Essays on Catholic Church

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Martin Luther is one of the greatest contributors to Christianity, and his Lutheran Reformation is counted among the most influential phenomenons of modern history. Luther is the originator of the Protestant Reformation, and it is said that, more books have been written on him than any other person except his master, Jesus Christ. He is a German theologian and religious reformer, who inspired hordes of followers to denounce some of the established doctrines of the Catholic Church. This essay will examine his life and scrutinize how his personal struggles influenced his philosophies and preaching.
Martin Continue reading...

In the many developments that are taking place in the religious world, ecumenism is one of the most significant of them all. Church leaders are coming together with common goals that enable them to best serve and worship God, among other many activities. The main goal of contemporary ecumenism has been for all the Christians in the world to be brought together into unity amidst diverse and pluralistic expressions of the faith. This interdenominational union is rooted in the belief that all Christians are bound together by Christ and His existence should not be the cause of division and Continue reading...

People might find it hard to admire something they do not understand such as faith. However, in Agustin’s case, no one can ignore the fact that he is to be admired in his continued search for the Truth and his fight to be honest and faithful to this truth he finally discovered, even when it meant he had to struggle to live according to it. Whether someone has faith in God or not, Agustin’s journey of conversion and faith against all odds is to be admired, and clearly supports Portier’s comment.
Agustin’s change of life Continue reading...

Introduction

This Learning Resource has been designed for Educators in Catholic Schools in Australia that will be working with both Primary and Secondary Students. It aims to give an overview of the different aspects that have been influencing the teaching of the Catholic faith along the years, especially the last centuries previous 1980s, in particular the influence pre and pro Second Vatican Council. Religious Education teachers should find this learning resource useful to identify where they are in time, in the Church, in the world, and in particular in Australia within the Catholic Church. They will be able to understand Continue reading...

Introduction

Smoking ban refers to the prohibition of smoking as part of public policies for occupational safety and health regulations in office buildings and public places like bars, restaurants, city parks, college campuses and even public beaches. The rationale used for introducing smoking ban was to prevent second hand smoking. It has been estimated that the number of deaths caused by second hand smoking in USA is more than 42,000 people every year including infants (CDC #1, 2014). Since the implementation of this ban has made it a troublesome for smokers to smoke freely in places of their choice, Continue reading...

John Donne’s poetry reflects a deep image of religious elements and most of his sonnets are the combination of both Catholic and Protestant. In “The Flea” and “Show Me Dear Christ” John Donne also uses religious imagery. He expresses in implicit way this tactic. HHHHis early poem “The Flea” implies the concept of sexual love; furthermore, it exemplifies unconventional metaphor by which the flea bites two lovers, who are compared on the basis of sex. Moreover, we see a woman trying to resist sexual advances. The speaker with the help of the flea was trying to convince her Continue reading...

The original purpose of the Pantheon temple was to honor all the Gods of Ancient Rome. The time was long before the Catholic Church made Rome its headquarters and the people practice a pagan religion similar to the Greeks. Marcus Agrippa commissioned the temple’s construction under the rule of Caesar Augustus in 27 AD. Inscriptions on the frieze of the porch (surrounded by columns) record the facts of the original construction and then mention two reconstructions. The Pantheon was rebuilt for the first time in 202 AD by Severus and Caracalla. The Roman emperor Hadrian had the temple Continue reading...

Before the coming of Jesus Christ, religion as a concept still existed. However, what is today known as Christianity did not exist then. People who lived during this era worshiped or believed images gods or spirits that resided in trees or mountains. The dominant religion was Judaism. The scripture that was in use was the Old Testament which at the time was known as the Hebrew Bible. People, at the time, believed in God and kept the commandments which are stipulated in the bible. But then, not everyone was a Jew. Many religions were in existence as seen in Continue reading...

The period during which John Calvin lived and influenced his followers was 16th century France – the height of the Protestant Reformation. During this time, Martin Luther and other radical thinkers chose to break away from the Catholic Church due to differences in interpretation of Christian dogma, including the healing power of indulgences (which were believed to simply be an effective bribe for the Catholic Church to achieve absolution). Independent of the development of the Protestant Church, however, was John Calvin’s work to create a system of ideology which would be called Calvinism. Because of his radical ideas, and Continue reading...

Essay

Religion - one of the most important among the many ways in which Americans are involved in the life of their community and society as a whole. Religion in the United States has traditionally played a major role. At all times, America was a virgin land to many religions, as well as the non-interference in religious practice has led to that the U.S. has become very comfortable shelter for small foreign sects. Americans donate more time and money to religious organizations and societies than all other voluntary associations together. About 40% of Americans participate in worship at least once Continue reading...

Catholic is a Roman Catholic faith or a member of the Roman Catholic Church. The term catholic was initially used to mean a universal church. Therefore, it is used to describe all Christians of diverse religions around the universe since we all believe in Jesus Christ. In the 2nd century, catholic was used to reiterate its universal aspect. Catholic Church is among the largest Christian church with approximately one billion followers around the globe. The Roman Catholic Church has played a domineering role in western civilization. The head of the church, according to church’s hierarchy, is the Pope. Continue reading...

The Middle Ages were the period of European history dating from the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 476A.D. up to 1453 and started when the Ottoman Turks of the Middle East captured Constantinople. The Catholic Church grew more powerful and influential during that time. Governed by bishops and archbishops under the papal authority from Rome, the church became more dominant in the medieval society. Nuns and monks lived together in a house called monastery, devoting their lives in the service of God. In this period of turmoil and instability, many people turn to God in order to Continue reading...

MOVEMENTS IN RELATION TO CHRISTIANITY

The account of the Crusades, which happened during the Middle Ages, is considered as a significant part of the history of Christianity and the church. It is regarded as the first great enterprise that shows “common zeal of the Christian nations of Europe.” At the same time, these religiously-driven military movements brought forth diverse social, economic, and political impacts upon the European region. History shows no similar record where so many men from different countries and social ranks were brought together having equal enthusiasm. Hundreds of thousands of lives were sacrificed during these campaigns. However, it is being contested Continue reading...

Sacraments in St. Thomas Aquinas’ Major Summa (q 60/61/62/63/64/65) - What I Found That Is or Is Not Useful for Understanding Sacraments Today
St. Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Doctors of the Catholic Church because of his great theological contributions, and his philosophy has been so influential in Western civilization that he is also studied by seculars. One of his most important contributions was incorporating reason in the form of Aristotelian logic into the discussion of faith and religious tenants.
In Summa Theologica, one of his most important works, he lists six major questions: “Of the love Continue reading...

The infamous Middle Passage refers to the period of the slave trade where many unwilling Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic. This period marked numerous enslavement, torture, displacement and murder as they were chained and slammed in small spaces during the voyage. The Middle Passage marked the brutal and cruel phase of the trade marking a dark chapter in both American and African history.

Slavery in Africa

Similar to the other continents, African had their own form of slavery, even before the intercontinental slavery began. This was one part of the society’s economic structure, but the extent and treatment of Continue reading...

- General Description of Renaissance
Believed to have originated in Italy in the late Middle Ages, the Renaissance is a cultural movement between the 14th and 17th centuries that spread across Europe and affected the Europeans’ intellectual, political, and cultural life. Many Historians believed that the Renaissance served as the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era, stating that it marked the beginning of the early Modern period. Some questioned the validity of it being an actual advancement and instead may just have been a nostalgic turn for the classical period characterized by the resurgence of interest Continue reading...

Since the beginning of the early civilizations, man tried to understand the world around him and why events take place. Some tried to put symbols to non-living things and even on natural occurrences, while many turned to religion to explain the meaning of life and the mystery behind the creation story. However, there were a few who deviated from this unyielding faith in religious preaching and sought to answer the world’s many mysteries through their own studies. In Europe, this desire to solve these mysteries escalated into a conflict between religion and science that resulted to the advent Continue reading...

The colonization of North America began in 1492 when Christopher Columbus and his Spanish expedition sailed west in such for a new trade route to Far East. As such, the first European power was Spain. Spain colonized the largest areas of North America and Caribbean and extended its colonial territories to the Southern part of South America. Some of the Spanish cities that were founded at the time of colonization were Santo Domingo in 1496, Puerto Rico in 1508, Panama in 1519 and Veracruz or Mexico 1496.
In North America, the Spanish missions were Christian missions and they had Continue reading...

(insert professor’s name)
(insert course)

Through the 1600 and 1700s, Europe served as a center of a large range of change. From evolution of science and philosophy to the development of new political and religious movements and ideologies, many central elements of European intellectual life underwent a transformation. Accordingly, the art and culture of the era adapted to reflect these developments. More importantly, the forms of art and architecture become a means of supporting changing ideologies in the areas of the most change. The evolution of Baroque art and architecture owed its existence to the cultural rebirth of Continue reading...

Introduction

Homosexuality and gay relationships are some of the most controversial issues in the contemporary world. Proponents such as civil and human rights activists support homosexuality and gay unions while religious organizations oppose these issues. Almost all Christian
denominations are opposed to homosexuality and gay marriages with the Catholic Church being at the forefront (Songy, 239). Interestingly, numerous allegations of homosexuality and gay relationships among the leaders of the Catholic Church have surfaced over the last decade adding to the controversy of the issue. The general guideline according to the Catholic Church on marriage is, “a faithful lifelong and exclusive Continue reading...

Introduction

In this self-reflection paper, I discuss how I’ve undergone development with respect to sexuality based on cultural, familial and peer influences. This discussion will draw from various scholarly sources on sexuality and human development.

An Overview of my yester to current years

I was brought up in a Catholic home and the subject of sexuality in that setting was not talked about at all. I have a sister who is two years older than me and we were taught not to have sex until when we get married. I can recall that there were no discussions on sex or birth control or relationship matters. Interestingly, my Continue reading...

There are numerous schools of thought as to the role of religion in the Northern Ireland conflict. Institutionally, religion has different levels in the indirect contribution of the Roman Catholic Church and the direct one of the Orange societies. Other levels include the covenant tradition of fundamentalist Protestantism, the level of relational beliefs, level of cultures produced, and the interface between relational religious and national-political beliefs. The way religion connects to politics and conflicts is different for the each of the two dominant blocs of interest. The role of the Catholic Church takes into account. Majority of the past Continue reading...

Morality is a personal distinction of the right and wrong. What is moral to you might not be moral to a friend, neighbour or even to a family member. Morality is not however equated to ethics. In our readings, we have differentiated the two concepts. While morality is an individual distinction of just and unjust, ethics is a societal standard of right and wrong. For example, bowing to elderly is an ethical standard to most Asian communities but it isn’t in the western communities. An anti-feudal Korean may however find no moral ground for the idea of respect Continue reading...

There are unconventional concerns within the midst of Pope Francis’ governance as the Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic world. Pope Francis was reported to being elected as the 266th pope with St. Peter being popularly known as the first . The defiance to tradition was observed to be immediately exhibited right after Pope Francis’ election when he appeared before the crowd at the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica wearing very simple white vestments . Various reports have disclosed other actions that allegedly breaks tradition include: choosing “to live in an apartment rather that the archbishop's palace, passed on a chauffeured Continue reading...

In “Advent is New Beginnings,” the topic revolves around Pope Francis, who exclaimed his famous remark with regard to homosexuality: Who am I to judge? Whereas said statement by Pope Francis has earned him critical acclaim from circles who perceive his progressiveness in finally changing the traditionally conservative direction of the Catholic Church on homosexuality, it is nevertheless an ambiguous one. Said statement did not include an express statement by Pope Francis stating a definite stand on homosexuality and at the same time, he did not place his leadership on an affirmative stance towards urging the entire Catholic Church Continue reading...

International Project Finance

Executive Summary
The project for mining in the hinterland of Peru Mountains is studied as a case in the paper. The Antamina projects as it is called is studied for numerous management aspects of Industry, Finance, Human resources and other international finance aspects. The financial aspect of project completion is an important part of overall banking regulations is determined. Also the design of workforce, stakeholder dialogue in irrefutable and complex circumstances indicates the strength of community and social impact of such projects. The investment commitment is a particular emphasis as also the promulgation of management think on how to Continue reading...

Buddhism had originated in Bodh Gaya in India about six centuries before Christianity was introduced. Buddhism was very popular in the eastern region of Greece, and it became the official religion of the region’s kingdoms. One of the major types of Buddhist religions is the Tibetan Buddhists whose number of adherents is estimated at about twenty million people. Tibetan Buddhism is majorly practiced in Tibet, Bhutan, Mongolia and western countries. Tibetan comprises teachings of Mahayana, the Foundation vehicle, and Vajrayana. Tibetan Buddhism provides teachings on how to achieve Buddhahood more quickly. Buddhahood is a state where one is Continue reading...

Chapter One: Islamic Literature in the Middle Ages

In the early ages, literary salons were a part of the medieval Islamic culture. These salons were referred to mujalasat or mujalasa. The Mujalasat emerged in Iraq in the ninth century and greatly flourished in the tenth century (Ali, 2010). Thereafter, they spread from Iraq to the west, to Andalusian region of Spain, and ultimately to North Africa. The literary salons had an extended endurance and were part of the Islamic cultural practice well into the modern era (Ali, 2010).
The Mujalasat was poetry sessions that flourished immensely particularly in the age before television had reached peoples’ living rooms. Continue reading...

1. According to Nietzsche, Christianity’s “slave morality” enabled it to achieve supremacy over ancient paganism. What were the fundamental values of paganism and how was Christianity able to defeat it?
In his premier essay “On the Geology of Morals “, Nietzsche lays significant accusations on the nature of Christianity as a bullying religion designed only for the weak, the slaves, and the poor. Critics of this early work affirm that the circumstances under which the essay is constructed lays firm breeding grounds for violence and victimization of other forms of religion or doctrines (Fraser par. 2). Paganism was such Continue reading...

Tribal beliefs before the advent of Christianity in Westphalia

The tribal before the advent of Christianity revolve around the transference of powers advocated by the empire. The real gainers in regard to Christianity were presumed by the treaties of Westphalia that were borne against Ferdinand. The differences that intricate the tribal beliefs asserted from the Protestants that had been won by the two states ordained in the territorial accessions. The profoundly cautionary experience of the tribal beliefs on Christianity was an instructive assumption of the peace of Westphalia. This belief did not seek in imposing some perception of compromised generic Christianity upon the entire continent. This equally endures Continue reading...

Historians have tried so much to set the record straight by giving accounts of the Crusades because there are too many misconceptions about them. In the eleventh century, Christianity and Islam were not at their best in terms of peace. Immediately after the death of Mohamad, Islam waged war against Christianity and invaded formerly Christian dominated regions of the Middle East. They targeted the area around the Mediterranean and were successful so much so that Christianity succumbed. The Roman Empire that had dominated the region for very many years was reduced to nothing (Bentley & Herbert 187). Now the problem Continue reading...

Army of Shadows (L’Armée des Ombres) is an altered copy of a semi-autobiographical novel that was published in the year 1943 by the Joseph Kessel, a French Resister. The novel was set predominantly in the southern part of France, which is popularly known as the Free Zone. This zone was still not occupied at the time of this book’s publication. Marshal Philippe Pétain, a hero and survivor of the First World War, was the government leader based in Vichy. After the disgrace of the downfall, he was seen as a rescuer and liberator who would Continue reading...

Religious equality is the provision of an inclusive environment that promotes values, diversity and maintains a proper environment for all the religious denominations. In any religion there are beliefs however not universal. These values, practices and beliefs have to be respected and taken to be equal before all the other religions. Relevant bodies like the governments and several organizations are called upon to help in the promotion of religious equality by educating the public, exercising equality in public functions and disposal of management tasks (Michael, 61). Such bodies can as well assist by providing goods, services and facilities to Continue reading...

Introduction

Eucharist is one of the rituals in the Roman Catholic Church. It denotes a celebration of the Eucharist liturgy of as commonly referred to, the mass. The start of this ritual can be traced back to the Last Supper. This is the night before Jesus was betrayed. Together with his disciples, Jesus instituted this ritual that entailed the Eucharistic Sacrifice. In this ritual, the Body and Blood of Jesus were sacrificed according to Catholic Catechism (Catholic Church 1323). The presence of Christ in the sacrament that was used in the altar, the Eucharistic ritual honors Christ through the worship Continue reading...

Comparison and Contrast Analysis

The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci, 1495-1498
Art Analysis 2
Virgin and Child, Antonio Veneziano c. 1380
Art Analysis 3
I decided to compare and contrast The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, painted between 1495 and 1498 and Virgin and Child by Antonio Veneziao painted around 1380. The Last Supper is representative of the Renaissance period that had its birthplace in Italy where daVinci lived and worked it housed in a convent, Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. Madonna and Child is an example of Gothic period and is on display at the Museum of Fine Arts Continue reading...

It is estimated in the website of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that for every 1000 marriages, 6.8 or almost 7 marriages will end in divorce. It also has been determined that the leading causes of divorce are: lower income, marrying at a young age, and not having any religious affiliation for one or both the married couple.
Lower Income As mentioned in the website of About.com, researchers have determined that those couples making above $ 50,000 annually have a lower chance of ending their marriage. Having problems coping with the finances of running a household can be Continue reading...

Columbia is a country that lies on the coast of South America right next to Panama City. The country had earlier been under the colonization of the Spanish people around the year 1499. The country had a long history under the Spanish colonizers before they achieved their independence in the year 1819. After colonization and acquiring its independence, the country experienced many internal conflicts whereby there was instability in the country. However, the conflicts experienced have had a reasonable decrease over the last one decade. Columbia was one of the first countries to acquire independence and have a constitution Continue reading...

The Chicano Studies show fundamental changes that this group achieved in bringing social justice within the Catholic Church. Chicano struggles are a clear formulation of political, social and cultural approaches to issues that affect human beings, especially women on a daily basis (Valadez 3). Chicano women transformed themselves as agents of change who would fight for social justice through a variety of forms, which inculcated others to join this fundamental movement in the history of mankind. Through Las Harmannas, these women were able to achieve their targets notwithstanding the challenges that they experienced during this struggle.
Las Harmannas is Continue reading...

[PROFESSOR]

Angels of Despair: A Researched Paper on Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings”
In today's society it is often the case that we exclude the people and the things that do not make sense to us, or more often than not, do not fit in the rules and regulations of good "society." This is especially true in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings." The story takes place in early times, as a baby lies dying from an unknown disease. In a twist of events, a dirty angel falls from Continue reading...

During the Middle Ages from the 5th century to the 11th century, Christendom, specifically the Roman Catholic Church, reigned supreme and wielded almost unrivaled influence over the hearts and minds men. It was, in fact, a period in earth’s history where the Christian Church was at the apex of her power. Her power, however, started to wain during the Renaissance. At that time, there were important developments that, while not stripping the Catholic Church of her power, challenged her hold on power.
What is clear is that events that transpired during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance periods Continue reading...