Essays on Sexual Reproduction

Abstract

Research shows that the invertebrates can undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction, for example, the case with the female copperhead snake. Various studies took place to explore the instances that commonly occur in snakes and lizards, whereby the organisms reproduce through the process of parthenogenesis. The essay will entail an analysis of the processes of asexual and sexual reproduction, about the genetic diversity. In particular, a strong relationship exists between the processes of cell division with the common genetic diversity that exists among organisms. Additionally, there will be an analysis of the processes of cell division, and most specifically ...

Human Genome Evolution and Disease

Genome evolution is one of the key aspects that have helped determine the overall position of human beings from a scientific perspective, as it focuses more on providing scientists with an understanding of the changes occurring within the human body (Tomkins, 2016, p.261). The study of genome evolution has focused more on evaluating the changes in structure, otherwise referred to as a sequence, and size of the human gene within a given period. The study provides scientists with a better understanding of the changes occurring within the human body as well as some of the changes that human beings ...

A General Outlook on Meiosis and Mitosis Processes

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Think phases, starting and ending products, chromosome numbers, the purpose of each, and the cell types that complete each type of division. Be sure to do a DIRECT compare and contrast, and write in paragraph form - Mitosis involves one cellular division resulting in identical daughter cells while meiosis involves two cellular divisions resulting in different daughter cells. Meiosis produces four haploid cells while mitosis produces two diploid cells- this ensures genetic diversity by sexual reproduction in meiosis and cellular reproduction and production of general growth products in mitosis. The chromosome number also ...

Q1. Explain the regulation of the cell cycle

Every cell is regulated by particular checkpoints to ensure that the daughter cells are exact duplications. This is to help guarantee that cell mutations are not passed on to the next generation of cells. In eukaryotic cells, there are three main checkpoints. These are points at which cell replication can be halted until certain conditions are met (Boundless, 2016). The first checkpoint is near the end of the G1 phase. It is here that DNA gets evaluated and checked for damage. If damage has occurred, it either gets corrected or gets prevented from moving on to the next phase ( ...

Eugenics entails how sexual reproduction can be restructured. Positive eugenics entails the restructuring of sexual reproduction to enhance sexual reproduction of persons with preferred traits. Alteration of sexual reproduction to reduce the sexual reproduction of persons with negative traits is negative eugenics. Deductively, the case in case study one is a case of negative eugenics because it entails the modification of sexual reproduction to promote the sexual reproduction of a child who is free from Huntington’s Disease, which is an undesirable trait. It would be acceptable for the married couple in case study one to select the sex ...

The aspect of growth is in all living organisms is brought about by splitting of cells. The mitotic division of cell involves separating of chromosomes into two identical sets and hence the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. During meiotic cell division, the cell undergoes various stages characterized by the distinct cellular reorganization (Huskins, 8). The stages undergone by a cell during mitosis start with interface which is characterized by active metabolic activity before mitosis. Prophase is the second phase of mitotic cell division. It is a distinct phase. The chromatin condenses and becomes visible under ...

Chapter 9

Question 1

Binary mission in prokaryotes Mitosis and Meiosis in eukaryotes Question 2 The development of embryos as well as the growth and development of bodies. Important in asexual reproduction. Question 3 The term cell cycle refers to an ordered set of events leading to cell growth and division into two daughter cells.

Question 4

Interphase is a phase of the cell cycle characterized by the absence of cell division. During this phase, the cell obtain nutrients, the organelles duplicates, protein synthesis takes place, and cells duplicate its genetic material (its chromatids). The genetic material is located in the nuclei of ...

Question1

An animal is a multi-cellular organism with cells that are not enclosed in a rigid cell wall. Animals differ from other organisms in two major aspects: 1) through the structure of their cell wall and (2) through their feeding habits. For example, unlike other organisms, such as plants, animals do not have a rigid cell wall. Plants on the other hand have a rigid cell wall. In terms of nutrition, animals are heterotrophs because of the way they synthesize organic compounds. Plants, on the other hand, are autotrophs. Plants are classified as autotrophs because they synthesize organic molecules directly using energy from ...

- The stromal cells that are found in the developing gonads of tetrapods begin from the medulla from the peritoneal wall and the cortex from inter-renal blastema or mesonephric. Hence the gonads have a dual origin. - Spermatogenesis occurs in a syncytial complex because it involves the formation of sperm from undifferentiated cells that are first attached to rachis. Syncytial cell complex or syncytium result when cells with single nuclei fuse to for a cell with nucleus. Syncytial cell complex is vital in oogenesis in that it assists in the differentiation of cells. One other developmental model is vitellogenesis. - ...

Eukaryotes are organisms that made up of cells that have a have a nucleus that is bound by a membrane. They also have membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles.

Similarities

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have DNA as their genetic composition or material. Secondly, both cells are membrane bound. They both have ribosomes. They have nearly the same basic metabolism. Both cells have vacuoles. Lastly, the two cells both have vesicles.

Differences

Eukaryote cells have a nucleus while the prokaryote cells lack a nucleus. Eukaryotes have a true membrane binding the nucleus in the cell, while the prokaryote ...

Evolution of Sexual Reproduction

There are different forms of reproduction, which includes vegetative, asexual, sexual reproductions. Naturally, the question arises, what are the benefits of sexual reproduction in terms of fitness of a species, and how does it compare to other forms of reproduction? Logically, females reproducing asexually are more likely to have twice as many grandchildren and can increase their fitness two folds(Hurst and Peck). On the other hand, by reproducing sexually, both sexes have to invest copious amounts of time in selecting mates, making nests, bringing up offspring etc. In this paper we will try to understand the benefits and disadvantages ...

Lab Report

Materials: Dissecting Microscope, Bread mold Rhizopus( in a square glass sample), Aspergillus sample, a Mushroom, a Lichen, plastic dish, cover slip, Forceps, prepared slide, distilled water, petri dish, razor blade, wet mount. Methods: We gathered all the materials at one place, which included the microscope, prepared slides, specimens and materials for wet mounts. We observed different slides and samples from the above-mentioned mushrooms and lichens through the microscope. We took a small specimens of Rhizopus and Apergillus on glass dish, and the mushroom and lichen on a plastic dish and observed them individually under the microscope. Results: Fungi constitute a diverse taxa that ...

Yeast fungus, more commonly known simply as “yeast” is a member of a larger family of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms like molds and mushrooms. Scientifically this type of group of life forms is known as a kingdom. The broad group of the Fungi Kingdom includes multicellular organisms in addition to the simple single-celled yeast organism. Members of this kingdom are neither plant nor animal. They can be distinguished from plants by their inability to create their own food through the photosynthesis process. . Although some of the more complex members of this kingdom may have a plantlike appearance they lack the green ...

Genetic diversity refers to the changes that occur in the nucleotides, genes, chromosomes, or in the whole genomes of organisms. It necessitates looking at the genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species which is not in the case of genetic variability, which details the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary. Mutations are the changes that take place in the genetic sequence, and they are the principal cause of diversity among organisms. The changes happen at many different levels. They can have widely differing results or effects. In biological modes that have the ability to reproduce, it is a must ...

The cell is the basic unit of all the living organisms. It contains many important structures like chromosomes, which are responsible for the genetic makeup of an organism (Wasserman 111). The cells of an organism undergo a process known as cell division. In this process, a parent cell splits into two or more daughter cells (Wasserman 111). There are two types of cell division namely meiosis and mitosis. It is pertinent to note that, difference is that in mitosis the number of the daughter cells are two whereas, meiosis creates four daughter cells (Wasserman 120). Another thing that differentiates the ...

Differences between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms? What makes them unique?

Angiosperms are believed to have evolved from gymnosperms. A significant difference between the angiosperm and the gymnosperm is that the angiosperms contain large water-conducting vessels in their wood whereas the gymnosperms have small conducting tubes (Rice, 2009). Additionally, the life cycle of angiosperms is much faster than that for gymnosperms. Fertilization in angiosperms may take a few days whereas in gymnosperms fertilization may take up to a year (Rice, 2009). The unique feature that makes angiosperms different from gymnosperms is that angiosperms have double fertilization (Rice, 2009).

Ovary of a Plant

The ovary of plant forms is a part of the female structure in a flower. It ...

Cloning has been a particularly intriguing experiment over the years, involving acutely essential milestones and crucial researches. Many hypotheses have been generated; some accepted and others refuted. On 5 July 1996, a domestic ewe, Dolly was born by lan Wilmut and his colleagues. Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell (McLaren, 1775). Initially, people, inclusive of scientist, did not believe that somatic cell from an adult individual, could be used to generate a new individual through cloning. However, with the emergence of Dolly, the ideology was disapproved, and, it was with clear conscious that genes could ...