Essays on Socrates

The concept of holiness in the dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates emerges when Socrates insists that Euthyphro ought to have been perfectly informed of what is pious and what is impious prior to filing a murder charge against his own father. Socrates presence at the porch of the King Archon had been occasioned by a case of impiety brought against him by Meletus. The concept of holiness takes a prominent position in the discussion between Socrates and Euthyphro because Socrates wanted to learn of what is pious and what is impious so that he could defend himself in case. ...

The concept of piety in the conversation

The concept of holiness emerges in the conversation between Socrates and Euthyphro at the point where Euthyphro argues that he is prosecuting his father because failure to do so could upshot in impiety (Le Poidevin, 2011). Impiety here refers to a state of being holy and devoid of wrong. The philosopher Euthyphro finds a basis of his decision to prosecute his own father in the thinking of the gods. According to Euthyphro, it would be wrong to prosecute a stranger who committed the same crime as his father if he would not prosecute his relations. It is in this ...

When Socrates was asked to suggest an alternative to his death sentence, he said he should be given free room and board for life, just like the Olympians.  Unfortunately, the 501 jurors deciding his case didn’t agree, and Socrates was executed by poison in 399 BC.  The charges? Corrupting the youth and not acknowledging Athen’s gods. 

No doubt the charges were trumped up and Socrates was executed for his radical philosophies that criticized the practices of the Athenian elite and attracted a following that included throngs of youth.  He saw politicians as corrupt, full of pumped up ...

Understanding oneself is the way to happiness. Philosophy as taught by Socrates helps people turn inwards and in the process better themselves. Socrates apology is an account of the speech he made in a trial when he was being charged with not recognizing the gods that the state recognized. Instead, according to his accusers, he invented new gods and corrupted the youth in Athens. This speech is, however, not an apology as the modern meaning of the word suggests. The word apology in the speech is derived from the Greek word apologia that means a speech made in defense ...

Keys Ideas by Aristotle

The idea of causality, Aristotle “Four causes” theory shows us the different reasons for the existence of something. The four causes allow us to define what material cause is, the efficient cause, formal cause (essence) and final cause (purpose). On the subject of primitive soul, Aristotle imagines the relation of the body to reproduction and nutrition (Green, 2005). In addition, he puts his focus on the immense field of the sensitive soul. Scientists in shaping their explanations about the origin of the universe apply this theory. On the contrary, theologians apply the same theory in justification of God as ...

Socrates, being an ardent thinker he was, uses every statement that Meno says in disapproving him and refusing his answer. In each instance, he introduces something else and thinks through it together with Meno. He asks relevant questions according to what Meno gives out as a definition of virtue. In this analysis, two of the definitions that Meno gives as definitions of virtue are analyzed. This includes the second definition where Meno defines virtue as the power to rule over others. The third definition given by Meno is the power to acquire subtle things. In both cases, Meno genuinely ...

Introduction

Each and every education system in the world is designed to suit the explicit desires of the ruling class and regimes. Evidently, there are nations whose major goals that shape their education towards the pious person. This scenario could be the opposite for other nations whose main goal of education is geared to war-like informed individuals and graduates. Other governments concentrate their systems to produce the industrious man who loves quality in all dimensions that is, taste, character and knowledge.

In reality, Socrates identified four regimes that are revolutionary and dependent on each other with time. These are Timocracy, ...

Socrates sentencing had been delayed for a month presenting to Crito a good opportunity to advise Socrates to escape when the ship, that was at Delos arrived. Crito made several attempts to convince Socrates to escape into exile since it was a common practice in Athens. The Athenians would not mind since they wanted Socrates to leave the city. In this paper, Crito’s arguments made to Socrates are analyzed first, followed by Socrates responses and ultimate decision. Crito held that he would have lost such a dear friend should Socrates be killed. He proceeded to explain that he ...

In order to get a clear picture of how Plato would respond to this dilemma, it is important to establish the facts about this case. A woman named Lisa Krawchuk qualified for welfare assistance because of her low income. The welfare authorities required her to report any changes in her income for the period that she received the benefits. She agreed to that condition, reported an increase in her income after her husband got a part-time job and the welfare office reduced her payments accordingly. Lisa failed to report that she was benefiting from a student loan and the ...

In the case where John and Debra picked up a painting so as to deliver it to a buyer, Socrates and Glaucon would have reacted as follows: In the mind of Socrates, he would have asked himself the following questions before he made further deliberations on the matter. What was the cause of the accident by John? Was it accidental? What factors preceded the accident? How did John react to the factor that had finally culminated to a breakage and distortion of the painting? Did his accomplice Debra, take reasonable care or reaction by taking the matter at hand ...

What Is Utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism is the direction in ethics (ethical theory), according to which the moral value of an act is determined behavior or its usefulness. Utilitarianism is a new term introduced in general use; Mill should be considered a chief representative of the direction, denoted by the term Utilitarianism. Mill had predecessors mainly in Russian philosophical literature. If some historians consider it possible to talk about utilitarianism in antiquity, this is explained by mixing two concepts: utilitarianism and eudemonism, i.e., theories built on the concepts of use and enjoyment. The culprit of this confusion is the same Mill, who wished, in ...

The Meno, one of Plato’s dialogue, is one of the most studied Meno describes the excellence of humans as he answers Socrates with a list of virtues of a man. Socrates is looking an answer of the definition, but Meno is giving examples of virtue. Many Greek philosophers gave theories about the virtues of human beings; what comprises human excellence, in terms of virtues, of people. They believed that these theories were related to the final objective of human beings on this earth, as well as their intention and what incorporates the great life that everybody wants to ...

In Socrates' recounting of her speech, Diotima gives an account of what she considers being the best form of love. (Nye 137). The question “what is love?”, has troubled individuals often, but Plato, in the symposium, offers a solid understanding through Socrates, the philosopher. In identifying the means of pursuing love, Diotima defines Love as a craving for happiness. According to the Greeks, Happiness was regarded as an end of its own, with much of the Greek ethics centered on it. One may criticize the scope of the word “Love” as inflated in order to embrace all forms of ...

CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is drawn from his tremendous works on the Republic. It is literally a conversation that takes place between Socrates and Gaucon. The conversation is categorized into three parts. The first section is the scene within the cave. According to Kernan, the second part of the discourse deliberates on the three stages of liberation and the third creates a picture of the prisoner returning to the same cave. The scene in the cave is one of gloom and darkness, with prisoner chained and unable to move around, even their heads could only face one ...

In his relationship with Socrates, has Alcibiades been made into a true lover; that is, is Alcibiades now a philosopher. To answer this, love must be defined philosophically or otherwise. Socrates, in his speech, says that love is a feeling for some object. Love is a desire for an object. Eros is the Greek god of love. The Roman god of love is called Cupid. In his speech, Cupid says that love is a feeling for beautiful things. Socrates philosophically says ‘love’ is not good or beautiful’. He goes on and says that if it were the contrary, then ...

Introduction

The Socratic argument for reincarnation arises out of a discussion amongst Socrates with Pythagorean philosophers who had gone to visit him while in incarceration. The discussion arose as Socrates faced death through execution. He reasoned that philosophers ought to look forward to death rather than fear it. The ultimate act of death meant that the philosopher would finally rid his soul of the body, which is a major distraction in the soul’s quest for pure knowledge unaltered by the deception of our senses. Since our senses are imperfect and deceive us, Socrates advances the argument that the best ...

Socrates and Descartes are some of the greatest Greek philosophers of their time as they greatly impacted western and modern day thoughts or philosophy. They are known as fathers of philosophy as a result of their philosophical inquiry which forms the basis of modern day thoughts. Socrates was an inscrutable individual and one of the philosophers who demonstrated enigma during his lifetime. He changed the manner in which philosophy is conceived, although he did not write anything. The Socratic teaching method or elenctic is one such thought that survived throughout several years. Descartes, on the other hand, started his ...

Locate one instance where Socrates used untruth and justified it as truth

The Apology The apology is an account of the Socratic speech made during his trial in Athens in 339 B.C. In this trial, Socrates was charged with failing to recognize the gods that were recognized by the state, corrupting the Athenian youths, and invention of new deities. Nevertheless, these charges against Socrates were untrue. The term apology in this case refers to defense as opposed to the usual apology used in modern English. Socrates was defending himself in his speech. He recognized his ignorance in most of the worldly affairs, and makes a conclusion that he must be the ...

Gorgias: Socrates, let me ask you, are you aware of darkness?

Socrates: Yes, indeed. I am.

Gorgias: You should be. Let me pose another question to you

Socrates: Go ahead, pray do. Gor: Is darkness the equivalence of nothingness? Soc: Not at all. Darkness is something intangible but it has existence. Darkness has its own value without which there would be no light. Gor: I beg to differ. Darkness is the absence of light, making it the lack of value. This is what I would call nothingness.

Soc: That is where I would suppose you go wrong in your assumptions.

Gor: I make no assumptions but only truths. Soc: Darkness is not the absence of light. I would use the same argument for light and say that it is the absence of darkness.

Gor: How so?

Soc: ...

Plato devotes an entire text to analyze love through Socrates speech. Plato was Socrates student. He was initially a political student before turning philosophical after his master and teacher was tried and sentenced to death after being accused of corrupting the minds of young Athenians. Plato believed that the true aspects of love could lead to proper governance and that the people would live with honor and pursues excellence rather than wealth. Since love revolves all aspects of life including governance, and life being a philosophy in its own sense, it is only wise that he treats love as ...

Philosophy

Plato's greatest and most enduring work remains ‘The Republic.’ Plato called this work as paideia; where the physical, spiritual and mental development of an individual was of utmost importance in constructive, societal development. Plato was a man filled with faith in human nature. Plato’s philosophy of human nature doing evil was that a person only does evil in ignorance, for he believed everyone, just as himself wanted only what was good. The source of someone doing evil is brought about by unlimited desire. In Book 3, part 405a to 406e, Socrates yearns for an honest and disciplined society, ...

Introduction

In ancient times, intellectuals and philosophers such as Plato, Socrates, Euthyphro and Aristotle among many others engaged in intense Philosophical debates about morality, science, sociology among many other issues. The debate between Euthyphro and Socrates on piety or holiness stands out as a classic philosophical argument. While Euthyphro offers different definitions on what he thought piety and impiety were, Socrates refutes them on his own grounds because he wanted to learn how to defend himself and justify acts of impiety filed against him by Meletus (Navia, 2007). The Concept of piety or holiness takes a prominent position in the ...

Individual Morality in Plato’s Republic

While Plato’s Republic is a text often studied for its ideas of justice and society, Plato also offers in The Republic a framework for individual morality. Though Plato’s work begins as an argument between Socrates and Polemarchus discuss individual morality as representation of their beliefs of a well-ordered state, their discussion can be taken and applied to a individual system of morality that still applies as a viable framework for morality today. Plato insisted upon order in all things. In order to have a well ordered state, one needed to have well ordered citizens within the state. ...

It’s just to break unjust laws

Introduction Martin Luther King.Jr was imprisoned as a participant in non-violent demonstrations against segregation. In this letter, he called on all Americans peacefully oppose laws that were morally wrong. However, he urged them to be peaceful. According to Luther, there are just and unjust laws. A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law, or the law of God. On the other hand, an unjust law is a law that is out of harmony with the moral law; it is a human law that is not rooted in eternal and natural law. It is a ...

Summary on Euthyphro's Dialogue

Socrates goes to the court to seek advice from Euthyphro on an indictment by a young man by the name Meletus, who claims that he knows by whom and how the young are corrupted. So by that he refers to Socrates as the one corrupting the young by fabricating the gods of which Socrates knows nothing about because according to him, what he taught was the mere truth which he says the Athenians dislike because he is trying to win people in his own way of thinking. It is at this point that Ethyphro tells Socrates about the dilemma ...

Socrates is well known as a classical Greek philosopher. He is credited as one of the unique founders of the Western philosophy. He is remembered as an enigmatic figure, known chiefly by the accounts of all classical writers. This is well manifested through the writings of his two students, Xenophon and Plato, together with the plays associated with his contemporary Aristophanes. On the other hand, the Socratic problem is the impossible or difficult nature of establishing what information from an antiquity clearly reflects the attributes and views of historical Socrates. Socrates, a main character in the dialogues of Plato, ...

Argumentative essay

If in the "Apology," Socrates appeared before the court with a deep sense of his own dignity, and even more arrogant, Plato’s "Crito" drew us Socrates who fully reconciled with domestic laws and seeks at all costs to obey them, even if they are used incorrectly. The old friend and student of Socrates, Crito, sneaked into prison to Socrates, long waited for his awakening not to disturb his rest. He reported the sad news about the expected arrival of the ship from Delos, after which the death penalty of Socrates should follow. Socrates smiled when he heard this ...

It was personal resentment towards Socrates that brought him apologizing to the Athenian judicial system, than anything else. Socrates was charged for being a sophist for his way to present the weaker arguments as the strongest, and physicalist because he investigated things that lie in the skies and beneath the earth. However, Socrates responds with masterly eloquence. He says that that the most dangerous Athenian citizens are those who manipulate young minds and fill them with falsehoods about “one Socrates, a wise man, who speculated about the heaven above, and searched into the earth beneath, and made the worse ...

3 Short Essays

The conversation between Crito and Socrates took place inside the prison wherein Socrates was waiting for his execution. His loyal friend Crito arrived earlier before the break of dawn to tell Socrates to save his life by escaping from prison. By escaping, Crito will keep him as his true friend and will not be accused by people that he did not do what was needed to save a friend’s life. However, Socrates does not care about the majority’s opinion. What he was concerned about is his friends’ would be in trouble from the authorities ...

The fabric of any prosperous political community in the world is bestrewn by threads of peace and social order. The desire for social order and peace catapulted human beings to surrender to some of their unalienable rights, bestowed upon by nature, in exchange for security from the government. John Locke asserts that life in the state of nature was short, nasty and brutish.The war of every man against every man acted as a catalyst for man to leave the state of nature and become party to a society governed by the rule of law. Although the rule of law ...

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Introduction Cephalous defines justice in a basic way “giving what is ought”. Socrates ends the dialogue between Polemarchus, Cephalous and Thrasymachus and Socrates by pointing out the purpose justice plays. According to Socrates, granting justice is creates happiness (Jowett, 1999). Justice is a complex word, why would someone demand justice? In this paper I am going to explore what contribute to happiness and good life and contrast Socrates perception of success and happiness with the modern day realities.

The changing perception of success

Despite the change of times and possibly the thinking of people, the view of life by early time philosophers still reflect ...

Philosophy Journal

“Burnt Norton” by T.S. Eliot This poem is told through a narrator speaking directly to an audience. He warns of living in the present and not to suffer the past or worry about the future, “If all time is eternally” present. To worry about what one has already done in the past, “Down the passage which we did not takeTowards the door we never opened will not help to live well in the present.” (Eliot) To spend one’s time think and planning for the future is also a waste, “Here is a place of disaffection Time before and ...

In this paper, I will discuss the present-at-hand and the ready-at-hand in Heidegger’s philosophy. Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) is a German philosopher who is often thought of in terms of the Existentialist movement in Continental philosophical tradition, but who did not prefer to be classified as an existentialist (McBride 131). Heidegger concerns himself with the deep metaphysical question of being in his book Being and Time — a job he never completed in his lifetime (Blattner 9). Heidegger has an ambitious project in his book — that is fundamentally to investigate being, a project he feels has been forgotten by philosophers ( ...

There are but few philosophers in the history of modern thought that is as important and as far-reaching as Plato. His Republic is justly regarded as the most comprehensive masterwork of his middle years, discussing some of the most basic questions of contemporary Western philosophy. Interestingly, it has set the agenda for many questions in ethical thought, from political philosophy, art, education, metaphysics, and other arenas for philosophical and ethical inquiry. While much of the work appears to be an argument for a perfectly just community, it may also be observed as the greatest argument ever presented against political ...

Introduction

Part One: Essays- each essay should be approximately 350 words.1. John Armstrong outlines seven therapeutic functions to art. Identify THREE of these and explain in your own words what they mean. Then, identify at least ONE of the readings from this semester that you think fits with that particular function. According to John Armstrong, art is a therapeutic instrument, and its prime value can be seen in how well it can exhort and guide us toward better versions of ourselves, so as to live life with greater purpose. The art can improve our lives and here is how: - ...

The theory of recollection is illustrated by Plato in a dialogue format between Socrates and an inquisitive student / slave Meno. The key idea highlighted in the Socrates' dialogue was knowledge is innate and is reminded to the soul through search or arduous inquiry. According to Socrates, all knowledge is known from previous experience, and we already know everything. He argued that from birth all knowledge is present with the soul; the person recalls or identifies the facts from memory when the person is exposed to the phenomenon. The view point of recognizing the knowledge is considered as the ...

Plato's Influence on Medieval Thought

Plato's Influence on Medieval Thought

Introduction

Plato was born in 428/427 BCE in Athens, Greece. He was a Greek philosopher and Socrates’ student. Plato founded the Academy and best known for his efforts in philosophical works depicting unparalleled influence. Building on various demonstrations by individuals like Socrates that those considered as experts in every ethical matter did not have proper understanding necessary for a prompt human life, Plato came up an idea that the mistake were caused by their lack of proper engagement with a class of identities that he referred to as forms. Key examples of these forms include ...

According to Socrates, morality refers to the creation of as well as adherence to the rules which govern the way a human behaves. This behavior is based on the concept of the idea of right from wrong. Therefore, with morality, one will be able to address the human capability to recognize and choose right from wrong. Socrates, therefore, believed that there is no individual who willingly chooses to engage in wrongful deeds. He further claims that no person seeks to cause harm upon himself or herself. In his view, all the wrongs one engage in results from ignorance. This ...

There are but few philosophers in the history of modern thought that is as important and as far-reaching as Plato. His Republic is justly regarded as the most comprehensive masterwork of his middle years, discussing some of the most basic questions of contemporary Western philosophy. Interestingly, it has set the agenda for many questions in ethical thought, from political philosophy, art, education, metaphysics, and other arenas for philosophical and ethical inquiry. While much of the work appears to be an argument for a perfectly just community, it may also be observed as the greatest argument ever presented against political ...

For many years Socrates was an adorable teacher and a well-known philosopher in Athens. However, one of his speeches had an unexpected result on his career and life. At the age of nearly seventy years Socrates was sent to the prison by a court jury of 501 Athens’ citizens. He was accused in atheism, which was mentioned in one of his speeches. At that time the punishment for such a crime was an execution to death. So, Socrates was sent to the jail to wait for his death. While the philosopher was in the prison at the small Aegean ...

The Socratic Method is also known as the elenchic method or elenchus. It involves the use of questions in the process of discussion. The Socratic Method allows a person to obtain an opinion through posing a quasi-rhetorical question. Such a question triggers the next person to think. It provides him or her with the direction in which he or she should think. This only makes it easier for that person to provide answers. The main agenda is to guide the thinking process of a person. In this method, the inquirer dismisses every hypothesis that contradicts itself. Such continued elimination ...

Analysis of “Letter from Birmingham Jail” using “Apology” and “Crito”

The works of Martin Luther King and Socrates show the ideologies of both men in their defense against persecutions made by their governments. In a bid to defend their actions, both authors present their arguments with respect to their particular surroundings. Consequently, as each seeks a form of liberty, there are some likeness, and in some instances disparities, between records of their arguments. In fact, at one point, King likens his condition and arguments to those made by the Greek philosopher. According to King, Socrates urges the Greek society to rise from a “the bondage of myths and half-truths” ( ...

1 . Socrates suddenly awakes and finds himself in medieval France. At a bookstore he buys a copy of Montaigne and reads “Of Cannibals” and “Of Coaches.” Would he agree with Montaigne’s ideas? If so, with what would he agree? With what would he disagree? In writing your answer, be sure to describe Socrates’ (or Greek) philosophy and what was different in Montaigne’s time. Despite the disparity between the early modern Europe and the ancient Athens, it is possible to find some affinities underlying the ideas of Socrates and Montaigne. However, if Socrates suddenly awoke and found himself ...

Question 1

Hebert Marcuse suggests that historically, philosophy has assumed the role of safeguarding the interests of freedom and reason in a world that is relatively unfree and also unreasonable. Socrates can be considered as a guardian to the interest of reason and freedom. He introduced the world to the art of critical reasoning. In many circles, he is often hailed as the father of reason and logic. In an unreasonable world where man is simply concerned with victory over his fellow man when it comes to arguments, Socrates introduced the concept of critical and careful reasoning so as to acquire ...

Introduction

Philosophy is an important discipline which reflects people’s beliefs about what is true or real in accordance to individual values. Philosophy allows people to think rationally and hence determine the right course of action. The Early Greek philosophers were mainly concerned with justifying and answered questions on where everything originated (Rudebusch 2009 p 139). Educators surely need to have a standing point that enables students to understand why they think and act the way they do. Socrates and sophistry are both philosophies that can enable people to understand the logic and fallacies behind different critical facts. The two ...

The aim of this essay is to present you with the answers to specific questions. The specific questions derive from the reading of four (4) specific dialogues of Plato that are included in the first volume of his dialogues. The essay is structured in such a way that each answer to each one of the questions covers the main thematic core of each question. The four (4) dialogues used as the starting point of the following questions are Ion, Menon, Apology and Crito. - In Ion, Ion claims that his skill at reciting and explaining Homer’s Iliad and ...

Book VIII of Plato’s “Republic” revolves around Socrates’ ideas of a flawed state. Written as a dialogue between Socrates and Glaucon then later the former with Adeimantus, the book begins with an explanation of the nature of a true state and true human as discussed in the previous books. Consequently, the dialogues continue with a discussion on four types of governments. Each form of government originates from a certain type of human character. This paper seeks to determine the factors that lead from an oligarchy to a democratic state then later to the rise of a tyranny in ...

Socrates is popular for his shifting thoughts on Greek philosophical ideas about the nature of the universe. Philosophers before Socrates’ time also examined of the problems associated with human life. Nonetheless, Socrates was the first philosopher to analyze ethics as a science. In addition, Socrates looked at the principles of human life from a methodical and consistent perspective. Many critics note that Socrates influenced the expansion of Western philosophy and culture in many ways. In fact, a number of critics believe that Socrates was instrumental in his teachings and such thoughts impacted on the development of Christianity. Arguably, Socrates ...

Plato’s “Apology” of Socrates is perhaps one of the most famous and most important works to have been produced in the classical age of Greek philosophy. Written as a speech in a legal proceeding, the defense of Socrates primarily concerns the philosopher’s justification in breaking the law against ‘impiety’ – for offending the Olympian gods recognized in the city’s festivals and other official activities. Socrates’s charge was that, in the way it was laid, Socrates had been carrying on his philosophical work in Athens long before the event in question. The Apology is a reconstruction of ...

Plato’s primary argument for Socrates to defend himself against accusations of disrespect of the gods, as well as Athenian youth corruption, is that Socrates’ critics are merely scared of him because they do not truly comprehend what he is arguing. The lack of substantive criticism of his work is the chief means by which Socrates seeks to discredit his own opponents. Socrates’ implementation of this defense is quite strong, as his own ability to intellectualize his material makes his opponents look foolish. However, there are still some missteps that prevent it from being a perfect defense, such as ...

Euthyphro defines piety as what the gods love. However, Socrates, who is under the charge of impiety, disagrees with this definition. The argument is based on this disagreement, as well as the definition by division. In this case, Socrates asks Euthyphro to provide another word that comes after piety. Socrates uses this strategy to provide counter arguments on the definitions provided. For this definition, Socrates recognizes that it is of a universal nature but criticizes it on the account that the gods may disagree on the basis of what is good and pleasing to them. In this case, different ...

Plato looks at pleasure as a source of delight and sensual enjoyment. In his work ‘Gorgias’, Plato talks of Socrates, and makes him relay his views. His concept is that things are termed beautiful based on the pleasure derived from them or their use. In the same way, the lack of pleasure from an item determines its lack of beauty. Plato classifies pleasure into two categories. There are those pleasures that lead to good ends, and there are those pleasures that are purposed only for fulfilling desires. Therefore, there are good pleasures and bad pleasures. Plato holds that the ...

The Apology written by Plato precisely presents Socrates’ defence at his trial on charges of corrupting the youth of Athens. He failed to recognize the state gods and invented new deities. Socrates explains in a very plain manner his method and motivation which earned him admiration amongst the Athens youth. He argues that his admiration made some people to dislike him, including his prosecutor. In our modern understanding of the word “apology”, Socrates’ defence is not an apology by any means (Plato 21). Socrates begins his defence by explaining that he has no experience with the law courts, “This ...

Aristotle one of the greatest Hellenistic philosophers of Antiquity originated with the various means of classifying persuasion. The methods are categorized into; ethos that is ethical appeal that functions by persuading through the character of the persuader, pathos that persuades through an appeal to the readers’ emotions. Finally, logos persuade by reasoning and logic. Martin Luther King, Baptist Minister, in a letter from a Birmingham jail demonstrated keen and sublime mastery of these means of persuasion. Martin Luther King’s letter from a Birmingham prison was a response to the writer who had referred to his actioned of the ...

(Insert Institute) The Oxford Dictionary defines philosophy as “A theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behavior” (Stevenson, 2010). Consequently, a philosophical attitude entails the ability of the mind to determine “the vision of truth and reality” (Sorley, 1910, p. 155). History records the works written by philosophers on different societal issues and solutions to the same. Said solutions find basis on a person’s ability to find feasible resolutions to specific problems while keeping in mind the possible repercussions of using the same. Renowned philosophers, such as Plato and Socrates, encourage morality and call for ...

In book 4, at about 433B (p. 119) Socrates defines justice as "doing one's work." What does he mean by that? His meaning on to state the word was that this definition in a way was "laydown and often repeated" in the course of their discussion?

Introduction

The paper aims at explaining what Socrates meant by “doing one’s work” and why the definition was laid down and often repeated. Socrates says that a justice is doing one’s own work. By stating these facts he meant everyone in the town has something that he or she can do. Through ...

Introduction

Individuality and happiness are concepts that are most common to philosophical ideas. It was both defined and analyzed by famous philosophers such as Mills and Socrates. Its relationship to each other may be implied to most of the people since freedom is one of the basic sources of individual happiness. People should always respect the individuality of the others. Individuality may refer to as the principles and ideals in which a person believes, accepts or applied. The concept of freedom and equality are common when understanding happiness and individuality. In this essay, the relationship of individuality and happiness is ...

Introduction

Wisdom has few close, but different definitions. We can say that wisdom is the property of the human mind to characterize the degree of development of knowledge and experience of the subconscious, and expressed in the ability of the appropriateness of their use in society, taking into account the specific situation. In philosophy, this is one of the gauges the degree of knowledge of the world, most discussed, usually in the context of the desire to deepen this knowledge as a specific property of the human intellect. In the religions is the degree of knowledge of the world, this ...

In Plato’s dialogues, there is a particular dramatic setting that sets its literary meaning which the analytically-trained philosophers fail to recognize. The explicit arguments in the dialogues are paid attention to, and the philosophical position of Plato is yet to be determined. Plato chose not to relate his philosophy directly with his name. Philosophers from all around the globe failed to understand the innate philosophy by Plato due to over-generalizations and oversimplifications. The work has been misrepresented, and I believe that philosophers who are trained only analytically cannot be successful scholars on Plato as they must be classically-trained ...

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For a very long time, Plato has been revered as a thinker who laid the foundation of philosophy. His writings have been a source of inspiration for philosophers for a very long time. His questions and wonder over the search of enlightenment and intelligent have been very helpful for those who have ever wished to understand the concept of intelligence. He embarked on a quest for intelligence in order to understand how it can lead to a fulfilling life. Many of his writings have been questioned by thinkers as well. ...