over ...

Philosophy final

- What are Descartes’ arguments for Cartesian dualism? Do you find them persuasive? If you do not, do you endorse monism, or not? Explain your answer.

In the dualism, Descartes attempts to solve the problem of mind and body. Descartes contrast the mind and the body that the two exist separately. He believes that human beings have two properties, the physical and the mental properties (Stanford encyclopedias of philosophy, all). The physical properties are those that can be attributed to the physical sciences. For examples, size, height and weight, color, shape, and motion in space, among others. On ...

Question 1: Gramsci: Some Preliminary Points of Reference

Philosophy has had a long history in which it has been viewed as an ‘ivory tower’ pursuit – a subject which is to be studied by those who have either too much time or money on their hands. Through this view philosophy had no practical applicability and was simply a pass time for those who could afford it. Contrary to this view, Gramsci argued that not only is philosophy a practical subject of study – one which embodies the idea of ‘praxis’ but that every individual is a philosopher. This (somewhat deterministic) standpoint claims that all people are, in ...

Virtue Theory

As a human being like Bernard Madoff, he is a businessperson with immoral business conduct. His immoral business conduct is a result of his defective character. He desired for power, fame, money, and abundant lifestyle. All his ambition became a vanity that created a trap and nothing left for him is the difficulty to break free. Moral philosophers categorized his character as vices. Vices are the perfect opposite of virtues. Vices are bad habits of character with its ...

Introduction:

In Radio interview with The French geophysicist Xavier Le Pichon on fragility and evolution of our humanity, some issues were identified. The lesson that fragility is a fundamental and vital in the human evolving systems has been identified in the interview. In the interview with Krista Tippet of American Public Media, Xavier Le Pichon identifies that geophysics in the science world readily gives out answers to any object in the universe. Hence the human evolution aspects as witnessed in the motion of the intercontinental plates. This led to the learning of the lesson of how the earth works. In addition, ...

The article provides us with a profound insight of the Adam Smith’s philosophy. Moreover, it depicts Smith in a new light, which was unknown to most of the people, even those interested in economic theory and philosophy. Amartya Sen, in his article “Adam Smith and the contemporary world” asserts that usually people underestimate Smith’s influence on the economic theory and society as a whole. To prove the point, the author provides scores of relevant examples, quoting different passages from various works.

Everyone knows that Adam Smith is considered to be a “father of a modern economy”, however, not all of his ...

Introduction

Philosophy aims at creating a better understanding of life, nature, matter, God, and whole universe to us. The paper discusses the three aspects of philosophy such as metaphysics, epistemology, and political philosophy in terms of the theoretical framework laid down by prominent philosophers. The paper includes my own ideas regarding these aspects and also critically evaluates my ideals and the ideals of the philosophers so as to understand the distinction between both forms of ideas.

1. Metaphysics

Metaphysics aims at exploring the reality of everything in this universe and countless theories and sub-categories have developed over the ...

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was born in Konigsburg, East Prussia. He attended a classical Latin School at age eight where he studied for the next eight years. He then moved to the University of Konigsburg where he studied mathematics, philosophy and physics. He left his studies for a while when his father died and earned a living as a private tutor. In 1755 he returned to the university and earned his doctorate. He became a professor there teaching metaphysics and logic. In 19792, the King of Prussia prohibited Kant from speaking or writing on religious subjects; Kant obeyed the order. As ...

In the Groundwork Kant makes a claim that hypothetical imperatives because of their dependence on contingent and variable desires, wishes, and ends cannot provide universally valid rules of action for all rational beings, and therefore cannot be moral. Therefore, moral imperatives must be categorical rather than hypothetical. In other words, they must be unconditionally valid rules of action for all rational beings. Moral principles must therefore be formal and be able to serve as universal laws. In a nutshell, according to Kant (i) the moral principles must be categorical imperatives (ii) the concept of a categorical imperative is an idea of an unconditional ...

Intuitionism should be the most interesting phenomenon in modern philosophy. Intuitionism is a view, according to which the knowledge can be directly given to reason, as an inspiration insight, which is more comprehensive than a rational or sensual experience. In ethics it implies a point of view that the basic moral principles understood intuitively rather than through other cognitive processes.

Misconception of Kantian implied idealism that separating the mind from the appreciation of living, sensual contemplation, but also the metaphysical way of thinking, absolutizes distinction between direct and indirect knowledge and unable to find a valid way of development of knowledge.

Kant developed ...

Stealing is looked down upon in society and more often than not, is always talked about in a negative connotation. Stealing may lead to other offensive acts such as lying or hurting other people. However, when people place emotion above reason they may be able to justify stealing in certain circumstances. Regardless of the reason provided, stealing is wrong and must not be encouraged at any cost. The extent of stealing may be debatable and some acts may not be considered as offensive as others, but the fact remains that stealing is unethical and must ...

QUESTION 1

Mary is a Conscientious Moral Agent. Identify a moral argument or arguments that Mary can apply in this case. Use the facts of this case to explain the moral reasoning and moral principle(s) that Mary applies in this case.

ANSWER: Given the condition in which Mary was in, it is important that she addresses the situation as impartial as she can be. In this particular case, she should therefore forget that she is the mother of one of the students in the place of employment of one of their patients in the hospital who was having psychological health issues. ...

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

Introduction People often associate art with beauty such that art forms appeal to the audience because of their aesthetic qualities. Nonetheless, as we explore various theories, concepts, and approaches in art design, we discover that beauty is diverse. As the famous saying goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder, which means that the standard and quality of beauty differs based on varying constructs and views of beauty. The conflict and exchange between perfection and imperfection, for instance, illustrates the variability of beauty as a construct in art design (Bailey & Peoples, 2010). Beauty is not merely a creation or ...

- The mind or to be more specific, a person’s state of mind serves as an important factor in determining the incorrigibility of the different forms of knowledge. According to the fundamental that Descartes thought, a person’s existence is present as long as he or she has the capability to think. This can be considered as a method of doubt. This is actually one of the most prevalent and most effective methods of doubt because it allows an individual to doubt anything in a world that can be full of factors, variables, and considerations such as mathematics, physics and other fields ...

Compare Aristotle with Kant, Rawls, and the utilitarians. Which theory offers us the most successful theory of justice?

The essence of justice is a massively studied model. With the help of different social sciences, head scholars continue to reflect on the field and outline of what appears to bear a visionary semblance but whose versions in time of history has often taken different perspectives. An equiparation of the versions of justice in main disciplines of psychology, legal studies, philosophy, economic studies, and sociology, for example, show only very insular convergence lines. An analysis of Aristotle’s interpretation of justice in comparison with Victorian principles and later on in the works of Kant, Rawls and utilitarians and other contemporary thoughts ...

Little progress has been made so far in demystifying the controversy of judging the criterion of what is right or wrong. Since the dawn of philosophy, the question of the “summum bonum” or the greatest good concerning morality. The question has resulted in division into sects and schools warning against each other and is recognized as the core problem when thinking speculatively.

According to the Kantian theory, the basis of defining good or bad is based on the will or the intention behind the action. There is nothing impossible to think of in the world or outside it ...

Philosophy of Religion – Pascal’s Wager

The question of existence of God has been a bone of contention among many philosophers ever since philosophy existed. Earlier the arguments in favor of God dominated, but later, close to the time of modernity, it appears as if arguments against God’s existence have dominated, irrespective of the validity and plausibility of the arguments. However, even in the modern times, many philosophers tried to defend the existence of God. Among those Blaise Pascal was also one whose argument became famous with the name of Pascal’s wager. The main idea of the argument was that one must wager for ...

Such a remarkable statement of Immanuel Kant,” one should always treat humanity, whether in oneself or in another, always as an end and never merely as a means. ” In addition, he argued, “the highest good is a good will.” The latter implies that to act from a good will is to act from duty. Kant’s formulation of the Categorical Imperative (CI) has a profound sense that hits every human core of thoughts. It would be necessary to exemplify this matter with the association with his approach in the business world to understand the profoundness of his formulated CI deeply. For ...

Chapter 10 Q1

The concept of on the ‘self’ has been one of the major issues in philosophy. Hume held that the ‘self’ is concept that is defined by the collective experiences that one has. In this case, Hume believes one’s awareness of the ‘self’ is tied to the person’s previous experiences through perception (David Hume, 1.4.6.3). Hume notes that humans do not and cannot observe something that is beyond their transient feelings, impressions, and sensations. He further claims that there is no anyone particular impressing that can be called the ‘self’. It is imperative that ...

Immanuel Kant was known for his philosophical views and principles. The definition of human dignity according to Kant is where human beings can act independently from others. The ability of one who can act independently from others can reason and rationally develop their thoughts are, according to Kant is given respect Gentzler (890). Viewing human being as capable and rational beings is a worthy position.

Respect should be at the forefront of human behavior and interaction. When you show respect for another person, you demonstrate that your level of morality is good. When you act in the opposite manner and ...

- Basing my argument on the maxims advanced by Kantian ethics, the banks in the United Kingdom did not act ethically. The tree maxims advanced by Kantian ethics are used for vetting the ethicality of actions. Under the first maxim, ethical actions reflect an underlying principle that can be followed by everyone. Under the second maxim, ethical actions are those that treat people with dignity rather than as means. Under the third maxim, all ethical actions are universally accepted by all human beings. An ethical act should satisfy the threshold set by the three maxims (Crane & Matten, 2010, ...

Morality can be defined in different ways. Some of the definitions are dependent on several factors. Philosophy is a broad subject that involves the study of different aspects of life, and non-life factors too. Philosophy even becomes more interesting and intriguing when involves the lives of human being directly. This is because it includes the perceptions of different things that people would take normally under normal situations. However, philosophy brings everything into light, though in a rare manner.

As opposed to descriptive efforts of ethics, it is also meant to describe what ethical behavior entails alongside providing reasons to be ethical. ...

Part 1

In reading Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, I find it interesting to read about Human Nature Perspectives and Dialogical Perspectives. It also interests me reading Kant’s Categorical Imperative and Aristotle’s Human Rational Capacity.

Human Nature Perspectives is focused on what makes human the way they are. Humans possess certain characteristics that make them unique. These characteristics can be enhanced in order to promote maximum potential of the person. Human attributes can be utilized to evaluate the communication ethics notwithstanding culture, religion, situation, and type of government. Dialogical Perspectives is focused on the concept of dialogue. Dialogue can ...

Part 1

- In what ways did the video "The Crisis of Credit" demonstrate the failure of the banking industry's Fiduciary Relationship to investors and home owners?

The video explains a worldwide financial disaster that effected everyone. It started on the burst of the dot com bubble when the federal reserve of the United States decreased the interest rate to 1%. This value dramatically dropped the investment level because of the reduced ROI. This action made banks to take more and more loans from the Federal Reserve. The leverage increased as it became very easy to return a loan, so the demand for credit increased rapidly.

The banks took a lot of credit, and they were easily able to payback and made a lot of profits. Investors saw this as ...

Kant’s theory of morality centers on the role of moral duty in determination of human decisions. The theory advocated for the treatment of others as an end rather than just a means or tool. It further establishes that a person’s actions initiate from the maxims that lie deep within that person. These maxims are indicators of one’s intentions. The theory describes the use of an individual as a sheer means to an unrelated end. This is whereby one seeks to achieve some objective that the person being used is unaware of its existence. This, as per the theory, is ...

Annotated Bibliography

Grosch, P., Large, W., Wenham, D., Appleton, J., Astley, J., Fiddes, P., & Hick, J. (n.d.). Kant's Categorical Imperative. This article talks about the authors’ view concerning Kant’s Categorical Imperative. Grosch claims that people are free and rational agents that have the ability to formulate maxims that guide the moral lives. The authors also state that that it depends on the people to offer moral content. As long as the people are ready to submit to the maxim to test the moral law and discard them if they seem not to follow it and confirm ...

Good Will and Happiness in the Society

- Define the term categorical imperative and give at least three examples of categorical imperatives that you believe in.

According to the Kantian moral psychology, he holds that the categorical imperative is the fundamental principle of our moral duties. A categorical imperative refers to the moral command or obligation that is universally and unconditionally binding for all members of a given society. The Kantian moral philosophy believes that members of the society treat each other in a manner that they would also wish to be treated (MacKinnon, 2013). The categorical imperative, or command, therefore, guides the morality of human beings since ...

Part 1

Ethic in business is a crucial thing. In these paper Halliburton company is said to have been involved in corruption scandals shall be evaluated. At the same time the Wal-Mart company that has been exploiting people shall be evaluated from different perspectives as outlined.

Utilitarianism takes two dimensions, the act utilitarianism and the rule utilitarianism. The act utilitarianism has it that consequences of a single act be measured depending on how right or wrong the course of action was. The basic rule in this case is exercising the probable benefit. In this case the point of reference in every action that ...

Part IV is perhaps the most important part of René Descartes’ Discourse on the Method. This part of the Discourse contains a description of the results of Descartes’ meditations following the method that had been previously established by him. In contrast, earlier when Descartes was doubtful, he had taken upon himself to act conclusively and definitively. Now he acts oppositely, and considers everything that may in anyway be doubtful as false. He does this to be certain that the things he holds on to are impossible to doubt. He completely gives up all sensory knowledge because the senses are prone ...

I am working in Kuwait Ministry of Information at the Salary Department. Employees in my department are responsible for keeping salary accounts of all the staff of the Ministry. The average salary in our Department is below average. The contract provides 35 days of holidays per year. These days should be chosen by an employee himself, provided that he would preliminary book it. The salary is always paid on certain days of the mouth and we, staff of the Salary Department, have to work on these days despite of everything in order to complete the work. The issue ...

Part I

Ethics is the set of beliefs, ideas and guidelines as to what determines the behavior. It is the accepted code of conduct amongst a given group of persons/society. According to Paul and Elder (2), ethics is "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures". It also describes of what is good, what is right and how one ought to know what to do. This study gives a description of the different prime theories on how they affect the human sexuality and marriage.

Ethical egoism is a theory based on an individual doing ...

The character Frodo Baggins in the trilogy Lord of the Rings is a character who potrays bravery and courage and blind at parts. What is amazing about this character, is the will he shows, in the various quests he takes up. Frodo is the son of Drogo Baggins; he is a hobbit of the shire, of the third age. In the movie, he is the holder of the ring that is to be taken to Mount Doom to be destroyed. He is one of the three hobbits who sailed to the end of the third age in the middle of the ...

Jack Snyder talks of realism, liberalism and idealism in the context of United States of America. The effects these two theories have on foreign policies are enormous as is evident from the policies undertaken by the United States of America. The theoretical debate between idealism and realism is also a matter of discussion. In his essay, the author discusses the intricacies and complexities of the theories of international relations in view of the contemporary state of affairs in world politics. In reference to another essay by him, one can get to know of the democracies and wars and the effects ...

1. Outline the categories of violence as described by Jamil Salmi.

According to Salmi, the phenomenon of violence has many characteristics, with particular causes per characteristic and with particular causational agents per cause. Violence also exists in several forms, including direct violence, indirect violence, repressive violence, and alienating violence.

Direct violence is characterized by any physical, in-person act causing intended harm. In this category would be included A) any act resulting in death (homicide, genocide, infanticide); and B) any “coercive or brutal” (Module 6, 44) at threatening or resulting in physical or psychological damage or suffering—including rape, spousal abuse, political imprisonment, for example.

Indirect violence is characterized by ...

Choice 2: A married couple, both addicted to drugs, are unable to care for their infant daughter. She is taken from them by court order and placed in a foster home. The years pass. She comes to regard her foster parents as her real parents. They love her as they would their own daughter. When the child is 9 years old, the natural parents, rehabilitated from drugs, begin court action to regain custody. The case is decided in their favor. The child is returned to them, against her will. Does ethics support the law in this case? Discuss.

Initially, the ...

There are various theories that have been derived in an attempt to explain the behaviors of people. All these theories have an explanation behind the behaviors of people as well as the different reasons as to why the people behave the way they do. Below is a discussion of some of the theories that come into play.

There is the platonic argument (Matus Para. 6). This theory has it that the people define reality from what they have observed. This is seen in the allegory of caves. The people in the caves had known only the shapes they saw on ...

The choices involved with organ transplants are never easy. There are more patients in need of new organs than the number of available organs, which means that doctors and transplant committees have to make decisions that are not palatable to many of us. They have to evaluate the possible quality of life of patients after they receive the transplants, and factors like longevity are a concern, but so are less quantitative ones, like their ability to contribute to society. Also, factors that are less specific to the patient can come into play, such as the ability of family members or ...

Kantian distinction between action done in accord with duty and action done from duty

During the formulation of universal law, Immanuel Kant established a distinction between actions done from duty and actions done in accord with duty. Actions from duty are those motivated by an individual’s desire to do his duty; the actions, however, are not in line with the requirements of morality. In such a situation, the individual is mistaken about what his duty entails. The individual intends to do what he believes is his/her duty; his accomplishment of the task is an action from duty whether it is wrong or right. The person is unaware of the oral facts he should consider ...

Between contractors and owner

The person with the ethical dilemma is the owner of the job, Brown Equipment Company, a heavy equipment dealer. The company wants to construct an office/warehouse and has therefore invited bids from several contractors to do the same. The contractors include Smith Construction, Jones, and Capone among others.

Claim

This person should follow the normal ethical practices that deal with bid solicitation between contractors in the building sector. The normally accepted bidding process starts with the advertisement for bids. Advertisement for bids is a public notice to members of the public, and contractors notifying them about the project. To go with the ...

The ethical quandary in Robert F. Ladenson’s Friends and Lovers presents a situation in which one member of a group of three friends, Claire, must make a decision about how to deal with information she has received intimately concerning her other two friends, Tony and Beth, who are engaged to be married. Tony has revealed he had a brief affair but asked Claire to keep the fact a secret, and Beth has asked Claire if she thinks something is “going on” with Tony. Claire’s decision on how to deal with the situation will differ depending on what type of ethics she ...

This paper will argue that despite habit, custom, and the existence of God, one does not know in fact if the future will be a resemblance of the past. Basing on the works of famous philosophers Immanuel Kant and David Hume, we’ll come to the conclusion that no one can foresee one’s future even on the basis of strict knowledge of the past and even having habits and customs that presumably have to lead to some definite outcome. The two thinkers argued about those things, and using their ideas we’ll substantiate the thesis under consideration.

Hume was ...

Every society is guided by a code of conduct that serves as a framework that regulates their action as good or bad. This code of conduct is patterned after a theory of morality that has been formulated by philosophers and moral advocates. Among these are the three classical theories of morality that help guide social conduct and aid in decision making. These theories include Immanuel Kant’s deontology theory, John Stuart Mill’s theory of utilitarianism and Aristotle’s the virtue theory. However, these theories also help influence cultural identity. This paper aims to evaluate the three classical theories in relation to ...

Morality is one of the most contested, criticized and discussed issues all across the world, and this is especially based on the fact that it is one of the aspects in life that dates from as back as man became a civilized being. However, over centuries, there has been a lot of changes in the way morality is viewed, and through changes and evolutions such as the definition and drawing of moral lines between what is good and bad in the society, a lot has changed morality especially with the development of values, loosing of traditions and globalization. For example, what may ...

There are many moral lessons that can be found in the fairy tale “Beauty and the Beast” by Marie Le Prince de Beaumont. Some of these moral lessons include simplicity, humility, kindness, cheerfulness, amicability, loyalty, industry, patience, forthrightness, generosity, compassion, contentment, honesty, virtuous, and benevolence. Two morals lessons that are standing out are compassion and contentment – two virtues of Beauty. Throughout the story, Beauty distinguishes herself from many of the characters by her compassion. Without compassion, Beauty would have married any one of her suitors that are willing to marry her even after her father loses all his riches. ...