Essays on Accounts.

John Hopkins Hospital is found in Maryland, USA and opened its doors more than a century ago. It was founded by a merchant named John Hopkins. He started the hospital as way of helping the poor in Baltimore, by giving charity as well as providing health care for those able to pay. He left behind resources required to carry out the following tasks: To care for the patients in the best way, Search for knowledge to advance the care, and Train and equip the next generation to take on these duties in the best way possible (Greaves, 2006).

The hospital trains ...

Question 1 In the mid 19th century, after the Second World War, Jews in the Arab countries faced the gravest ever case of human rights violation. The Arab regimes in the Middle East and northern part of Africa forced Jews to leave their homes or be held like political hostages. The Arabs came up with official statements that completely subordinated the Jews and threatened their civil, political, economic, and human rights. These actions contradicted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Part II and Article2.1 of the covenant states that “each state party to the present ...

The State Of Unemployment In Colombia And Its Economic Effects

1. Country and economic concern selected with brief explanation for choice: Latin American countries have been undergoing testing times in terms of economy and public welfare. Colombia is one such country that is facing severe challenges with its economy. One of the most pressing issues facing the country of Colombia is that of unemployment. Colombia is probably best known for its drug producing mafia. Its infamy impacts tourism and trade, despite Colombia being the second largest producer of coffee in the world. The unemployment, especially among the youth, acts like fuel to the fire with regards to Colombia’ ...

In a building and construction business, proper financial management is essential for the smooth of running of the business and achievement of profits. The essence of financial management is in proper record keeping. The table below shows the basic records that are a must in any business, the person responsible, frequency, review process, and why the record.

RECORD

PERSON RESPONSIBLE

WHEN TO BE PREPARED (FREQUENCY)

REVIEW PROCESS

WHY YOU NEED RECORD

Petty Cash

Accounts Clerk

Weekly

Manager reviews the petty cash system on a quarterly basis so as he can balance and reimburse money in the office.

Certify that minor purchases not ...

The organizations procedure for job costing will follow a predetermined process to ensure efficiency and timeliness.

The initial process in the job costing procedure will be the identification of the levels of directs costs that are attributable to a particular project. The procedure will involve making actual records of the estimated labor and direct materials costs. In costing the direct labor used by the business for a particular project or for a particular period, the business will make estimations on all the associated costs of labor and prepare a labor projection sheet. This will be used as a benchmark upon which actual costs incurred will be compared. The recording of the actual costs incurred by the business relating to ...

Debtors’ system

The debtors’ system will be the responsibility of the business accountant.

The debtors’ system will be used to develop debtors’ records at the end of each month.

The debtors’ system will be reviewed at the end of each month to ensure that the level of debtors is within the business allowable limits and to ensure that the risk of bad debts is minimized.

Cash book

The cash book will be the responsibility of the accounts clerk.

The cash book will be reconciled at the end of each working week and reconciliations with cash in hand and cash in bank made. ...

The estate plan is intended to reduce the amount of both federal and state tax payable on the gross estate of the clients. The estate plan seeks to develop efficient gifting plans by the clients to specific beneficiaries and effectively reduce the amount of tax that is payable from the gifting plans to the minimum. The estate plan should enable Rich distribute his estate to all his beneficiaries without any conflict of interest arising from the remarriage of his wife after his death. The estate plan seeks to revise the client’s will to be more effective and ...

Debtors filling system will be the responsibility of the accounts clerk and is prepared when the business is preparing and updated on a weekly basis. The records are prepared and recorded in the debtors’ accounts. The debtors’ accounts may either be debtors’ receivables or the debtors’ payments accounts and this is determined by the payment method of the debtors. The accounts are usually reviewed either on quarterly basis or annually depending on the volume of work carried out by a business. They may also be reviewed when an audit is being carried out and this has no specific time, since it ...

Marcia Lorry, a young civil liberties attorney in the year 1973, challenged the operations of the foster care systems in New York by filing a very controversial law suit against the system. The case later became known as the Wilder case. The young attorney based the law suit on the argument that the foster care was not protecting the children under its care as it was supposed to because the system used a categorization procedure based on convenience and not on the needs of the children. The plaintiff of this controversial case was a thirteen year girl named Shirley Wilder. She was a runaway ...

Contactless payments such as the use of near field communication (NFL) have been developing over the last few years and have evolved into reliable and secure methods of payment which are gaining acceptance from both buyers and vendors. The contactless mode of payment uses a short range frequency identification chip (RFID) to transfer data embedded electronically in microchips attached to a mobile device such as a mobile phone or a personal digital assistant or a credit or a debit card. The major difference with the contact based mode of payment is that in the case of contactless payment, the user of the technology does not ...

Introduction The business Fresh Food is a national company operating in many areas across the United Kingdom. It operates in the tertiary sector as it provides a service to customers and does not create or harvest materials. It is a relatively large company and currently employs 460 people and has a turnover of 18 million per annum. Fresh Food sells a vast variety of products including groceries, drinks, baked food and electrical goods such as phone top-ups, lottery tickets, gas and electric cards. There are a large amount of competitors in the market located all across the country; food is a multi billion market ...

1. Company Profile

Thomas Cook Group Plc operates within the tourism and travel industry. The Company owns, operates and manages travel agencies, tour operators and car hire agencies, as well as owning their own aircraft fleet, cruise ships and resort properties. Thomas Cook is known as one of the largest travel companies in Europe.

2. Financial Analysis

The Thomas Cook Group has reported a robust set of results for the 2009 and 2010 financial years despite the uncertain economic environment and the significant adverse impact of a weak sterling pound. Thomas Cook‘s revenue for the year decreased by4% to £8,890million (5% deduction at constant currency).

...

Introduction

Death is the cessation of life or the termination of biological functions sustaining a living organism. Causes of death include: malnutrition, accidents and predation. Death has for a very long period of time been a central concern of the world’s traditions both religious and philosophical. Belief in some kind of afterlife or rebirth has a central aspect of religious belief.

Themes of Death and How They Compare to a Modern Epic of Gilgamesh, the Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the earliest books which are still in use today. The influences of this book are still being seen in many modern works today. ...

Strategic Implications of Information Technology for Pioneer Corporation

Definition of the topic

Social websites are increasingly becoming important in almost all aspects of life, from socializing, communication to business and leadership. Social networking is increasingly shaping the way in which business organizations communicate and collaborate whether inside the organization or with external entities. Social websites provide a good means of connecting with customers, suppliers and even competitors (Sharp, 2009). Advertising, for example is the most important activity through which social networks have increased the profitability of business organizations. Facebook is the major social website which has become very popular among people across all ages groups, and which many ...

In harm’s way is a famous (some would say the definitive) account of the sinking of the USS Indianapolis – which has become one of the most notorious incidents involving the US Navy during World War two, because her sinking led to the greatest loss of life that the Us Navy suffered in a single engagement. Stanton tells the background to the ship’s sinking, but the book stands out because of the first-hand accounts of the sailors who survived the initial attack and then waited days to be rescued. As we shall see some of the sailors’ accounts are harrowing ...

Introduction

Invading the privacy of businesses, institutions, and people, social engineering creates criminal acts using telephones, illegally accessing private information via computer accounts called "hacking", stealing bank account information, as well as eavesdropping are social engineering crimes. Two types of social engineering exist, including, human and technological based (Peltier, 2010). Social engineering uses deception, manipulating people into giving them personal information including social security and bank account numbers (Halles, 2008). Social engineers use tactics to extract private information including appealing to people's vanity, authority, look, over peoples' shoulders while entering pin numbers, and eaves drop. In his article, "Mitigating the ...

Executive summary

In recent years, the issue of corporate governance and ethics has grabbed attention in the light of corporate scandals that have reported since the Enron scandal. Scandals emerge is environment where corporate governance is weak (Knell, 2006 pg 162). These unethical practices start at the accounting department or elsewhere but covered up during preparation of the accounting records of the company (Knell, 2006 pg 165). The possibility of fraud in accounts poses the single most corporate risk. This report will explore Classic Hotels Inc, its structure, internal and external environment and finally zero in on accounting systems and controls ...

Introduction

Aggression is hostile behavior aimed at causing physical or psychological harm. Aggression can be indirect or direct, verbal or physical and active or passive. There are several social factors that cause aggression. These factors include media violence, Stereotype and social identity, threat Collective narcissism, Status, competition and mating motives personal characteristics, cultural factors direct provocation and frustration among others.

When an individual watches media, observational learning takes place. This brings the indication that excessive exposure to media violence increases probability of any individual to behave aggressively. (Barbara etal, 2010). Metaanalysis and reviews have indicated that this effect is ...

Introduction

Organizational change refers to the shifting of teams, organizations, and individuals from the current state of operations to favorable and desired state. It is a strategy by organizations to accomplish a particular goal. Imperial Institute of Administration is an international institution that deals with training leadership and governance around the world. For a long time, the organization has been using the manual accounting system, which is remarkably cumbersome and time-consuming bearing in mind that it is a big institution.

Need for the change

There is need to change the organization’s accounting systems from the manual method of working on the books like the cashbooks, ledgers and ...

Limitations of the Internal Control Systems

According to SA 400/AAS-6 Risk Assessments and Internal Controls, internal control systems can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the objectives of internal controls are achieved because of the following inherent limitations (Ainapure& Ainapure, 2009) Managements may attempt to keep the cost of an internal control below its expected benefits

Most internal controls are directed at usual transactions

There is a possibility of human error due to carelessness, misunderstanding, lack of knowledge etc.

There may be collusion among employees and/ or outsiders. A person responsible for exercising an internal control may abuse that responsibility. Procedures may become inadequate due to changes in conditions. ...

Accounting Cycles

Adjusting Entries: These are entries made at the end of an accounting year usually at the end of year. These are journal entries to ensure incomes and expenses are allocated in the period that they were earned and incurred respectively. The money may not have been received or paid out in the particular period but the expenses and income are accounted for in the particular year they were earned or incurred. This is known as accrual accounting. It is also the principle of matching principle since revenue and associated costs are accounted for in the same accounting period. There ...

In truth, there are many publications dedicated to accounting and its history therefore there is a lot of interest in the accounting process. In addition, it is broadly known that accounting documentations, or their proxies, have been discovered from the era of the pyramids in Ancient Egypt in form of indentations on sticks. However, the most legendary accounting incident in history was the Father Luca Pacioli’s work publication He is regarded as the father of modern accounting and bookkeeping. With the expansion of trade and industry during the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, came the enlargement and augment in ...

New technologies provide people with enormous prospects and allow them to do several things in a more competent, opportune and expedient way. Simultaneously, they present people with harsh and difficult questions when we realize some of the ethical insinuations connected with the assorted technologies the world at present have or are probable to have at their disposal in the future. For instance, a New York Times online edition issued on 11 June 2006 disclosed that human resources managers are increasingly declining job applications because of material they found on them on social networking sites. However, one may appraise this development; it ...

Cognitive Functions of the Brain

The phrase ‘Cognitive function’ in its basic form implies the mental processes of acquiring knowledge. The cognitive functions include reasoning, perception, intuition, creativity, predictable behavior, social interaction with others and problem solving among others. According to Baars and Gage (2010), part of the brain majorly concerned with cognitive function is the cerebrum cortex. However, in as much as we can say that this is part of the brain concerned with the cognitive functions, some of which mentioned above, the brain is holistic in nature (Baars & Gage, 2010). This implies that one part of the brain (for instance the cerebrum) ...

Acconting And Financial Plan For Magical Health Goodies

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

At the initial stages of the business, only one employee will be hired. This employee will act as a personal assistant to the sole-proprietor of the business. The employee will assist in taking orders, delivering them and managing the business.

The decision to hire one employee is advantageous to the business as it ensures that at the early stages of the business the amount allocated ...

The connectivity of a computer to other of networks that allows communication with other computers presents many risks to the computer. According to Kallol Bagchi, (2003), internet security involves mechanisms and procedures taken to protect and secure files and data in the computer connected to the internet against intrusion by other internet users. The internet being insecure mediums of exchanging information presents high-risk attacks which results in loss of data or files, destruction of computer software or access of information by unwanted or unknown computer users. To protect the transfer of date via internet several methods such as encryption have ...

Discipline may be described as the ways, means, and avenues or channels used by the managers of institutions, businesses or other corporations to identify, investigate and rectify or correct misconduct or infringements among its staff in order to ensure compliance to the laid down company rules and regulations. Discipline is critical in the work place; it makes an organization to be cohesive and better able to achieve its goals (Imundo 1993). Discipline can be thought of as observance of set rules that guides workplace conduct of employees. Because there must be cases of indiscipline in the organization, disciplinary mechanism ...

Description of Business

“Magical Healthy Goodies” is a home-based business, selling low-calorie healthy cookies, cakes, and pastries. Business objectives, which are specific clearly defined targets, are the following: starting from December 2010, to increase sales twice by the end of February 2011, and achieve sales of $15 000 in the following 6 months. In order to do this, sole proprietor of the business Ms. Fatmah Hemdan will hire one personal assistant Ms. Alyaa Mohamed, who will be helping with orders, deliveries, and overall management. The business will use social media marketing, namely Facebook group, to promote their products. Social media activities will include ...

Introduction

Computer forensics is a growing branch in the field of computer science and information technology. Occasionally, organizations, big or small, would require an audit of their information systems (Carrier, 2005). This is where the computer forensic experts come in.

This paper is meant to give a clear understanding of some of the tasks involved in computer forensics. Description of activities and tasks involved in investigation, documentation as well as reporting has been captured in the paper. The last part of the paper is a brief analysis of expert witness’s challenges as well as a sample courtroom scenario.

Types of equipment that should be packed in a field tool kit and the rationale behind the choices

The tool kit for the ...

Introduction

Journalists or reporters had in the past wars, scarce information with reference to operations of the military. The military provided neither protection nor any form of assistance to the reporters despite having common roles in advancing information dissemination and enhancing democracy. At most times, due to inadequate communication from the military, the media broadcasted erroneous accounts regarding the operations of the military. With reference to the 1st amendment, reporters have been granted free press rights to enable them inform the public on facts but the military personnel believe that disclosure of some of the classified documents ...