Essays on Hume

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper was published in 1892. The story introduces a candid female protagonist who’s isolation from society, and from her writing, drives her insane. Written from a first person perspective, the story allows the reader to become personally involved with the narrator. Gilman uses symbolism throughout the story, two examples of which are the wallpaper and the wallpaper pattern. The story reveals interesting clues about how mental illness was treated at the time, and how women in particular were repressed by society. Through the use of a first person narrator and symbolism, Gilman ...

In the mid-nineteenth century classical school of political economy was in crisis, as its theory was based on the interpretation of cost values and could explain some of the pressing problems of the economy. The weakest point of the classical school was that it was poorly focused on the subject-user, for which production takes place. The opinion of the classical school was confined to the manufacturer. An exit of the crisis was found by the marginalists. This direction of economic thought emerged in the last third of the XIX century in the center of this system is subject to ...

John Locke’s Theories of Knowledge

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding Outline (Bennett, 2004) I. Of the Origin of Ideas

Perception and Senses- Hume detailed the difference between what the mind perceives and how a person actually feels.

Limitlessness of the Human Imagination- The human mind’s capability of imagining has no bounds. II. Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding

Two Kinds of Human Enquiry- The natural division of the human reason.

Relations of Ideas- These are ideas that are already certain and established (e.g. Arithmetics). Matters of Fact- These are ideas that still have room for contradictions (e.g. it will snow tomorrow).

Cause and Effect Relation- This is where all human enquiries are founded upon.

Past Experiences- Hume discusses how the human’s idea of the future is anchored upon experiences from the past. III. Skeptical Solutions of these Doubts- Human’s will only be ...

David Hume was a great Scottish philosopher who argued that there is no substance as the self. He believed that there is nothing such a soul. All this, he argued, was an illusion created by people's trust in the cause and effect theory. He attacks this belief in cause and effect by claiming that what people do is induce. Induction is drawing conclusions from previous experiences. He argues what people use to justify their belief in cause and effect theory owing to inadequate or lack of knowledge of the connection between nature and events. Hume argues against the existence ...

Free Will and Determinism: A Response to the Problem from the Perspective of Three Philosophical Positions

The concept of free will has been essential in religion and philosophy, but this concept has been opposed to a new one, namely determinism, which is the result of years of scientific progress and the discovery of natural laws. Free will represents the capacity to act independently, or to take decisions based on personal wish, regardless of the pressures one is subject to. On the other hand, determinism is based on the idea that all actions performed by human beings are determined by natural laws and different causal factors, and in fact there is no free will. This idea ...

[Class Title] The human species is believed to have come from hominids, a member of the primate family where the human species is believed to have originated from after a lengthy process of evolution. The Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins present this unique history of human evolution through fossils. The exhibition covers millions of years of human evolution presented through innovative displays. One of its notable exhibits is the famous ‘Lucy’ skeleton, which was unearthed in Ethiopia by a joint American and French paleoanthropologist team sometime in 1974. The museum also showed partial skulls of the ‘ ...

Abstract

Do the imbalances in current accounts still matter in today’s deep global financial markets that exhibit two-way gross economic flows that dwarf the new outcomes provided by current accounts? Contrasting the adult perception of the world and complete markets, extreme current account imbalances indicate severe financial and macroeconomic stresses, particularly as was the case in the mid-2000s. The increasingly massive valuation differences in nations’ net global investment standards and positions, as well as risk allocations, cannot be relied upon to offset the variations in regional wealth systematically as implied in the current accounts. The same conditions that warrant ...

There are numerous works that can be reviewed for this paper. In the same manner, there are a lot of people who can be considered as the topic. In this case, however, the one chosen was John Hume, particularly the speech that he gave when he was awarded as one of the recipients of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize together with David Trimble. This speech is remarkable mainly because not everyone gets entitled to receive this prize. It is more than just an honor; it is a product and recognition of one’s life work, a feedback that tells ...

Assignment Title

Free Will and Determinism Are human actions and behavior predetermined or are they self-caused by will? The debate about to what extent humans are free in making decisions and proceeding with their lives was one of the central problems of philosophy since its emergence. Many bright minds pondered on this problem offering different decisions to it. But what is the whole debate about? It would not be so important and acute if the problem stood by itself. However, the consequences of the decision to this issue strongly influence other questions and fields of philosophy. Particularly, the strongest implications are ...

Descartes argues that there are two equal world beginnings, i.e. "mind or mental substance, and body or physical substance" (Philosophy of Mind, 2016, p. 5). The main property of the first beginning is the thought, while the second one operates with the length. Both phenomena coexist in the world, moreover, these two principles are everlasting, and none of them dominates the other. However, Descartes says that God created these substances, which means that his dualism is approaching idealism, as dualism "could be based upon religion, belief in life after death, or belief that people are more valuable than mere ...

Substance Dualism and Materialism: According to Descartes

René Descartes’ substance dualism is summed up in the most famous words used by many: “I think, therefore I am.” This is an indication of how he perceived the mind and the body – as two separate entities. His substance dualism can be summed up further in that, the farther the mind is moved away from the senses, the better the mind can understand the truths around its thinking. Thus, it means that, according to Descartes, the mind is separate from the body. In his reasoning, he regarded the material as separate from the mind. This forms the crux of ...

Psychology

Introduction The use of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing as a statistical tool for research methods in psychology became a center of debate because of the perceived errors, which was associated to the misuse of the method and erroneous conclusion in some of the published scholarly journals. Many scholarly journal publishers particularly those that are specialized in the field social psychology suggests to ban the use of NHST and the Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) acted upon on this call. On the other hand, proponents of NHST argue that the problem is not with the technique, but with the ...

Letter of Transmittal

Richard Albert Sylvester Management Consultant Lamplighters Corporation Ottawa K I P 5B5 Phone: 613-563-1509 www.lamplightres.ca The Right Honorable Justin P.J. Trudeau

Office of the Prime Minister

80 Wellington Street

Ottawa, ON K1A 0A2

RE: Project Suitability Report on the Proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Pipeline Project Dear Right Honorable Prime Minister, It is with great pleasure and honor that I submit this report on the suitability of the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline project. The Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline project proposal by Kinder Morgan aims at increasing the current capacity of the existing Trans Mountain oil pipeline. Currently, the existing infrastructure has a capacity of 300,000 barrels per ...

Every philosopher in the ancient times was concerned with the study of human nature in relation to the environment. Three thinkers used different perspectives of argument in relating the work of God and sufficient reasoning why, how people came into existence and the varying actions they had towards objects. They are discussed as follows; Leibniz was the first German philosopher who existed early 17th -18th century, in his principle of sufficient reasoning he stated that, every action that was done by human had a purpose and a cause and that the existence depends on God’s free choice. He ...

The dispute of free will versus determinism always bothered humanity. There were numerous arguments posed be either side of the discussion, but there still seems to be no end to it. David Hume is one of the opponents of free will and in his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, he explains the "doctrine of necessity" with which he makes his point in this debate. In this essay, I will explain Hume's argument and support it. In his opposition to free will, Hume starts by jumping into the discussion and saying that the whole debate about free will was decided long ...

For as long as there are battles, there are prisoners. The captives are held by the so-called rivals. Out of the prisoners, some escape, others are freed; some are exchanged while others are killed. The outline portrays the situation of Bowe Bergdahl, who was held in captivity for almost five years. The sergeant was released in 2014 in exchange for several detainees in a US Camp in Cuba. Hours after his rescue, controversial stories rose accusing him of misconduct and desertion. Bowe is currently facing charges from the US Army on the account of desertion and misbehavior that can ...

Philosophy Final Exam

4. (a) How does Locke describe the state of nature? Locke describes the state of nature as a logical abstraction developed by man himself. He does not entirely accept it as the outcome of historical developments. He describes nature from two perspectives. The first view sees nature as a free environment where everyone has the liberty to do what pleases them as long as their actions do not have an adverse impact on others. Nature makes every man equal. No man has power over another and everyone is free. Every man has some power which lets him act with ...

Introduction

Radical extremism is a sought after media subject today. However, the real picture is always missing. The entire world focusses only one type of radical extremism. The world chooses to forget that there is yet another type which is far more dangerous. The callous campaign of the Crusaders in the Eleventh Century destroyed the peace in the Middle East and is responsible for all the animosity towards the West from this region. Yet, European scholars at the time did not document the massacres or acts of cannibalism by the Crusading armies. Similarly, while the Western media is busy covering ...

Worshiping celebrity heroes is a worthwhile activity. Discuss

As far as it can be remembered in the history of the world, human beings have worshiped others who seemed to be bigger than the general public. Apparently, such “larger than life” people have sought for inspiration, as a way of running away from the routine, ordinary lives, as well as hope. In the current day, in the U.S., people have taken this practice to a higher new level. For instance, the social media such as Twitter and Facebook have greatly driven the fascination of wishing to know more about the lives of the celebrities (Cashmore, 2006). Notably, some ...

Descartes, Hume, and the author of Ecclesiastes express some form of skepticism. From their reading and arguments, we understand the extent of their skepticism and how they differ. In this paper, we will express the form of skepticism from Ecclesiastes, Descartes, and Hume. We will proceed ahead to illustrate how their skepticism differs. Moreover, we will provide insight into the different problems that the three philosophers are trying to confront with their respective versions. Furthermore, we will give viable reasons why Descartes version is the most plausible compared to the arguments of other authors. Furthermore, there might be a ...

The question of whether we should trust our sense comes to us from the ancient times. Since the beginning of philosophy and thought, humans wondered whether the world is the way they see and experience it. With the advancements in philosophy, such doubts even framed out in a separate field of thought. Many thinkers were very skeptical about the contrast between the world as we perceive it and the way it really is and what role do our senses play in the process of perception and understanding. Descartes and Hume are two of the most prominent philosophers whose views ...

Philosophy

Explain the connections between pleasure, contemplation, and judgment in aesthetic appreciation. Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy; it is type of quality hypothesis or axiology, which is the investigation of sensory or sensori-passionate qualities, called judgments of sentiment and taste. Aesthetics is connected with the logic of art. Style is once in a while called "the investigation of magnificence". Judgments of aesthetics esteem depend on our capacity to separate at a tactile level. Aesthetics looks at what makes something wonderful, glorious, appalling, fun, adorable, senseless, enthralling, bombastic, empowering, grating, agreeable, exhausting, comical, or disastrous. Tactile separation is connected to ...

Ever since the artists and publishers of the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris were assassinated by the Islamic Extremists, France has been on a maximum security threat level. Several arrests have been made, but the vicious circle continues. When Charlie Hebdo exposed its first cover after the attack that left several of its staff members dead, another debate has sparked as to how far the boundaries can be pushed when it comes to freedom of expression in images. It is essential to know as to who draws those boundaries and how those boundaries get drawn (Charlie Hebdo attack ...

According to David Hume, the essence of justice is vital to the success of any society. David Hume also asserts that certain benefits associated with justice usually arise from that basis that it may be superfluous, particularly when individuals implement initiatives to develop its proof (Hume 10). David Hume also believes that the primary origin of Justice is social utility. The benefits or advantages of justice in his opinion are founded on virtues. He is also of the opinion that stakeholders should engage in in-depth inquiry of virtues as the foundation of the benefits of justice. From a personal ...

Wallace Carothers

life and Education of Wallace Carothers Wallace Hume Carothers was born on April 27, 1896. He was born in Burlington, Iowa. He was the son of Ira and Mary Carothers, and was the oldest children in the family. When he was five years old, his family moved to Des Moines, Iowa. There he studied in high school. He started showing interest in science during high school years and started reading the scientific literature. During his studies, he liked to play with different tools, instruments, and other mechanical items, and liked to spend time in experimenting. He used to have ...

The justice system within the United States is focused on the development of a court system that is governed by a series of judges. Judges serve at either the local, state, or national level in a variety of capacities, and to varying extents. The highest court of a state is the Supreme Court, while the same title is given to the highest court in operation in the country. As judges at this level are not permitted by rules of etiquette to engage in political activities, it is not generally known which party each belongs to.

Currently, California has seven sitting Supreme Court judges. Their names are:

Tani Gorre Cantil-Sakauye Kathryn ...

Rene Descartes’ Discourse on the Method is one of the most important philosophical texts of all time. In it, the philosopher attempts to determine how he should correctly determine his lines of logic in order to ascertain truth. He believes that this may only be possible when one puts into question the judgments and prejudices that one has formed across one’s life. These jumps in logic are usually kept uncontested throughout one’s life, leading reasoning astray. This skeptical method is necessary because these preconceived notions lead thinking astray, making it jump to answers that are not necessarily ...

1. In the Meditations, Descartes makes a clean sweep of his beliefs and begins again. Explain Descartes’ critical application of his method of doubt and the way he builds knowledge on a new foundation. Can Descartes’ rationalist account of knowledge of external objects withstand the criticisms of Locke’s empiricism? In the end, which epistemological account is more plausible, Descartes’ rationalism or Locke’s empiricist account? Explain. (70 marks) The critical application of Descartes' method of doubt puts all ideas or beliefs into doubt in order to establish a new grounds for reasoning. He begins with skepticism, but attempts ...

Contrasts

Georgia gold rush, which took place in the early nineteenth century, had various attributes, which governed the way the gold enterprise took place. Among the different aspects included labor, social, political and economic characteristics, which were vital for the stability of mining.in this regard, this paper will compare and contrast political and economic attributes that gold miners in Georgia experienced mining and trading in gold merchandise(Bryan 398). Apparently, political associations were formed by the natives who occupied the gold belts and held the land as their ancestral land. Natives were known as Cherokees.in contrast to economic forces that ...

Philosophy

1. Be able to describe and explain the three positions in answer to the question, “Does God exist?” Theism- it is the belief that God exist proposed by four arguments: ontological, theological, moral, and cosmological. It is based on human reasoning and the physical evidence that necessity is there for God’s existence. Atheism- it is the lack of belief in God’s existence based on the empiricism and rationalism. It argues that it is not rational to believe in the existence of being that cannot be proved by scientific evidence. Agnosticism- it is the denial of the knowledge ...

Socrates was charged with denying the gods’ existence and perverting the young. Interestingly enough, he admits having committed a crime, while believing he has done no harm. Also, the fact that the he has annoyed people amuses him; therefore, he enjoys the position of a hell-raiser in the society.

What is the Euthyphro Dilemma? Why is it important for ethics?

Identifying the essence of Piety constitutes the Euthyphro Dilemma, as well as the objects of the gods’ love and the reasons for the love. It is relevant in terms of ethics, we would not be able to discriminate between the good and evil and what reasons lie behind people’s ...

Philosophy

Introduction Early modern philosophers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries thought that the semantic content of our thoughts is a function of the contents of our ideas. They assumed that knowledge of the world requires a kind of thought, namely ‘justified true belief’ (Wang, 2012). In this regard, they broadly disagreed over what cognitive faculty or source provided our ideas with the type of content that generated justified true beliefs. A dominant concern during this period of intellectual enquiry was hence involved in locating the faculty which is the source of contents of ideas that led to justified true ...

Hume defined the problem of the being and spirit as unsolvable ones. In fact, he denied the objective nature of the concept of causality and substance. He developed the theory of association of ideas. In ethics he developed the concept of utilitarianism, where the reason has no influence on human actions, in the political economy Hume revealed shared labor theory of value of Adam Smith. The doctrine of Hume is one of the sources of the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, positivism and neo-positivism. Criticizing intellectualism, Hume seeks to demonstrate that he was not able to see or explain the ...

Response 1.

When people believe in the fact that all knowledge is a resultant of experience and in particular sensory experience, they tend to base their ideas on empiricism. According to a group of philosophers who are British, the notion of innate ideas that asserts that every idea was came about as a result of experience. Empiricists are those individuals who claim that experience is the origin of all knowledge. Hobbes was a mechanist empiricist as well as materialistic since he asserted that all activities of human beings were in due course reducible to mechanistic and materialistic. Also, Hobbes believed in ...

Genuine philosophical thoughts from great individuals have evolved through time. Whereas the accepted philosophies of today’s generation are great, these thoughts are rooted from the minds of early philosophers where their insights have been corrected through time. The Sophists views and the perspectives of Socrates were one of the first genuine philosophies from the early civilization of humanity. Although these concepts are vague and illusionary nowadays, they have been an integral part of the evolution of the human philosophy. The views of the sophists are the first philosophies that flourished in the early part of the civilization around ...

Philosophy Questions

Philosophy Questions

Compare and contrast the views of John Searle and Rene Descartes on dualism.

For Rene Descartes’ dualism is Spiritual; for John Searle, it’s Physical. Descartes believes the mind has consciousness and with that power we can say that the ‘seat-of-intelligence’ belongs to the brain. He also believes that through this we acquire self awareness, but for Searle, consciousness is not only because of the brain. Though brains cause consciousness, he points out that the brain is not the only thing that can produce consciousness. He even states that if ever we built an artificial machine that has consciousness. it further proves the point. He also says that the relationship ...

The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment are best understood as conflicts between faith and reason. This statement is accurate because this time period began the separation of church and state and opened the floodgates for science to begin to become more important in society in the future. While it took some time for science and religion to completely separate, and it did not happen until much later, the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were extremely important because they created the conflict in the first place. While this time did not completely separate reason and faith, it began to encourage people ...

Philosophy

Introduction to Philosophy 1. What are the three major branches of philosophy and what questions do they deal with? The three major branches of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, logic and axiology. Metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality. Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge. Logic is the study of the nature of arguments, while axiology is the study of the nature of value, indicating what is good and what does goodness mean. 2. Discuss the value of philosophy. Every human being lives on the basis of an overarching philosophy, whether through rational analysis or ...

Introduction

Politics is an interesting phenomenon that has been around since time immemorial. However, the scientific approach towards understanding politics may have emerged recently when its study was institutionalized and made as an organized discipline. Most scholars believe that politics, as a science, started in the United States somewhere in the 20th century (Berndtson, 2009, p.1; Easton, 2012, p.134). As observed, “political science as an academic discipline was first established in the United States and that it was only after the Second World War, when politics was made a separate field of study at European universities” (Berndtson, 2009, p.1). Many ...

Appealing to Audience: The Analysis of “Two Broke Girls”

Introduction For the last several years the television has been on the rise creating a product that can easily compete with the big screen movies. The quality of the TV shows increased exponentially and, in the result, it became easier to target the audience in every segment. At the same time, the competition became severe in this sector and the media majors try hard to stay relevant. Nowadays, it is possible to find a TV show that appeals to all categories of viewers from cultural as well as social perspectives. The studios realized that a smart targeting of “their” ...

I am writing about the question of the possibility of knowledge. In order to do this, I will use works by Rene Descartes and David Hume. Descartes believed that knowledge is possible due to the thinking mind. Hume believed that knowledge is possible from sensory experiences that are impressed upon the mind. I will be arguing for Hume over Descartes

Descartes’s theory of knowledge is essentially based ...

Naturally, societies condemn murderers and advocate therapy in case an individual contemplates suicide. Both actions preserve a life that is not only precious but also considered a gift from God. By extension, even atheists conform to the cultural norms that render lives susceptible to God’s will alone and never to that of a human being. With that in mind, individuals avoid the question of euthanasia or mercy killing where people opt for suicide or voluntary murder when their lives become unworthy. It is plausible that most individuals who seek euthanasia have incurable diseases that cause them immense pain and suffering, but ...

Passion is a strong and powerful emotion that drives us to further achievements and gives us a sense in life. Life without passion would probably be just a meaningless existence. Emotions have always been a subject of discussions by different philosophers. Such thinkers as Plato, Descartes and Spinoza analyzed passion in different ways and provided their concepts of passion. Passion has been categorized in six categories. These are hatred, wonder, hatred, sadness, and love (Descartes on the Emotions). When I read a book, I dive into a new, unknown, and undiscovered world. A book makes me worry about the character as if it is my ...

Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Psychology Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Introduction

Parents tend to think that behind every baby’s gurgling is a mind that knows no awareness of its environment and that the collective movements and responses are part of meaningless gestures. However, scientists are beginning to unfold the long-standing question of whether babies can understand words and actions before they can learn to speak. This question of infant’s causal understanding and its development will be the focus of this study. The study aims to explore the origins and how an infant’s perception of causality develops. The importance of understanding causality ...

Introduction

In the past two decades more and more countries of the world have considerably reduced tariffs and quotas and liberalized their foreign policies to allow free imports. Businesses have established not only marketing offices but also production units in foreign countries. The employees of multinational corporations belong to different religions, cultures and ethnicities. The way people greet each other, the importance given for time, the value attached to personal relationships and the emphasis on mutual trust are different in different cultures. The market for goods and services in various countries is vastly different depending on the local culture and ...

Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Psychology Infant’s Causal Understanding Development

Introduction

Parents tend to think that behind every baby’s gurgling is a mind that knows no awareness of its environment and that the collective movements and responses are part of meaningless gestures. However, scientists are beginning to unfold the long-standing question of whether babies can understand words and actions before they can learn to speak. This question of infant’s causal understanding and its development will be the focus of this study. The study aims to explore the origins and how an infant’s perception of causality develops. The importance of understanding causality ...