Essays on Socrates

What are the similarities and differences between the trial of Jesus and Socrates?

Similarities Both Jesus and Socrates had defied the then establishment and both the trials took place publicly. During the trials, there was a view in favour of showing leniency but the public revolted against the jury and demanded the death penalty. Finally, the jury had to give in to the demand of the majority. Both Jesus and Socrates were given the chance to justify their acts and convince the jury. This was mandated by the legal proceedings. Both were accused of blasphemy. Socrates was charged with dishonouring the Greek’s God, while Jesus was accused of being made himself ...

Commentary on Plato`s Divided Line. Line is a world in general, which, according to Plato, is divided into perceptible and knowable; something that can be taken but cannot be known, and vice versa. Plato believes that the visible world is in "permanent change" and even in chaos (Cormack 90). Although the occurring phenomenon represent the embodiments of the ideal forms, the forms can be understood only by means of logical reasoning. For example, the idea of ​​a triangle as an abstract object, which "sum of the angles is equal to one hundred and eighty degrees", can be implemented ...

Through the ages punishment as a sociocultural phenomenon has changed its aim and methods; however, the main meaning to community hardly transformed. In some cases, this stage is the only one key chance to get free, prove the innocence by acting on someone’s behalf. However, in the modern world people, as their ancestors, sometimes refuse to renounce their commitments.

Historical context

History of the human world offers a great number of cases, when people were protecting themselves in front of judges, juries and victims, but still unwilling to forsake their beliefs. Nicolaus Copernicus, Timothy Cole and, especially Socrates, are the ...

Schools of ethical thinking in Ancient China

Ancient China had four schools of ethical thinking. These schools include Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism and Legalism. Confucianism proposes that the state must have moral character. This is to inspire virtue in its people. Mohist ethical theory believes in universal care for one another (Skorupski 12). Legalist ethical theory proposes that the state should pursue external goods such as order, prosperity and dominance. It incorporates punishment for crimes. Daoists believe in shadowy presence of rulers. It proposes pattern-based political programs. I believe legalism can best deal with ethical decision and analysis as it’s premised on the rule of law. ...

Philosophy and Logic

The nature of philosophy as, as Socrates put it, a metaphorical gadfly demonstrates the relationship that the discipline has with other academic and intellectual pursuits. The idea that Socrates was attempting to express is in consideration of the role of philosophy in the sciences and the philosopher in society (Plato 2016). This role, for Socrates went well beyond simple academic pursuits, but rather, extended into all aspects of life. In this sense, it is important to consider this metaphor in relation to the conception that Socrates had of the implications of rational thought and the mind's pursuit of knowledge. ...

Plato wrote Apology that covers the trial of Socrates and his oratory defense of his position. Socrates calls himself gadfly, as his full intention was not to prove himself “innocent,” but to file a set of questions to stimulate action in terms of how one ought to think about issues, and what the oratory and written outcomes would be. This deals in particular with how philosophy was developed. Gadfly questions issues and matters to the point of ensuring an outcome of examined arguments, premises and conclusions. The idea is to question those things that can lead to a constructive ...

The law protects children from exposure to violent materials. It is guided by psychological research that has indicated a relationship between aggression behavior and playing of violent video games (Palo Alto Medical Foundation). Opponents of this view, however, see no scientific connection between existing world problems and violent videos games consumption (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry). The question of whether a violent video game increases aggressive thoughts and angry behaviors is, therefore, an issue of discussion. The purpose of this essay is to come up with ideas that can aid in understanding the debate, and then asking ...

A social gadfly - that was the unofficial name of Socrates in Athenian circles. Socrates, indeed, was a gadfly to his peers: he stung with his revealing and unbiased speeches. Even as a young boy the philosopher became considered as the wisest of men. Pythia, the Oracle of Delphi, herself proclaimed Socrates the profoundest philosopher that had ever lived, only to hear his famous words "I know that I know nothing" though (Miles, 2003, p. 165) (Scott, 2002, Does Socrates Have a Method, p. 122). Not believing the oracle, Socrates began to ask other Athenian sages about their lore. ...

What is evil? This word has one simple and basic meaning, but on the other hand, there are lots of ways on how do we understand it. Depending on in which situation we are applying this word to, depends our perception of the sense of what indeed evil is. Usually, we understand evil as something that take control over us, blocking a major amount of our senses or feelings, turning them into a pure strong destroying power. In other words, we are becoming “blind” – physically and mentally. Consequently, the evil is way of getting something through harmful and destroying ...

Socrates is one of the most revered philosophers of all time, with some people even contending him to be the founder of the Western branch of this discipline. Furthermore, democracy is one of the most celebrated ideals of the contemporary world, even though it was born in this philosopher’s home nation of Ancient Greece. Nevertheless, in his lifetime, Socrates saw the decline of the democracy, and logically had many critiques to make with regards to this system of government. Having people take decisions, directly or indirectly, poses many problems, the greatest of which Socrates relates to rhetoric. For ...

Introduction

Plato is perhaps one of the most well-known philosophers in Western history. Even if many people don’t fully understand his ideas, most are aware that he was a very important and influential thinker. How did someone who lived over 2000 years ago have such a tremendous and lasting impact on our culture? By introducing a new way of seeing the world that revolutionized how philosophers defined truth. In The Republic and The Apology, Plato uses the character Socrates (based on, but probably not an accurate representation, of his teacher) to explain his view of truth, his method for ...

Socrates was, and still is, considered to be one of the most profound contributors to human philosophy that has ever lived. In the end, he was, if anything, a bit progressive for his time. This was reflected in the fact that he introduced many new thoughts and ideologies that ran counter to culture at the time. As such, he was eventually arrested, placed on trial, and set for execution. With many supporters around the region, Socrates likely could have gotten free somehow. This could have perhaps took place via an escape, but he chose no such way out. As ...

DD Month YYYY

in the Modern World There is no denying the fact that humans faces with a lot of hard decisions every day in their life. Moreover, some of these issues are always highly important ones. For instance, the role of the government and laws in the person’s life and environment is one of the most crucial problem nowadays. In fact, people differ greatly towards this issue. Many of them consider that modern governmental rules cannot satisfy everything that citizens needs from them. Others believe that the relationship between person and government is much more complicated one. ...

In order to get closer to the one of the most acute problems in the contemporary society, let’s define the main concept. Considering racism as discrimination against individuals or social groups of people or groups of people, the policy of persecution, humiliation, shame task, violence and hatred on the basis of skin colour, ethnicity, religion or national origin, such people who are who are exposed to the influence of the racial discrimination at once turn into stigmatized ones. It can be called so as there exists a belief the that there are groups of people with special (usually ...

Part 1: Socrates

Question 1

The story of the oracle tells of a situation that arose in Athens where Socrates was rumored to be the wisest of the men that were alive at the time and in the city of Athens in particular. To him, Socrates thought others to be wiser. He especially considered men in Athens of high regard such as statesmen, poets and artisans to be wiser than he was. Specifically, such men considered themselves wise, and the society accepted this fact for truth since they were policy makers and the creative minds in the society.

The controversy began ...

Adeimantus intervenes and said that being a ruler is unfair since there is no official approval of wealth or a will, no time to travel to a place of your choice, keep your lover happiness or perform actions that brings happiness to the people being ruled.

Socrates argues that their main objective in transforming this city is to make everybody in the city happy and economically productive rather than making only some specified group of people happy in the expense of others. He says that they are guardians and they need to find justice and do away with injustices practices among ...

Introduction

The assumed Socratic problems were solved long time ago. The standpoint of this paper will be opposing beliefs that are prevailing and hence the primary emphasis will be put on the pedantry and lack of creativity of Socrates. Through the reviewing of records and their theme, this paper will be able to bring out the ambiguous character and the teachings of this great thinker.

Over time, there have been many attempts that try to link up the character of this great philosopher Socrates to the decisive turning point of the Greeks spiritual history. To very great extent this ...

What Makes a Society Just?: An Argument for Socrates’s Obligation to the State Against Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Civil Disobedience

In answering the question for Chapter Five of Voices of Wisdom, “What makes society just?” two opposing viewpoints will be considered. The first is from section five of Chapter five which is Plato’s Crito. in Plato’s Crito, Socrates argues why it is more just to obey the state. Socrates accepts his punishment of ...

Introduction

Philosophy aims at creating a better understanding of life, nature, matter, God, and whole universe to us. The paper discusses the three aspects of philosophy such as metaphysics, epistemology, and political philosophy in terms of the theoretical framework laid down by prominent philosophers. The paper includes my own ideas regarding these aspects and also critically evaluates my ideals and the ideals of the philosophers so as to understand the distinction between both forms of ideas.

1. Metaphysics

Metaphysics aims at exploring the reality of everything in this universe and countless theories and sub-categories have developed over the ...

1) Is Al-Kindi a fatalist? Can his position be reconciled with Islam (and if so how)? Based on his writings and teachings, the essential message of Al-Kindi (the earliest known Islamic philosopher) is that of fatalism – in essence, that our lives are conditioned in detail by a series of facts that are immutable and unchangeable. Al-Kindi’s perspective, which he outlines in his teachings, is that we can do nothing to change these circumstances and events, even when they are uncomfortable and painful to us. However, he also argues that we have the capability of joyfully affirming these circumstances and ...

Introduction

The book Plato, Crito is a dialogue between Crito and Socrates who pays a visit to Socrates in his cell sometime before dawn. Crito had made plans to get Socrates out of prison to exile safety. Socrates turns the so many arguments that are presented to him about the plans to have him out of the prison cell. Crito is influenced by what he terms as the unjust death of his friend and he fears that the community will criticize him that he made no efforts to bring to safety his lifetime friend.

Socrates is given an opportunity to escape ...

Philosophy – it is an extremely generalized theoretical vision of the world that has been studying by great philosophers during a number of centuries. These philosophers have set different goals while they research the world and its public order, and while they try to establish their own philosophical worldviews and system of values. The way in which great philosophers understand reality differs from the religious and scientific way of accepting the world. In contrast to religion, philosophy differs due to its rationality, and presence of scientific ideas. At the same time, it also differs from the scientific way of understanding ...

Overview: If dogs are protected under the law, then the same law should protect pigs. Under animal rights laws, a dog owner may not treat their pet dog, however, he or she wants. A person who abuses a dog could face criminal charges. From an ethical perspective, the same should apply to pigs. Peter Senger discusses the reason in Speciesism and the Equality of Animals. He uses the term Speciesism as a bias towards one’s own breed. This can cause a person to over look an animal’s sentience. Is the animal capable of suffering? This should be the question we ...

- In Book 1 of the Republic, why does Socrates think that it is never just for one person to injure another, whether friend or enemy? Socrates begins his argument with the proposition that justice consists in repayment of debts. The general argument was on the lines that one ought not to injure friends. Injuring enemies was considered to be acceptable. It was taken for granted that friends are good and enemies are bad. However, Socrates pointed out that a man can be seemingly good or bad. One who pretends to be a friend may have bad intentions at heart. ...

Carmel: Is it ever right then to harm another person? Say that there is a situation where a person has given his promise to protect a child from harm. And say as the child walks upon a road, lo, a robber comes and puts the child in harm’s way? Would the ethical, correct moral thing to do be to protect the child from harm even if it means inflicting harm upon the robber.

Socrates: Seen from that angle Carmel, this issue is only seen in the half-light. You identify correctly that the man’s promise to protect the child is a binding promise. Indeed, ...

Philosophy is defined as something that is part of a person’s daily life. In ancient Greece, philosophy means love for wisdom, in which people invest deeply on knowledge than in any other matter on Earth. To them, intelligence is the most essential character of a person. One of the products of the great Philosophy is Socrates. Today, Socrates is known to be one of the fathers of Philosophy (Holbing).

Through the years, many definitions of Philosophy have persisted. One of these definitions that have been widely known in the field of Philosophy is the definition of Marcus Aurelius who is a ...

Part one

‘A Modest Proposal’ by Jonathan Swift is about how to solve the issue of hunger. Jonathan begins by describing people who are living in the streets. The streets are filled with starving beggars. Jonathan Swift uses ethos, pathos and logos to make a strong case for his suggestion of using babies as a source of food. He does establish his credibility, and he shows the readers his logic throughout his proposal. He does back up all the points raised in the proposal with hard evidence and facts. He does show how the consumption of infants would support everyone.

Pathos refers to ...

The Song of Songs poem has two voices that must be thought together. The voices within the poem are two women. The first one is holding back to love whereas the second one is giving herself too much to love. The girl must decide if she will marry King Solomon for his money or love a shepherd boy for love. In the beginning, she swoons for Solomon and is astounded in her good fate of marrying a dreamy but on the other hand she is disconcerted when her heart keeps on thinking about the shepherd back home. Her dilemma of having ...

Plato argues that a good life and life do not measure on similar levels. He perceives that a good life satisfies largely than just life. With regard to Socrates apology, the statement receives strength from the claims put forward by the philosopher. The statement appears in harmony with references made during Plato’s dialogues and the Xenophons Memorabilia accounts of the same. As Plato expressed great admiration for Socrates, he recorded the response charges presented during the charges. Raised within his affluent family, Plato would pursue a career within the political system in Athens and emerge within the realms of power due ...

Augustine’s evaluation of his own conduct starts from his childhood memories. He describes his childhood as a period where he was fascinated about learning and trying to understand the speech of his parents. He continues by giving an account of his boyhood then later his adolescent stage. Importantly, was an incident where he stole a fruit, and it remains in his head as an excellent example of malice. At Carthage he was a student, frequently visiting the theatre, was a victim of the lusts of the flesh and was a member of a gang of rowdy students. This is when he read his first ...

The term love has been used in its broadest sense, but, used to refer to individuals who posses tender feelings for the others, and would not want any harm befalling their loved ones. Thus, love being a virtue it is interesting if it can inspire positive action in people possessing it. Phaedrus in Plato’s symposium holds that love deserves more recognition as a god that has significant influence on the course of our lives. He places love in the position of a deity, as old as the earth itself.

On the ability of love to inspire positive action, Phaedrus creates a link ...

Socrates is a philosophical model for humanity that stimulates people’s thinking. Socrates lives in Athens more than 2000 years ago (Chaffee, 2005). During his life, he is instrumental to caution people against the tendency to drift in lives current. Socrates arouses, persuades, and reproaches people’s sluggish attitude towards life. Socrates portrays much relevance in the contemporary world with the same reproach he used to in Athens. People have a tendency to behave in a drowsy and sluggish way as they engage in their daily chores (Chaffee, 2005). One must apply Socrates concepts of gadfly to wake from the shuffling in ...

The Iliad

In history, The Iliad is included in epic poetry’s oldest collection. The Iliad is an ancient poem in which similar with the Odyssey, was argued saying that it was created by a person named Homer. Even though no one provided reliable evidence in relation to the creator of this Greek poem, it was generally accepted that the alleged creator, Homer is a visually challenged poet. This poet was written sometime between eight hundred and seven hundred Before Christ. The Iliad was translated to many languages, which was then used in silver screen and stage presentations and even motivated many untold ...

1. The word “philosophy” means in Greek “the love/pursuit of wisdom” – considering the first Greek philosophers (the Pre-Socratics), what propelled them to pursue a new kind of “wisdom”? What were they unsatisfied with?

The pre-Socratic philosophers were referred to as physiologoi, meaning physical or natural philosophers. They sought to provide natural and rational justifications for various occurrences. The “essence of things” propelled them to pursue new king of wisdom by posing questions such as; where does everything come from? Can nature be explained mathematically? From what does everything emanate? As such, their concerns were ontology, mathematics, and cosmology. They were unsatisfied with the mythological explanations to the occurrences that were being experienced during their time and sought to provide reasoned explanations to natural occurrences.

2. How are the concepts of Lack (Poverty) and Resourcefulness (Resource) pertinent to Philosophy (and Love, according to Plato)? What does the philosopher lack, what resources does he/she have that enables him/her to attain what is lacking?

The concept of love depicts the fullness ...

In Euthyphro of Plato, we are introduced first to a conversation that goes on between Socrates and Euthyphro with an explanation by Euthyphro on his intention to prosecute his father on the murder that he strongly believes that he has committed in his presence. It is clear that Socrates from the start of Euthyphro has one objective in mind; questioning the ones around him and provoking them in questioning their own lives aspects. A good example is the question that he directs to Euthyphro that at first glance looks confusing. The argument clearly states that the morality idea is solely ...

Socrates had ample time and opportunity to escape prison and execution as well as a battalion of friends willing to do whatever it takes to help him. Socrates however declines this very enticing opportunity to regain his freedom. His first reason is that his trial followed the correct judicial procedures. He had the opportunity to defend himself and a vote was cast fairly by the public, which found him guilty.

In his instance, Socrates is bringing about the concept of content justice versus procedural justice3.content justice involves ensuring that justice is served. Procedural justice ensures that the right procedures are followed ...

Philosophy

The great Greek philosopher Plato (428-348 BC X.) was a brilliant student from another major Hellenic sage - Socrates. The basis of the philosophy of Plato - the doctrine of ideas - has been a source of Socratic appeal to the true cognition of concepts that are not subjective (as contemporaries of Socrates and Plato - the sophists claimed), and constitute an independent incorporeal world that exists beyond the world of sense. Plato believed that only in the world of ideas and is the real truth. Son of noble Athenian citizens and Perictione Ariston, Plato led by the legendary origin ...

Socratic problem consists in the precise determination of the contents of his teachings. The nature of the sources that we have greatly complicate our task: Xenophon’s book “Memoirs of Socrates”, the dialogues of Plato, various Aristotle’s statements, and "Clouds" by Aristophanes. For example, if we were to rely only on the work of Xenophon, we would have got the impression that the main Socrates’ interest was the education of decent people and responsible citizens, and he was not interested in the problems of logic and metaphysics. On the other hand, in Plato's dialogues, we can observe a metaphysician ...

In regards to relativism and subjectivism we can establish that holding a moral belief is a subjective opinion, but using the divine command theory can lead us to the conclusion that morality has the possibility of objectivity. Opinions could be based on personal culture/folklore, family history, or media portrayal. Unless one can strip away all of these subjective opinion inducing factors, an individual’s specific morality cannot be objective and most likely won’t be relevant to a large amount of ethical situations. This bias obviously limits objectivity, since opinions are decided by a person’s background and social peers instead of morality. ...

The concept of holiness in the dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates emerges when Socrates insists that Euthyphro ought to have been perfectly informed of what is pious and what is impious prior to filing a murder charge against his own father. Socrates presence at the porch of the King Archon had been occasioned by a case of impiety brought against him by Meletus. The concept of holiness takes a prominent position in the discussion between Socrates and Euthyphro because Socrates wanted to learn of what is pious and what is impious so that he could defend himself in case. Euthyphro was considered ...

Abstract

This paper talks about the Nature of Philosophy and describes in detail the main inquiries of philosophy. An attempt has been made to explain areas that are widely accepted to be ‘main’ and of primary importance. These include the areas of Logic, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics and Aesthetics.

The paper also delves into the approaches used by philosophers to address the numerous questions raised by each specific inquiry. These methods are described with respect to the modules of thinking or actions so used by contemporary as well as age-old philosophers.

The paper then goes on to explain how culture ...

The concept of piety in the conversation

The concept of holiness emerges in the conversation between Socrates and Euthyphro at the point where Euthyphro argues that he is prosecuting his father because failure to do so could upshot in impiety (Le Poidevin, 2011). Impiety here refers to a state of being holy and devoid of wrong. The philosopher Euthyphro finds a basis of his decision to prosecute his own father in the thinking of the gods. According to Euthyphro, it would be wrong to prosecute a stranger who committed the same crime as his father if he would not prosecute his relations. It is in this position that he ...

When Socrates was asked to suggest an alternative to his death sentence, he said he should be given free room and board for life, just like the Olympians.  Unfortunately, the 501 jurors deciding his case didn’t agree, and Socrates was executed by poison in 399 BC.  The charges? Corrupting the youth and not acknowledging Athen’s gods. 

No doubt the charges were trumped up and Socrates was executed for his radical philosophies that criticized the practices of the Athenian elite and attracted a following that included throngs of youth.  He saw politicians as corrupt, full of ...

When a new technology is created, there are always people who believe it is a good thing and there are people who believe it is a bad thing. It is not surprising that people today have the same feelings about the Internet. Some people who use the Internet daily wonder if it is having a bad effect on our minds. For example, Nicholas Carr writes about the Internet’s bad effects in his July 2008 article in The Atlantic, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?.” The Internet can be bad for people, but it is a choice people make if it will be bad ...

Understanding oneself is the way to happiness. Philosophy as taught by Socrates helps people turn inwards and in the process better themselves. Socrates apology is an account of the speech he made in a trial when he was being charged with not recognizing the gods that the state recognized. Instead, according to his accusers, he invented new gods and corrupted the youth in Athens. This speech is, however, not an apology as the modern meaning of the word suggests. The word apology in the speech is derived from the Greek word apologia that means a speech made in defense of, therefore, ...

Keys Ideas by Aristotle

The idea of causality, Aristotle “Four causes” theory shows us the different reasons for the existence of something. The four causes allow us to define what material cause is, the efficient cause, formal cause (essence) and final cause (purpose). On the subject of primitive soul, Aristotle imagines the relation of the body to reproduction and nutrition (Green, 2005). In addition, he puts his focus on the immense field of the sensitive soul. Scientists in shaping their explanations about the origin of the universe apply this theory. On the contrary, theologians apply the same theory in justification of God ...

Me: Hi, Socrates! I have a question and its bothering me.

Socrates: What is it that’s bothering you and that you want to examine? Me: Do men have free will or are they determined? Socrates: Let me clarify first from you what you mean by free will. Me: For me, free will has something to do with our desire to do what we willed even when there are internal or external constraints. Likewise, free will is the unrestrained ability of an individual to make conscious intentions, decisions, and other human choices, which refer to preferences or alternative courses of action.

Socrates: You mean doing what one wishes to do and doing it to the end?

Me: Precisely! Doing what one has ...

1) In her essay "The Five Sexes," Fausto-Sternling (1993) argues that there are multiple intersexes that exist between male and female. As opposed to the Western idea of having only two sexes, there are different groups inbetween; hermaphroditic and intersexual people exist and must be acknowledged. In the case of Levi Suydam, an intersexual man who wished to vote in 1843; since he was considered a woman, he was initially barred from voting, since women could not vote at that time.

Fausto-Sternling's primary argument is that there are many biological instances of the intersexual body that exist ...

In Plato's Justice from the ``Republic,'' Thrasymachus believes justice is ``really the good of another, the advantage of the stronger and the ruler, and harmful to the one who obeys and serve (Westphal 45).'' This was because he believed that a just man doesn't profit as much as that of an unjust person. A just man follows the law and does good but he ends up being at the losing end if compared to an unjust person who in simple terms end up the one getting the guns, the gold and the glory. That ...

As an essential milestone not merely in the Ancient Philosophy’s history, however correspondingly for the determining of the theory of western politics, contemporary principles, distinctiveness and responsiveness, the Apology by Plato has been for several years a rudimentary book in the prospectus of conformists, historians and academics. As this paper goes to demonstrate, the Apology ought to be observed as an indispensible manuscript for those who target having an Ancient Greek knowledge of philological and philosophy Within the preceding years, a few moralistic methodologies and primers to Plato’s discourses for the usage of Philosophy as well as Classical ...

Socrates, being an ardent thinker he was, uses every statement that Meno says in disapproving him and refusing his answer. In each instance, he introduces something else and thinks through it together with Meno. He asks relevant questions according to what Meno gives out as a definition of virtue. In this analysis, two of the definitions that Meno gives as definitions of virtue are analyzed. This includes the second definition where Meno defines virtue as the power to rule over others. The third definition given by Meno is the power to acquire subtle things. In both cases, Meno genuinely strives ...

English

Very often the books that we read may touch upon the same problem, even though they have a different plot, were written in different time and have some other considerable differences. We are dealing with two ingenious pieces of American literature that have different plots, but that are similar in some ways. These books are “Iron John” by Robert Bly and “Way of Peaceful Warrior” by Dan Millman. Both of these books touch upon the issues of self-development, manhood and making dreams come true. “Iron John”, a work by an American poet Robert Bly, was written in 1990 and ...

Abstract and Introduction

Ethics is one of the oldest fields of studies. Its roots can be traced back to as early as the time of the ancient western civilizations. In this study, we try to answer several questions about the correlation and importance of the genesis of knowledge (about ethical theories and thoughts, in the western civilization) and of history, in the present day study of ethical thoughts and theories. The author of this paper has developed the notion that ethics (and morality for that matter) is a continuously evolving field of study, and is therefore a product of evolution; and this is what ...

Thucydides wrote about the desire for power by the human beings as one of the human natures that has existed among the Greeks. This human nature existed even in the ancient Greek especially among the Athens. His arguments have however supported in Plato’s argument has they appear in the Plato’s Apology (Farrar, 1988). Some of the other aspects of human nature that have formed the backbone of Thucydides’ quest to give an explanation as well as interpretation about human desire for power include judgment, passion, chance and desire for security (Connor, 1984). The Athenians appeal to these ...

Section 1- Primacy Source Reading

Part 1- Hammurabi’s Code Hammurabi’s Code is a set of 282 laws. It was written in approximately 1790 B.C. and is one of the earliest sets of law known to man. The code was enacted by Hammurabi, a Babylonian King. The physical code itself was discovered by archeologist Gustave Jequier in 1901 in modern day Iran. The code is carved into large rock slabs, called steles, standing roughly seven feet tall. The laws of Hammurabi’s Code were clearly inspired from the idea of “an eye for an eye”. For example, law 195 states that if a son ...

The aim of this paper is to understand the assertions and debates regarding the escape of Socrates as he was considered for death sentence by the authorities of Athens. There are a number of dialogues that were noted in the history which clearly allows the readers to understand the severity of the situation. Socrates believed that he was eligible for the ruling that was undertaken by the law against him. Crito makes an assertion that it would have been critical if he would not have saved his friend’s life. Crito wanted Socrates to escape so that everyone could ...

In Plato’s Phaedrus, Socrates describes the correct method of deliberating about a subject under consideration. Socrates, while talking to his friend Phaedrus, contends that to deliberate accurately about a particular subject the first and foremost thing one should do is determine vividly and without any ambiguity the subject that he wants to deliberate upon. Socrates remarks regarding the right way of deliberating as, “If anyone means to deliberate successfully about anything, there is one thing he must do at the outset. He must know what it is he is deliberating about otherwise he is bound to go utterly astray.” If ...

CITIZENSHIP FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Applied Research Project (Proposal Defense)

Introduction

Developing countries of the world today are facing unprecedented challenges in attaining sustainable development. Many developing countries are plagued by issues such as poverty, population growth, terrorism, dearth of qualified teaching staff, and territorial conflicts. To find a solution to this, many economists have devised various strategies both at the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. Many people around the world will tell you that fossil fuel is Saudi Arabia’s greatest natural resource, but they are wrong because the children are the greatest resource. An excellent education of Saudi Arabian children is the key to ...

Photography embraces various aspects of Art, which affirms that it is a form of Art. Artworks virtually develop their ideas through photography. It is apparent that photography employs high levels of Artistic elements and expertise. Furthermore, photograph conforms to the philosophical definitions of the art proposed by popular philosophers such as Socrates, Tolstoy, Wilde and Plato among others. The paper analyzes the concept of photography in line with the argument that photography is an Art. The philosophical beliefs argued by popular philosophers such as Socrates, Tolstoy and Wilde firm that photography is an Art. Socrates argued that Art is ...

Introduction

Each and every education system in the world is designed to suit the explicit desires of the ruling class and regimes. Evidently, there are nations whose major goals that shape their education towards the pious person. This scenario could be the opposite for other nations whose main goal of education is geared to war-like informed individuals and graduates. Other governments concentrate their systems to produce the industrious man who loves quality in all dimensions that is, taste, character and knowledge.

In reality, Socrates identified four regimes that are revolutionary and dependent on each other with time. These are Timocracy, ...