Essays on French Revolution

Historical chronology is the systematic arrangement of historical events and dates in order of occurrence. Consequently, chronology is a basic tool of history, since it helps in tracing past events and providing a reference and date to their occurrences. Therefore, current events in the modern world attach to a series of occurrences in the past, which took place in a systematic order. The global economic depression is an example of a chronological event in history, which took place between 1939 to 1945ce. The period featured a great downfall in the world’s economy, owing to the damages that World ...

Decembrist occurred on date 26 of the year 1825, and its main aim was to protest the reign of Tsar Nicholas, who took the throne after his father death (Nowak, Andrzej, and Jaime 77). The successor was to be Constantine, who was Alexander's elder brother but instead he declined the role in public. Many officers did not believe that he could decline; this made his younger brother, Nicholas, to step forward. He was not popular, and this made officers take action. One of the main causes of Decembrist revolt was that early in the reign of Alexander 1, he ...

In the article “The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies” Maurice Cranston (1989) argues that the leaders of the French Revolution were influenced by the ideas of the political philosophers of the French Enlightenment. The French Revolution itself went through several phases during which different forms of monarchy and sovereignty were pursued. There was also a period when the First French Republic was active, but in just 12 years France returned to the form of absolute monarchy. All these transitions were supported with the ideologies of the French philosophers Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire. The argument concerning the imperial phase and ...

The French Revolution was one of the most chaotic periods not only in the history of France but also that of Europe. This was not only because of the tremendous loss of life and damage on France’s economy that the revolution led into but also because of the dramatic changes that happened after it. In this section though, the author will only focus on one major change and that would be on equality, mainly as a result of the tearing down of the physical, economic, and psychological barriers that were standing strong prior to the French Revolution. After ...

The industrialization of Europe and North America felt an urgent necessity of expansion of their markets where they wanted to sell their goods, machinery, factory equipment, steamships, etc., and to make investments. On the other hand they needed raw materials from all over the world for their industry. The Industrial Revolution demanded a new type of rapid shipping, new type of fast communications, the railroads spread inside continents and countries. Most of the industrial giants opened their offices throughout the world. Slavery was completely abolished since slaves were not necessary any more, but the demand of low paid working ...

The council of the slew of generals President Abraham Lincoln had to tread through, was not unlike dangerous waters which were constantly shifting amid the complexity of the Civil War. The events surrounding the Civil War era, the Lincoln presidency with its turmoil of revolving generals, and the hotly debated issue of slavery form the most contested episode in United States’ annals of history. Among the short string of military generals under the auspices of Abraham Lincoln include George B. McClellan, Joseph Hooker, Ulysses S. Grant, and George G. Meade. Whether or not people agree with Abraham Lincoln’s ...

Annotated Bibliography

Chagnon, Napoleon. The Yanomamo. Cengage Learning, 2012.

Napoleon Chagnon wrote this book has a total of 336 pages. The work incorporated in this book is based on the author’s extensive and critical fieldwork. The book specifically focuses on the Yanomamo. In essence, this book establishes the primitive nature of South American tribal societies in the modern day. It is a compilation of field reports since 1992; it records events and changes that have since been experienced by the Yanomamo since 1992. In addition to the reports compiled in this book, the book contains the author’s perceptions regarding the ...

Throughout centuries of fighting, the fundamental basis of warfare remains the ideological or militaristic conflict between two opposing sides. While the means, methods and strategies of warfare have changed dramatically in the last four hundred years, governments and militaries have always needed to find a way to ensure that morale remains on their side and encourage antipathy towards their opponents. Influencing activities have been important in warfare throughtout history, with military leaders and campaigns requiring the moral and material support of the people in order to succeed. When looking at the strategies of Napoleon Boneaparte, Clausewitz’s trinity, and the ...

When Jacques Louis David created The Oath of the Horatii, in 1784-1785, France was on the verge of the Revolution that would come just a few years later in 1789. David would play a role in it and was its ardent supporter (Tansey and Kleiner, 917). Enlightenment rose as a philosophical ideal that had an impact in art. It suggested that art should have a moral dimension and serve as a lesson to the viewer. At the same ...

Introduction

Jewellery has been in existence since the early humans began to become civilized. The human desire is to be adorned with precious metals and gems. This has been evident since the Neolithic and Palaeolithic eras. The early humans made jewellery that was formed from claws, bones, teeth and shells. This has been documented by archaeologists. The Egyptians, the Romans and the Greeks applied distinct methods for the creation of jewellery (Cartlidge 1985; Dorner & Turner 1985; Druff and Dormer 1995; Druitt 1986; Falk 1989; Game and Goring 1998; Gilhooley and Costin 1998; Grant 2005; Grant 2007; Hinks 1983; Hughes 1972; ...

Eighteenth century how to become an icon in the history of fashion and influence our life

Embellishment, poise, elegance are some of the adjectives that can be used to describe the trend in art and architecture of 18th century. The age witnessed the most elegant and stylish way of fashion. It can also be called as a fashionable era. 18th Century era is generally known as the Age of Enlightenment. The beginning of this century experienced a significant change in culture, art and architecture. Fashion industry also was on its peak. The fashion centre in this era shifted from Versailles to Paris. The educated Aristocratic class was called bourgeoisie class. They settled down in Paris. The new ...

Introduction

History is shaped by events that change the course of everything, and so are historians. The events that occurred in history were significant in how the individuals rose to become who they are, whether legends or villains. There are particular notable events in history that have been associated with specific individuals, whose presence changed the course of everything. The discussion will analyze how the French revolution shaped Napoleon Bonaparte, Lenin and the Bolsheviks and Hitler in relation to the fascist revolution. Commonly remembered as Napoleon 1, he led wars that conquered ...

History is filled with examples of violent revolutions accomplishing what non-violent revolutions likely never would have accomplished. Whether it is the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799, the Nazi party’s goal for worldwide dominion, or the struggle in South Africa to shake off the chains of apartheid, violent revolutions have led to profound changes where non-violent civil disobedience probably would have failed.

While proponents of non-violent revolutions often cite the likes of Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi as examples of freedom fighters who chose brains over brawn, ...

Ideology

For centuries, the word ‘ideology’ has undergone revolutions and dynamism that have changed the context of its usage and understanding. Given the special position of the word in today’s life of radicalism and revolutionary attempts, it has become increasingly imperative to give a precise comprehension of the term to create boundaries of its usage. Several ideas and concepts about beliefs in religions and political systems have cropped in all corners of the world, prompting people to develop different ideologies concerning culture, economy and politics. For this reason, the term ‘ideology’ has been used more widely now than ...

- Discuss 3 major legacies of the French Revolution. Why is the French Revolution Important? Was it a victory for everyone? How did the factory system and child labor challenge the ideas of freedom and equality? What impact did the Revolution have on the rights of women? Or Africans displaced by slavery?

A legacy is the result of an event is something that is transmitted from, and is a direct result of that event. The French Revolution (1789 to 1799) was a period of radical social and political change, and it left a lasting effect on the world, Europe in particular. Although there are smaller legacies that the Revolution has (creation of the French National Anthem, French Flag), three in particular stand out.

The first of the major legacies that the French Revolution left was how it handed power to the masses. Before the event, a revolution was merely political change. However, after the revolution, ...

Politics, beauty and history in art

Politics is the practice of influencing people on the civic and individual level. It has existed since the formation of social hierarchy among humans. Artists mostly did not involve themselves with politics directly with politics but they expressed their views through their art work for example Pablo Piccaso and Thomas Hirschhorn while other were directly involved in politics and also had artistic presentation of the politics for example Jacques Louis David. Beauty is the characteristic of an object or an idea that gives people a feeling of pleasure and is admired. Most artists work is described as a thing of beauty ...

Description:

This is as a response to the monarchy and despotic form of government that was in place in France. Till the revolution France has had a history of Monarchic rulers ruling over the masses and in recent centuries their form of ruling had gone from disappointing to dismal. With the monarchs busy in the merry making and paying little attention to the problems of masses, thereby it rose a feeling of resentment in the masses who wanted an abolishment to the monarchy and instead desired and raised slogan for a form of government that would be representative of them and would allow true ...

History of the Habsburg Family

The Hapsburg domination of the Austrian republic started early in the 11th century where the house of Habsburg started developing their empire. The empire was made up of several estates controlled and ruled by the Habsburg family. The monarchy was made up of Germans, Czechs, Bohemians, Croats, Slovenes, Dalmatians, Hungarians, Poles and the Italians who made up the Habsburg Monarchy. The house of Habsburg produced the kings who ruled this empire from the early 11th century through to the 18th century when the monarchy became extinct (Armour, 2012). This was after a series of events that weakened the empire leading ...

Defining Terrorism

Defining terrorism is a very complex issue, the importance of which cannot be overstated in the world today. The problem with declaring a “War on Terror” is that there is no catch-all definition of what constitutes terrorism (O’Kane, 2007). Most people have a very general idea of what terrorism looks like; it is easy to describe an act as terrorism once it has occurred, but it is very difficult to define terrorism as a whole before it happens.

A good definition of an act of terrorism is, arguably, an act, often a violent act, whose purpose is to terrify, scare, or otherwise ...

- Comment in agreement or disagreement with the following quote: “during the 19th Century Russia was considered to have the most conservative and least reform-minded, government in Europe." What factors in Russian history contributed to this situation? What was the response to this reality by liberal leaning Russian military and political leaders? In Russia, the central political and economic problem was serfdom, which was basically slavery under another name with the majority of the population in an un-free condition. Certainly some Russian governments attempted to deal with this problem, particularly Tsar Alexander II, who freed the serfs ...

According to Walen Reciprocity in the Northwest coast art took the form of the potlatch ceremony where the host and relatives gave out gifts to all guests that had been invited who were expected to accept the gifts offered tothem.They would also give back in the same kind to those who gave tothem. This notion of reciprocation was also shown when the host was accorded prestige and status in direct proportion to his expenditure. Catherine and Val Napoleon (2008) Througha story ofRaven, the exchange is shown when he impregnates a man’s daughter who in turn gives to him his ...

For the purposes of my narrative, I wish to write about the impacts and influence of the French Revolution upon the Haitian Revolution. When the Haiti slave rebellions started in 1791, there was already a tense and eventful buildup of concerns which started with the French Revolution's success. Seeing how far that kind of action took the French proletariat, and its effects riling plantation owners of the time to further action, the French Revolution had significant impact in the lives and actions of the slaves who lived in Haiti.

This topic is important due to the rarity in which ...

Arguably, at the end of 18th century, France and England underwent great revolutions, which later changed the lifestyles of people in the world. England underwent industrial revolutions, while France underwent the French revolution. Industrial revolution took place between the year 1760-1850, transforming the lives of people, through manufacturing, methods of making a living, as well as the products that were made available. On the other hand, French revolution took place within 1789-1799. Perhaps it was an intellectual and political revolution. The two revolutions had its differences and similarities, based on its causes as well as impacts. Undoubtedly, the concepts ...

Throughout centuries of fighting, the fundamental basis of warfare remains the ideological or militaristic conflict between two opposing sides. While the means, methods and strategies of warfare have changed dramatically in the last four hundred years, governments and militaries have always needed to find a way to ensure that morale remains on their side and encourage antipathy towards their opponents. To that end, propaganda was created – the biased historical and cultural narratives created by cultures and governments to vilify their opponents and uplift their own military forces. Propaganda has survived four centuries of change through its durability and malleability throughout ...

The French Revolution is typically the main historical dividing line between the ancient European regimes and the modern world. It marked the transition from the traditional social order to a democratic system. Nevertheless, the transition process was long and violent which eventually led to Napoleon Bonaparte rising to power in 1799 through a military coup d’état. Even though much of its impact was confined to France, it spread to other parts of Europe and the rest of the world. It marked the beginning of the revolutionary wars in the world over. The French Revolution marked the first occasion whereby a democratic ...

French and Haitian revolution are two significant revolutions that took place on the earth in modern times. Both the revolutions were inspired by the enlightenment. People who participated in these revolutions were certainly influenced by the enlightenment movement and refused to accept the forcefully imposed rules on them. French revolution attracted wider attention because France was a powerful nation while Haitian revolution is not that famous because of being less important in the global scenario. On the basis of such dissimilarities between these two nations, some may misinterpret French revolution of a greater importance and Haitian revolution of a lesser importance but ...

The sample paper on the effective use of the enlightenment principles during the French and the Haitian revolution puts forth a strong argument in favor of the French revolution. The essay includes a clear and strong thesis, as required by the initial instructions. The author correctly argues that France implemented more effectively Enlightenment principles, because it was a stronger and more developed country. Moreover, an entire paragraph of the author’s essay is weakened by the mistaken argument that the French “Declaration of the Rights of Men” inspired the American “declaration of Independence”. This is a poor argument since the Declaration of Independence had ...

Element One

It is true that the Haiti enlightenment revolution was not as strong as the French revolution since the two countries were and are not yet of equal standard. Haiti was a developing country at that moment, while France was one of the strongest powers in the world; meaning that it would be harder for Haiti to put forth enlightenment policies and principles easily as compared to France. Haiti’s Revolution brought forth the idea that slaves were human beings and thus deserved to be treated with dignity and accorded equal rights as human beings that had never been slaves. Haiti ...

Element 1

The evaluating the sample it is evident that there is proper research that is included in the various claims made. This is because an appropriate and detailed background regarding the assignment is provided given the reader a clear understanding of the topic. This is through establishing the various policies and changes that were implemented in the two countries that resulted in the change in analysis. This is through the empowerment that takes place where people realized their rights and start to push for their rights. It is this movement that resulted in the change that takes place where there is ...

Neo-classical is a form of art that was dominant in Europe in the 18th Century. This art form was founded on the desire to re-create the spirit and forms of art from ancient Greece and Roman antiquity. The main characteristic of neo-classicism was Herculaneum. Artists in the neo-classical era ensured that their work had moral and aesthetic implications. Romanticism was the form of art that followed after the neo-classical era, this form of art was different as it was more complex than other art forms that came before it. Artistic freedom was the main feature of Romanticism and emphasis was ...

A View from the Field: A Napoleonic Soldier falls among the many military memoirs in the book written by Charles Parquin that depict the perspectives of a typical Napoleonic soldier on matters pertaining to their well-being. The document captures the social relations of the soldiers while at their military bases. The difficulties that they underwent during the warring periods are also part of the memoir. It incorporates the fighting tactics and the varied techniques that the Napoleonic soldiers used for offensive and defensive purposes. The document is further spiced by the acknowledgement of the soldier’s patriotism and their extent ...

The aim of this essay is to present you with the reflections drawn upon the readings of the novel ‘Passion’ written in 1987 by Jeanette Winterson. Jeanette Winterson has been widely acknowledged within the borders of the literary community as one of the writers who succeed in bonding their stories closely to mystery and passion, somewhere between magic and reality. This paper will present you with the main idea of Passion and will prove that people’s lives are conquered by Passion in such a way that Passion can neither be considered exclusively benefactoring nor destructive. It depends on the ...

Introduction

“Animal Farm” was written by George Orwell. It is a satire and political literature. The original title of the novel is “Animal Farm: A Fairy Story” that proves it as a fable written with a purpose. However, the author did a wonderful attempt to present the political crisis and tyrannical government through a story of animals in a farm. It is a dystopian and allegorical novel. Orwell’s intention is to reflect Russian Revolution and reign of Stalin in Soviet Union. The novel is about the life of animals in a farm. They wanted to rebel and save themselves from the clutches of men and set new ...

The Declaration of Olympe de Gouges

Olympe de Gouges was a woman born on 7 May 1748 and died on November 3, 1793. His original name is Marie Gouze. She was a political activist as well as a playwright whose works reached a very large audience. In addition to that, she was an abolitionist and a feminist. Her achievements span from her times up to today. She still inspires very many people with her works. Today, people celebrate her as one of the earliest famous activists whose demand that French women receive the same rights as men gave her a wide popularity. In 1791, she wrote ‘The Declaration of the Rights of ...

The enlightenment would introduce a new system of government and the most important one was sovereignty. The people had every reason to support enlightenment because it brought changes to their political culture. The sovereignty came to the citizens, and it brought equality that did not exist. People did not have businesses that were honorable and did not have the opportunity to own land (Outram, pg.137). During this age, enlightenment thinks endorsed ideas of natural law and progress in all their dealings. The people began to question their governments and leaders. They realized the oppression that the government was imposing upon ...

Not long ago many headlines on terrorism appeared in newspapers all over the world. The event happened on the 11th of September, 2001 made countries to pay more attention to this issue. In 2001 President Bush declared that a “war (that) would not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.” Still, no one knows whether this campaign will be successful or not (Rapoport, 2006). One of those things that people can do to decrease the terrorism is to learn history, as the terrorism is not new in the 21th century. The history illustrates ...

History students would agree that the working population’s challenges became more noticeable during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in Europe and America as compared to any other period in time. France relied on the close-by weave frameworks and corporate solidarity of working artisan trades. Nonetheless, urban growth did not stop bringing together traders with a much experienced way of doing trade leading to the reality of which a couple of specialists has judged it as a way of creating class and taste around French workers. History shows that a social affiliation inside trade bundles cannot speak to uprising in the ...

Question 1)

According to Ede and Cormack, what was the impact of Napoleon's reign on the development of scientific and technical training in France? Napoleon's reign included a refocusing to the education of the masses, including educating women. He centralized and standardized the education system with a focus on language. Napoleon believed in women’s education, to a point. He permitted the reestablishment of the Catholic elementary schools that educated boys and girls. Napoleon’s priority was secondary education however. In this area, he saw to standards not only for students but also for teachers and the curriculum. This was in part done ...

Abstract

Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of the most fascinating and well-known poems by the famed English poet, becoming one of the bastions of British Romantic literature through its immense lyricism and use of metaphor. The poem deals with themes of the violation of nature, the encroaching threat of the Orient and its strangeness on European culture, as well as the stifling nature of guilt, all contributing to a multi-faceted and pluralistic tale that deals with the breadth of human experience.

Proposal

Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of ...

Democracy, Rights, and Empire

Thesis Europe has seen it all; revolutions, plague, recession, famine, revolts, and invasions, and this was why, when opportunity came knocking at their doors, the few powerful nations of Europe, adventured to expand and control their business interests far from their shores. In order to understand how and why this transpired, one needs to go back in time and understand Europe as it was in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Background

The Rise of Europe between 1500 and 1850 was largely accounted for by the growth of European nations which shared their borders with the Atlantic, and in particular, ...

In the book Emile, Rousseau borrowed a lot of thinkers that came before him. He had the arguments of John Locke on teaching and education. Still, he quite remarkably combined the arguments of the preceding philosophers to form a coherent and comprehensive teaching system. Using the medium of the novel, Rousseau was able to dramatize such that they reached a wide audience. Rousseau saw the system of education as married to nature that had characteristics of harmony, and concern for the learner as well as the learning process itself. The premise of this argument was the preservation of the original perfection of ...

Essay

English

One of the most unique works of English literature is a fairy tale allegory "Animal Farm» by George Orwell. The story of “Animal farm” is very simple and dramatic. The action of this story occurs at the farm “Manor”, the owners of which are Mr. and Mrs. Jones. The animals here, as in any fairy tale, endowed with human qualities. All exposition begins with that the old leader (Meyer) tells the other animals his dream, in which all people disappeared from the earth and the world is ruled only by animals, there is no oppression and all are equal. ...

Find a building or structure constructed –Eiffel tower Art and architecture from the ancient times to date has played a key role that have made many appreciate the beauty in the natural environment. Buildings and structures in many regions and places are designed differently that depict and tell dissimilar stories with varied messages. In the recent times, art and architecture have grown tremendously in many institutions of learning across the globe, and this shows the emphasis and benefits that society has realized arising from the industry. Buildings among other structures made by artists and architects have portrayed different meanings and ideologies ...

Analysis of Lyrics

Viva la Vida is a song by Coldplay which is about a king who rejoiced in life being in power; it is actually about the life of a deposed king who has lost power after a revolution. This song particularly refers to the French revolution or the Roman Empire, after which the king is reflecting his life back then. He has been pondering about how the world was in his hands, that, in just a single command the sea would rise, how his people praised him and sang in his name, how his prosecutors dreaded his presence. Yet, everything has become the opposite by ...

The French Revolution that took place in 1789-1799 is one of the most popular political uprisings in world history. Throughout the 18th century, the traditional authoritarian French monarchy remained in power despite talk of reform. As the authority structures remained in place, economic revolutions took place within the French society causing dramatic changes. Moreover, the evolving social structure started to collide with the static political structure. This led to the clamor for reforms in order to create a constitutional monarchy, reform the financial and political landscape of the nation. The revolution was immediately followed by the by a dictatorship (1799-1815), which ...

‘Instructor’s Name’

Book: The count of Monte Cristo The Count of Monte Cristo is a novel written by Alexandre Dumas and was first published in the year 1844. The plot of the story was expanded by Dumas in collaboration with ghostwriter Auguste Maquet. Along with the ‘Three Musketeers’, this novel is one of the most anthologized works of Dumas, and as critics opine the novel has become a permanent fixture of Western literature. Dumas was a French novelist and dramatist, and during his lifetime he produced a number of literary outputs like dramas, novels, memoirs, travelogues and historical studies. Mostly self-educated, Dumas actively ...

The effects of the Italian renaissance on Europe can be subcategorized into three broad classifications as cultural, political, and economic influences. On the economic perspective, the Italian renaissance influenced the banking practices since the explosion of banking in Florence at the commencement of the 12th century, which dominantly extended into the next 200 years of its eruption. In the ‘catasto’ of 1427, the Florentines introduced the forerunner of the modern tax system (Klaus, 1997). Additionally, the renaissance Italy was an urban capitalist society where wealth determined social status. Most of the European cities modeled their economies based on the ...

The relationship between the revolution in France and Haiti

The Haitian Revolution resulted from a long fight on the fragment of the slaves in the French colony of St. Domingue, however was also driven by the free Mulattoes who had initially faced the prosecutions of being signified as semi-citizens. The revolution saw slavery to end and resulted to the establishment of the republic of Haiti. The colony of Saint-Domingue, geologically roughly the identical land mass that is currently Haiti was the lushest colony in the West Indies and perhaps the richest in the history of the globe. Driven by slave effort and enabled by rich soil and model climate, ...

Part 1

Al Musilli was amazed by the entire silver production process. In his article, Al Musili describes the whole silver mining process. He begins by identifying the 37 mills that were used in the grinding of stones that bore silver both during the night and during the day. After the grinding process was over, quantities of approximately 5000 lbs were taken and piled together to form several piles. Water was then added to each pile and mercury was added later to it based on its needs. Shovels were then used in stirring the mixture and mercury-added when necessary. Moreover, if ...

Photo of Alexander the Great

The Walters Art Gallery has a wide range of arts ranging from different personalities of the world. An art gallery stores many things about the different cultures of people. The arts were very many and therefore I was able to settle on the above art of Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in the city of Pella, Macedonia. He was the son of King Philip II and Queen Olympias. Alexander is still considered a military genius of all time in history. He possessed military qualities like those of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and Julius Caesar of ...

One example of the cognitive dissonance was the French Revolution. People of France thought they are being oppressed by the monarchs in the region, and in particular the Queen. As a result of this, violent protests started throughout France. The monarchs tried to curb the revolution by arresting the rebels, and by using fear tactics to make sure that this revolution does not spread. However, the revolution did spread under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the French Emperors were executed by the violent Mob. This is an example of Cognitive Dissonance because the authority in the form of Napoleon ...

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are two English philosophers of the 17th century, who explored the nature of political processes such as the emergence of states and the subordination of the individual or society to political power. Although they used the same philosophical and scientific instruments and share categorical apparatus, their conclusions are quite different to each other. The fact that their ideas influence the political process in England at that time indicates the historical importance of their ideas. The fact that these ideas have been adopted by different political groups indicates a significant difference in the estimates. Hobbes and ...

Discussing the Great Sphinx of Egypt

ABSTRACT The Sphinx is one of the most famous images of the Ancient World. However, despite its immense, stone image, the Sphinx has and remains a great mystery to layman and experts from many different fields. There is continuing research hoping to determine the true origins, age, image, and purpose of the Sphinx. It is likely much older than previously thought and therefore not built when it had traditionally thought to have built. There are theories that work to explain the Sphinx. However, the only thing that we can be absolutely certain of is that the Sphinx is a fantastical ...

"A Tale of Two Cities" is the second and last historical novel by Dickens, which consists of three books. The first tells a story of the return to life of Dr. Manette, who spent many years in solitary confinement in the Bastille. Bank employee, Mr. Lorry and Lucie Manette, daughter of Dr., take him away from Paris to London. The second book begins with a story about the trial of Charles Darnay and his deliverance from death. Soon Lucy marries him, and the family has a quiet and spiritual life. In France, meanwhile, revolutionary storm is brewing. Father and uncle of ...

Jeanne Louise Henriette Genest Campan was close in age to Marie Antoinette when she acted as one of the young queen’s attendants. She was by all accounts an intellectual, an educator, and fairly progressive during the Napoleonic era. Madame Campan was sent to wait on Marie Antoinette in 1774. She served in that capacity until 1792 when the French Monarchy was overthrown. Madame Campan wrote about waiting on Marie in a fairly sterile and very removed fashion, especially given the circumstances that occurred at the end of her service to the queen. After Marie’s death, Madame Campan apparently ...

Language and Literature is always considered as a gateway through the style and ethics of a period and society. Mediaeval culture is a rich epoch to be evaluated in the light of this consideration. It is the time when the Latin was the language used for manuscripts and the literary works were under careful evaluation of Christian Churches. Much of the literature was prevailed through word of mouth and recorded on paper later in the forms of Welsh legend and Celtic myths. The legends were told in the form of stories carrying the romantic tilt with the courtly of courtly love. King ...

1. What was the absolute monarchy? How did it succeed in France and fail in England? Absolute monarchy is a form of government in which the head of the state is a monarch, a king or a prince. The monarch holds an unrestricted power in both the public and private spheres, although the latter is tempered by traditions, religion and the clergy. The monarch is the judge, the head of state, and the legislator, but while despotism is underpinned by evil and paganism, absolute monarchy is associated with religion, particularly Christian religion. This form of government originated immediately before the Reformation era ...

"All animals are equal, but some animals

Are more equal than others" Alexis de Tocqueville has been quoted as saying that the skills used to create marvelous literature do not necessarily produce coherent and well-founded political thought and in most cases one might say that he was right. But that was not the case for English novelist Eric Arthur Blair more commonly known as George Orwell, whose work is characterized by political insight, linguistic clarity and irrefutable literary value, a work that can still inspire almost sixty four years after his death. A keen analyst of his turbulent times, Orwell was, according to Newsweek magazine, the ...

The French emperor Napoleon has been viewed as both a hero and a tyrant depending on who is answering the question. Originally from Corsica, he used his political acumen and military strategy to eventually rule over France. Although under Napoleon France rose as a great power, it was his hunger for power and the desire to conquer the whole of Europe that ultimately lead to his downfall. Napoleon’s rise to power was dramatic n its own way. For a revolutionary, he was a hero as he brought an end to the monarchy and the Jacobin reign of terror. He also instilled the idea ...

In the late eighteenth century, Toussaint Louverture, headed a revolution, which led to the liberalization of Saint Domingue of the Caribbean from colonialism and emancipated slavery. Toussaint Louverture drove the English, French and Spanish forces off the island of Saint Domingue and freed the country from slavery and imperialistic domination . Since then, the island received the name Haiti and became the first republic in the world to declare all men and women equal and free to lead their lives. Toussaint, born on the Breda plantation in Saint Dominigue in the year 1744 was a devout catholic. He received neither a formal education ...