Essays on Sovereignty

One of the cornerstones of the UK Constitution is parliamentary sovereignty. Parliamentary sovereignty makes the UK parliament the supreme legal authority in the country that is charged with the role of creating or ending laws. The parliament sovereignty doctrine has stood for a considerable period in the UK constitution. Although it has managed to stand solidly, some constitutional developments have, however affected this sovereignty. The parliament has itself passed some laws that have limited the application of this principle. These laws have been a reflection of the political developments both within and outside the United Kingdom. The aim of ...

“For the time being and notwithstanding the various challenges to it parliamentary sovereignty remains formally intact as a matter of law.” Discuss the above statement. What is the significance of parliamentary sovereignty to the UK constitution and has the doctrine has been weakened by constitutional changes?

Introduction

The principle of Parliamentary sovereignty is based on the notion that Parliament represents the will of the people. The courts have upheld the view of the sovereignty in the past more than 350 years. The above statement in the title refers to the dilution of the concept of Parliamentary sovereignty with the advent ...

Introduction

With the notion of Nation-States, nobility devised certain rules that could be respected by all others in order to avoid conflicts between them. These rules were mostly based on the principle that the princes were sovereign in their land. Their power was uncontested, exclusive and supreme within the borders of their territories, granting them authority over their subjects, the right to give laws, impart justice and even decide what religion should be followed. There was a time however when that concept was not known and rulers and kings asserted their power through terror and wits. Arming gangs or paying ...

Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh,

Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia v. Singapore)
The present decision of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) deals with the sovereignty of three land features located at the mouth of the straits of Singapore, between Malaysia to the north and Indonesia to the south. Sovereignty is defined as supreme power or authority and determining which state has that power over specific locations is a topic within international law. Figure 1 illustrates the location of the three land features, which will be called Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Putech (translates to “White Rock” from the Portuguese and Malaysian, respectively), Middle Rocks, ...

The concept of sovereignty is one in which nations around the world hold dear to the advancement of their international policy. The principles of sovereignty dictate that a country holds unlimited power over the ability to govern itself without outside interference. The advancement of these principles gives the rest of the world powers a peripheral role in determining the destiny of separate nations. While this concept is important in ensuring that countries do not overstep their authority and harm the interests of other nations for the advancement of their own, the applicability of the sovereignty of a nation is ...

The Westphalian system came about because of the peace treaties of Westphalia and Osnabruck in 1648 that officially marked the end of the 30 years war that destroyed a larger part of Europe between 1618 and 148. It is viewed that the treaties did not only end the war but also triggered the beginning of a new international system considered as the foundation of the present-day nation state system based on sovereignty often referred to as the Westphalian system (Zwierlein, 2013. 38, 1, pp. 65-95)
The Westphalian model and sovereignty have been key debated issues since it is claimed ...

1. Overview of Topic
This paper aims at discussing the question of the sovereignty of the British Parliamentary system based on the outcome of Jackson v. Attorney General 2005.According the constitutional provisions of the British legislative system there lacks a clear line between the extent of interference between the House of Lords and that of the House of Commons. The ruling of Jackson v. Attorney General 2005 supports this hypothesis based on the structure of arguments presented by the Jury in giving the verdict of this case. This paper intends to use the outcome of this case to determine ...

Native Americans from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present

Native Americans from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present
The issues that Native Americans have faced since 1865 are largely related to a struggle for survival and relevance in a modern age. Although scholars present considerable differences in estimate of the number of Native Americans present in North America at the time of Christopher Columbus’s arrival in 1492, ranging anywhere from 100 million (Schapp, 2010, p. 367) to 900,000 (Hoxie, 1996, p. 500) people, scholars agree that there was a great decline in Native American population lasting until the 20th century. Factors influencing the decline of the ...

Emma Bonino’s article “The Arab Spring Label is over. The Arab struggle for a better future is not” is an investigative look at the success and the failures of the Arab spring that started in Tunisia in the month of December 2010. Bonino argues that while the Arab Spring would be perceived as a sudden outburst, it was a gradual process of simmering emotions on the people about the authoritarian regimes in Egypt, Libya, Syria, Tunisia and others. However, while looking at what happened in Egypt in the summer of 2013, one can almost certainly argue that while ...

Introduction

The standard theory of Parliamentary Sovereignty set out by AV Dicey in An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution has often been referred to as the ‘orthodox’ theory of Parliamentary Sovereignty, and taught to generations of law students ever since the 19th Century. Dicey’s proposal was later regarded as the ‘basic principle’ of the British constitution: that a statute is to be taken as being the highest form of law within the British constitutional structure (Loveland, 2006, 23). Therefore, this implied that the British Parliament alone, is the sovereign lawmaker in the country, and ...

Introduction

A social movement is a form of group action. In most cases, social movements tend to be informal and large. The groupings of organizations or individuals have a tendency to focus on a given social or political issue. Because of this, they are essentially tasked with undoing, carrying out or resisting social change. The social movements of the modern times are as a result of education. They are also facilitated by the mobility of labor that has increased because of the urbanization and industrialization of the societies in the 19th century. There are several social movements in the world, ...

Like most cultures around the globe that have games, Native Americans are no exception. They play as a past time and as a form of enjoying themselves. According to the tribes, the origin of the games is from their gods. This is because the games were ceremoniously played during the harvesting times, to bring rain, remove evil spirits and bring good health among others.
Indigenous sovereignty entails the inherent authority of a native tribe to govern itself despite the fact that they are found within the United States of America. This inherent power of these tribes has been for ...

Impact of Globalization on State Sovereignty

(Writer’s Name)
(Submitted to)
It is a rather difficult to provide an absolute definition of globalization. However, this worldwide trend can be described as an original, multifaceted, vibrant, multidimensional, and global phenomenon that has various meanings for diverse people and communities. Globalization has brought significant changes and has impacted almost every aspect of life including health and medicine, sciences, IT, etc. It has also provided innumerable opportunities for the improvement of production, output and efficiency (Eberstadt 2010).
As far as state sovereignty is concerned, the phenomenon of globalization has impacted it as well. However, there are two viewpoints ...

Abstract:

China is a most neighboring country in the world. China has close relationship with many regional countries, because of its complex strategic subject. This county of the rising sun has good surroundings of territorial water and many countries would definitely grab those regions apart, so there is a huge problem with its neighboring countries in territory. China has modern problems with border in Northwest to Southeast continental line, with five central Asian countries. The Afghanistan and Pakistan conflicts and India dispute problem; the right side of the V type line is a Southwest to Northeast sea line, with the ...

For a long time, it has been debated whether Islam and democracy can be workable in a region like the Middle East where politics of extremism is dominant. Many scholars think that reconciling Islam and democracy is not impossible; in fact, Islamic values seem to coincide with democracy. It is with the interpretation of Islamists that makes reconciling democracy and Islam difficult. The problem of reconciliation lies in the political and social structure of the Middle East. It is not in Islam itself as a religion.

Undemocratic Middle East

There are several reasons why many scholars claim that democracy in the Middle ...

INQUIRY: As stated in Part IV- Government of the article of correspondence in “Some Fruits of Solitude in Reflections and Maxims, 1682” by William Penn, the obligation that shaped the government comes in many shape, “But 't is Sovereignty, tho' not Freedom, in all of them” , how does one constitute independence if there exist tyranny as expressed in the exercise of absolute Power and Will?
EVIDENCE 1: Base on King Charles’ II letter granting William Penn as narrated in the Charter of Libertie in April 25, 1682, the provision stated that while the people are accorded with certain privileges, ...

There can never be two centers of power; the buck must stop somewhere. This saying is true in the case of state right’s and the union. In order to understand this phenomenon, it is important to look back in time to the period when the union was conceived. U.S. founding fathers deliberately divided sovereignty between the states and the federal government. The vision was that the national and devolved units of government would work together harmoniously. However, this was the recipe for a subsequent power struggles in the succeeding years. The battle lines were drawn. On one side, ...

Introduction

The Cherokee Nation was a very contentious matter in the quest of the United States (US) to expand its territorial domains westward of North America during the 19th century. Although the Cherokees, regarded by the US as an Indian tribe, have asserted their right to sovereignty over part of what is now known as the state of Georgia, they are nevertheless subjected to a series of paper trails by the US government that, in turn, led it to acquire jurisdiction over their lands. It is from that moment where calls for an independent Cherokee Nation grew stronger, yet President ...

Sandra Fisher Martins shows how overly complex language separates us from the information we need — and three steps to change that.
For example, we will say something about Russian in USA. In Particularly rapid and intense process of loss of language occurs in children after several months in an English speaking environment, the children of Russian immigrants (and other immigrants too) start to "forget" their native language, and some even produced a negative attitude to everything Russian, including the language. to
In order to counter this acculturation and transition from Russian to English, parents ( or more often grandparents ) have ...

Introduction

Since early 1970s, China and Japan have been involved in a bitter territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands located in the East China Sea. In Japan, the group of islands is known as the Senkaku Islands, and in China, it is known as the Diaoyu Islands. The Islands, which is 6.3 km² in total, is mainly a centre of controversy due to their strategic significance in terms of economy and security, and their significant political implications. In recent times, the dispute has become such a predicament that the two countries are in constant conflict, which has impeded ...

Whether to rely on Dicey’s doctrine is subjective as there are as many reasons against it just like reasons for. It is a mixture of behavior most likely in line to support the view that, “there is no good without harm”. Whatever the Diceys doctrines hold is as much fundamental to the current constitution. It is therefore important to evaluate the strength of this doctrine in regard to the prevailing circumstances.

AV Dicey just like other scholars like Erskine May played an important role in coming up with British general law. In particular Dicey in his book, An ...

Question one

Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe. Has a wide land that is extremely fertile on its plains, and exclusive industrial parks in the east. The independence of Ukraine is marked by the fall of the Soviet Union that occurred in 1991 since the country became independent immediately after the fall of the union. Since then the country has been looking for exclusive amalgamation with the Western Europe, as well as resolution with Russia (Marten, 2014). Although, Ukraine shares historical origins with Ukraine, the west of the country has remained closely tied to the European neighbors, mainly Poland ...

Literature

Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
Introduction:
Geoffrey Chaucer had skillfully adapted the methodology of frame within frame story telling was a process of storytelling that had only begun to evolve during those times. This method involved the putting together of stories of a number of people. In the main story there is the gripping tale of a group of pilgrims who have taken on the perilous journey together to a pilgrimage to Canterbury.
Among all the story tellers there are a wide variety among which some are of noble birth and a large number who are mere common folk. ...

Lysander Spooner was an American philosopher and anarchist who was an ardent supporter of labor movements in his hey days during 19th century. Born in state of Massachusetts in the early years of the 19th century, Spooner a lawyer was against the set legislation that have been instituted by man in a bid to harmonize the daily life of citizens. Spooner questions the authority of the constitution to bid all the citizens both the presently alive and the future generation to obediently follow its doctrines and practices. According to Spooner, there is no way the future generation should be ...

Chinese and Japanese Foreign Policy Interests: The Similarities and Differences

Throughout Asian history, China and Japan have consistently dominated several fields such as military, economics, politics and development. Both nations are separated by the East China Sea and can be considered similar in terms of its history, culture, and position in the Asian and World economy. However, despite these similarities, both nations have not seen eye to eye with regards to several issues, affecting their foreign relations with each other. Despite the fact both countries belong to different political spheres and hold different beliefs over the issue of territory, sovereignty and economy; the People’s Republic of China and ...

Over the course of these readings, I learned a great deal about aboriginal relations among Native Americans, both in the United States and Canada. In this learning statement, a series of articles will be reflected upon following my reading of them, as well as how they fit into my spectrum of learning.

Duane Champagne’s article, “Self-determination and Activism Among American Indians in the United States 1971-1997” (1997), details the attempts by Native Americans to better their individual and collective situations in the face of rampant discrimination and disenfranchisement. The “Red Power” movement of the 1960s became a powerful ...

Sovereignty

Sovereignty can be defined as the quality of having large supreme and independent authority over a given geographical area, for instance, a territory. Numerous nations give the sovereignty aspect a high priority, in that they tend to do most of their undertakings without wanting outside interference. The recent events of the Libyan government and the dictator in refusing to listen to the pleas of the international community and other countries to effectively quit the government and leave the political scene is an example. The country has the right to do as it pleases with its resources ...

Dicey was an incredibly important figure in the development of the Rule of Law in contemporary Britain. The Rule of Law, in a modern context, has been developed through many different societies; however, the liberal understanding of the role of government and law in British society today is very much the result of Dicey’s philosophical input. Dicey suggested that individuals cannot be punished in any way unless they have committed some sort of transgression against a law that has been established by the rightful government and Courts in the realm. Dicey also suggested that an important characteristic of ...

Consumer sovereignty is the state where the preferences of the consumers determine the goods and services that a company will produce (Heilbroner & Thurow, 1998). Consumers are said to know the best goods or services that will satisfy their needs. The theory of consumer sovereignty follows that the consumers make better decisions about their needs compared to the producers’ decisions. The producers’ success depends on their ability to determine the customer demand for products. Consumer sovereignty is seen as the reign of consumers over the economy (Heilbroner et al., 1998). The consumers reign by determining the goods and services that ...

Nation-States

A nation-state is also known as a country. It is crucial to note that that the term state, nation, and country are used interchangeably but technically have different meaning. A nation is used to refer to a group of people of a given ethnicity despite not owning a country. This means that a nation referred to a given cultural identity of a group of people (Hansen, 2012, p.25). A state can be classified as a form of political authority that is part of a country and constitutes a given political authority. Thus, the term nation-state is functional because it ...

The 2005 initiative R2P entails a variety of principles and norms that redefine the ideal of sovereignty. According to Baylis & Smith, sovereign privileges are not rights of entitlement but responsibilities (1997 P. 394). Over the past decades, several countries have laid claims on having sovereign rights within state interests. This trend has evolved in the recent past following a series of events and atrocities in major countries. As countries, the need to strike an efficient policy to manage a multilateral approach is critical. Multi lateral approaches in regard to foreign states interactions involve having different states engage in constructive ...

Question one – Case study

This case was heard by the Supreme Court at Brisbane in the state of Queensland. The judgment was delivered at Brisbane by Judge Fryberg on the 24th January, 2011.
The judge in the case was Fryberg J. The case was heard on the 2nd and 3rd December, 2010.
The Plaintiff in the case is Ms Mee Wah To, a landlord who owns a parcel of land located at 33 Lisson Grove, Wooloowin. The Defendant on the other hand is Miss Eugene Choi, a tenant of part of the land owned by Miss Mee Wah To.
The counsel for the ...

Question One

Undoubtedly, the terrorist events attendant to the Terrorist attacks of the World Trade Center in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001 provided the instantaneous spark or rather excuse for what has been referred to as the War on Terror. This represented a coming to a head of the development of many theories in security studies to explain the events before and after 9/11. The three theories selected to explain the explanatory power or lack thereof when applied to 9/11 are Realism, Social Constructivism, and Liberalism.

Realism encompasses as a sequence of ...

1. VIEW FROM ABOVE

SUMMARY

The narration starts with a trip on the atmosphere of Bolivia towards Brazil. At Beni, a Bolivian Province, snow and water can be seen covering the whole land surface flowing towards the northern rivers which form some of the tributaries of the Amazon. Countless islands of forests can be seen some of which form almost perfect circles. History has it that before 1491, America was almost untouched. Apart from the Beni’s inhabitants being involved in the building of several infrastructures, they also trapped fish in the seasonally flooded grassland. Beni’s ...

Introduction

John Austin is a renowned name in the field of jurisprudence. Etymologically, the word jurisprudence is formed from two words, ‘juris’ meaning law and ‘prudentia’ meaning prudence or knowledge (Anupom, 2011). Jurisprudence can, thus, be defined as the knowledge and science of law that is essential to ensure due justice to the people. Austin’s work was a remarkable start in the direction of the systematic legal system of modern age. Austin’s work emphasised that sanctions are important to ensure conformation to laws and the sovereign is the supreme ...

Introduction

China is the most populous country in the world. It is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The population of this country is also growing at a steady rate. As a result, the demand for food in the country is growing with time. One of the reasons why the demand for food in China grows with time is the steady growth in the economy. As people’s purchasing power in the country increases, their eating habits change thus causing them to demand different varieties of food. Food security is important to a country’s growth and ...

Critical Thinking Paper: ENVI-423-003 Geography of Middle East

Three issues that have served as effective learning supplements in Geography of Middle East class include the following: the relationship between Saudi Arabia and Israel, continuing troubles in Iraq in the post-War on Terror era and the effects of high concentration of funds to Jewish organizations in the United States (US). The foregoing issues provide significant impacts on understanding the nature of Middle Eastern politics better, given the complicated interests of nations therein and their volatile status towards one another, the US and its allies. Key to understanding the complicated nature of Middle Eastern politics is the divisiveness brought ...

Introduction

The paper is a review of the writings of Kenneth waltz and Alexander Wendt.
The two differ in the approach of discussing the anarchical realms of the world.
They agree on the use of force as a method of survival for the states.
Thesis Statement
The main argument of the paper is the contention that anarchy is relative a states. The paper takes the social constructivism approach is discussing anarchy in the world. International political arena is equated to a jungle where there are no rules.

Body

The paper delves into the discussion of the three principles of political structures ...

Introduction

Recent years have witnessed heightened competition between China and her neighbors over resources, sovereignty and security in the South China Sea. This increased competition and tension has attracted the attention of both military and diplomatic leaders from various nations across the world that seek to promote both security and stability in these important waters. In fact the competition for maritime rights in this sea has become the most important issue of security in East Asia and some analyst have even declared it as the central conflict theatre in the globe. The South China Sea spans about 3.5 million kilometers ...

Abstract

The concepts of national identity and Chinese imperialism are among the most essential postulates of Chinese cultural framework. The first explorations of these issues were taken by the ancient Chinese philosophers, while the culmination of their development took place in the late 17th century, when the imminent danger of foreign invasion became evident for the Chinese Empire.
Wang Fuzhi is recognized as one of the most prolific Chinese scholars and political thinkers. Although his main accomplishments took place during the decline of the Ming Dynasty, nevertheless he managed to articulate the frameworks of Chinese national identity and the role ...

Introduction

Comparative politics deal with political institutions, domestic politics and the conflicts between countries. These elements are brought about by sovereignty, common domestic problems and challenges and cultural heterogeneity in different countries. However, globalization is threatening to undermine this. With globalizing undermining these political institutions, domestic politics and conflicts between countries, there are concerns that globalization will oversee the demise of the field of comparative politics. This paper delves into these issues by highlighting the challenges that globalization presents to the comparative politics.
The challenge that globalization presented to the field of comparative politics is already visible. In the recent ...

REPEALING THE OUTDATED AND INADEQUATE POLICY

Hong Kong Basic Law: Repealing the Outdated and Inadequate Policy
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China is considered nowadays as one of Asia’s major financial capitals after Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. Many international agencies, institutions and business firms based in the country, allowing the economy and development of the country flourish to what is now seen today. However, since the country was returned to China by the British Empire in 1997, political movements started to develop within Hong Kong due to the desire of many Hong Kong Nationals to repeal ...

Introduction

Humanitarian intervention as a concept can be traced back to the seventeenth century. This is the time when the foundations for the contemporary internationally recognized system of sovereignty of states and the principle that such sovereign states have control over all the matters within their borders was established. Since them, the concept has been reformed to enable the international community through the United Nations to protect citizens within sovereign states from human rights abuse, civil wars, ethnic cleansing and political abuse (Piereson, 2013). Although the United Nations charter does not allow the intervention in sovereign states, various humanitarian crises ...

Introduction

In every democratic society, a country cannot survive on its own .It requires its neighboring countries to enhance its economic growth and development. To avoid conflict, all neighboring countries demarcate their borders to safeguard their resources and self-interest. Foreign policy relations enable countries to interact with each other especially in trading affairs and international policy discussions. To enhance a country’s external economies of scale dominance, it is necessary to observe the policies of other nations. Some countries advance their relations further to form a single union with common interests. For instance, United States of America was formed as ...

Jesus is the central figure in Christianity and Christian faith. Both Christian believers and those who criticize His very nature have said a lot about him. The mystery that surrounds his birth, life and death makes him a central figure of debate. Paul Johnson’s in his book ‘Jesus’ looks at the life of Jesus and the events that surrounded it. He takes us through more than just what the scriptures give us as he analyses his life and how the events relate to our day to day Christian life. It is a book that shades more light on ...

Organization

Liberalism is a political thinking whose ideology is founded on equality and liberty. Liberals are popular for their support of civil rights, press freedom, fair and free elections free trade as well as religious freedom and private property. Liberalism was not a divergent political movement until the 17th century with the endorsement of John Locke. On the other, hand, classical republicanism is a republicanism ideology which was developed in the Renaissance period. It is also known as civil humanism and is based on three main concepts. These are civic virtue, civil society and mixed government. One of the first ...

Indonesia has been experiencing an influx of beef prices over the past year; this is because its local beef producers have become incapable of meeting domestic demand. The increase in the demand for beef in Indonesia was caused by the country’s self-sufficiency policy. This policy was implemented to restrict imports from other countries such as Australia. The government has found a solution for the beef supply crisis. The government of Indonesia is considering buying land in Australia in which it will raise beef cattle and export them into their country. This issue has raised controversy especially among Australian ...

Introduction

Robert Kagan in his article, “Power and Weakness” published in 2002 makes a claim that “Americans are originally from Mars while Europeans are originally from Venus”. Mars, in this particular case signifies the god of war while Venus signifies the goddess of love. Kagan claims that over the years, Americans have continued to exist in an environment where the use of force is considered to be supreme while Europeans exist in a world governed by law amongst other procedural doctrines.
Kagan’s claims are quite accurate. In the modern world political setting, it is quite clear that there is ...

PART I

- National Policy (1878 Tariffs)
The term National policy was an economic program that was introduced by the Canadian Conservative party through John Macdonald in the year 1976 buy enforced in the year 1978 (Geyer, 2007). The policy was intended to be nationalistic and intended to broaden the economic base of the country. This was argued to have the potential of restoring the confidence of the citizens in the development of the country. It was also intended to offer growth to a number of wealthy business individuals to whom the conservative party could count on. The policy was introduced ...

Water Problems in West Bank

Introduction
Having very low availability of water resources in comparison with the global average, Israel, Jordan and Palestine have been suffering from scarcity of water and the scarcity impacts their economic and daily lives directly mostly for the higher population in Jordan and Palestine. The continuous rapid growth in population has in the region has raised the question as to whether the basic needs of water for the whole population will ever be met in the coming future.
The resources of water in Israel, Jordan and Palestine are a mixture of groundwater and surface water sources. The major surface ...

Section 1 - "An Analysis of the Battle of Goose Green"

The history of past battles is often studied and analyzed for a variety of reasons. However, in most cases, it is failures rather than the successes that are being analyzed whenever military history is studied. Close affairs are quite common in a majority of battles; either side could have been victorious. In many of these battles, it is not the things done right by the winner that decide the final result, but the things done wrong by the ruler. The Battle of Goose Green between Great Britain and Argentina during the Falklands War was one such battle. Even though ...

The War of 1812 is a significant event for the United States of America (America) that introduced much of the reforms characterizing the status quo. It placed much emphasis on respect for American sovereignty and diplomacy – with emphasis on respecting America’s diplomatic rights, the sanctity of American political unity and American economic development. On the other hand, it places heavy weight on controversial American expansionist effort on British Canada and Spanish Florida. Nevertheless, the War is a necessary one due to its positive consequences to the development of America as a nation.

America saw several opportunities to expand ...

Canada is a North American country that consists of ten administrative provinces. It’s located in the Northern part of the continent, bordering three oceans, the Atlantic Ocean to the East, the Pacific Ocean to the West, and Arctic Ocean to the North. Due to its strategic location in the midst of these global water masses; Canada controls many natural resources that support the countries economy. The harnessing and use of these natural resources has had a profound impact on Canada’s competitiveness, environmental health and the countries overall quality of life. The natural resource sector and other earth ...

A Troublesome Process: The Articles of Confederation, the Constitution and

the Creation of America’s Republican Ethic

When the Second Continental Congress adjourned in 1781, it was not to the universal acclaim of the men who thought they had worked out a practical and effective means of balancing centralized power with the autonomy of the young republic’s 13 members. The new nation’s revolutionary epoch had left its leaders profoundly mistrustful of any government endowed with undue power. One cannot help but wonder how many members of the second Congress left the proceedings suspecting they had only partially done the work of social engineering needed to knit ...

Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?

Collapse of the Soviet Union resulted from the processes of system disintegration, which took place in the public and political sphere of the Soviet Union, which eventually led to the end of the USSR on December 26, 1991. As a result, 15 independent republics appeared on the world arena. In this paper a short overview of the USSR history will be presented along with the possible reasons for the Soviet Union collapse and description of the collapse process.
USSR inherited a large part of the territory that the Russian Empire possessed, as well as its multinational structure. Between 1917 ...

Globalization for Canada

The environment is an intercool part of the economy. Any future examination of Canada’s prospects within globalization will be skewed when there is no more cheap oil. The toaster from China will no longer make any sense. The fact is that we are relying on burning oil at 3 times the carbon footprints in the case of the tar sands compared to conventional oil. Therefore the real cost of globalization must factor in, the real cost of climate change.
It is imperative to understand the concept of globalization in order to ascertain the effect it has in the ...

Chapter 3

Post 1 – Professor Franck’s brings up an interesting question, why states obey international law despite the undeveloped condition of the international system? I would say a very important reason is that criminals, even those who have been nation-state leaders have been brought to trial on the international stage at The Hague. So all the characteristics he mentions that give legitimacy – transparency, symbolic validation, adherence and coherence – are met by the World Court and can be observed on the television news all over the world. There exist inconsistencies in terms of which leaders are taken to trial when others ...

Imperial diet is the first modern legislature to be established in 1890; it was established under Meiji Constitution of 1889; this was Japan’s first constitution. The Meiji Constitution was based on the assumption that the Emperor of Japan possessed all the powers and sovereignty of Japan’s government. The Imperial diet was comprised of the House of Representatives and the House of Peers; the two houses were responsible for aiding the emperor in exercising his legislative authority. Only the members of the House of Representatives were elected directly by the public, while the voting rights were assigned to ...

Human rights are not only inalienable, but also universal. The failure of the international community to intervene has resulted in the brutal violations of these rights in multiple states, perhaps best underscored by the on-going conflict and humanitarian crisis in Darfur (United Nations 1; UNICEF 1). Against the background of the Darfur crisis, this paper sets forth the international norms/law on humanitarian intervention, as well as uses international relations theories to determine the legitimacy of intervention in Darfur. It asserts that genocide and other grave (and widespread) crimes against humanity in the region are extreme injustices that threaten humanity ...

In 1777, the colonies adopted the Articles of Confederation – a document that served as the first constitution of the United States (Ginsberg et al 34). The adoption of such a constitution was important to the colonies, which included New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, to hold them together as one nation-state. The Articles is divided into 13 articles, including a provision that described the relationship of the states as a “league of friendship” (Article III, Articles of Confederation). The implication of ...