Essays on Dogmas

The Catholic Reformation was the answer to the Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther, who had weakened the Church. It denotes the period of Catholic resurgence from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Its objectives were to renew the Church and to prevent the advance of Protestant doctrines

Pope Pius IV worked hard on four issues:

• Doctrine. • Ecclesiastical restructuring, with the foundation of seminars. • Modification of religious orders, returning them to their spiritual origins. • Vigilance of spiritual movements, focusing on the pious life and a personal relationship with Christ. The previous included the Spanish mystics and ...

Sexuality

Religion has always played an important role in the life of human, society and the entire states. If we talk about Christianity, namely Catholicism, the peak of its influence was during the Middle Ages. In this period of human history, Europe was sick of the religious fever. Religion affected all aspects of society. The church was dictating its own inhumane rules, imposing certain worldview and lifestyle on people. Religion has never been indifferent to the sexuality and Catholicism especially! Catholic dogmas do not cease to astonish or even shock by its finality and severity. Of course, at the present ...

1. The dogmas are laws and axioms that define a science and all the studies inside that science must follow. It is difficult for an investigator to challenge or dispute a law of axiom of natural science as biology, chemistry or physics; because the current scientific community follows the current dogmas of the natural sciences. In the best of cases, tens of years after the discovery or laws challenging other scientist and investigators must support the idea after the scientific community accept a change in the current dogmas.

Currently, the central dogmas of the natural sciences are:

a. All the pluricellular organisms are mechanical. The animals are considered ...

In his essay called “Christianity and the Survival of Creation”, Wendell Berry accuses Christian church of the insulting indifference that it expresses towards the whole world. While the church claims to be merciful and forgiving, it chooses to ignore all of the issues that are relevant for the modern society. Things like war, rape and murder the Church explains with the fact that God sends people obstacles that they are able to overcome. Instead of engaging into the fight with crime, the church hides behind the doctrine of acceptance. Berry is also outraged with the fact that Christians tried ...

I have recently attended a lecture on women’s rights given by a local female activist. She brainstormed about the issue of lack of women’s rights and why it was so important to recognize it and start working on it. She stated that until the time when women are able to feel comfortable in their workplaces and get paid as much as men do, our society cannot call itself liberal. This paper proves that the problem of female discrimination is a serious flaw on our society as it gets on the way of many women’s career development. ...

Thatcherism is typically described by analysts and political experts to be an ideology which espoused achieving a supported governing competency with the reconstruction of traditional conservative tenets with a focus on autonomy over a series of issues, they deemed as issues of “high-politics” Moravcsik, 1991). Specifically Margaret Thatcher’s rise to power in came on the heels of post War World II, a deteriorating industrial based economy and the provision of abysmal governmental services and a deep seated crisis of the state during the mid-1970s (Gamble, 1988). These “new politics’ within the Conservative traditions emerged during a recession and ...

The social development of the current world has been influenced by the religious manifestations since the oldest times. Past and current religions have shaped societies as they are nowadays known, with religion playing a major role in establishing people’s morals, attitudes and believes about life. As religion has played such a major role in humans’ lives since it can be traced, it is no wonder that it has received considerable attention in literature. Three such literary pieces that explore the nature and the effects of religion on society are Emily Dickinson’s “She Rose to His Requirements”, Mohsin ...

- The mind or to be more specific, a person’s state of mind serves as an important factor in determining the incorrigibility of the different forms of knowledge. According to the fundamental that Descartes thought, a person’s existence is present as long as he or she has the capability to think. This can be considered as a method of doubt. This is actually one of the most prevalent and most effective methods of doubt because it allows an individual to doubt anything in a world that can be full of factors, variables, and considerations such as mathematics, physics and other fields ...

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Heyrman Christine Leigh’s “Southern Cross: The Beginnings of the Bible Belt” goes hand in hand with Greenberg Kenneth’s concepts on the depiction of southern men. Both texts present the structural relationship between the social elites and those considered to be at the bottom of the societal pyramid. In this case, slaves held the last place as per the laws by the white people. Heyrman points out that the turn of the century brought changes that shook the south and said changes did not have the perfect qualities ...

This paper is an analysis of the papers published by renowned authors discussing their approach and stance towards logic and rationality. This paper aims to compare the work of 4 renowned authors to come to a comprehensive understanding of the philosophy of logic and rationality and how it can be interpreted differently in different situations as according to the context and the play of words and other linguistic tools. The four renowned authors whose work will be up for comparison and evaluation in this research paper include the likes of Willard Van Orman Quine and his paper titled “Two Dogmas ...

The Eucharist had been surrounded by controversies and unresolved disputes between the representatives of different churches for over a thousand years. The priests, schoolmen and bishops disagreed on the connection between the bread and wine and the flesh and blood of the Christ; their disputes revolved around the procedural issues, and the impossibility of finding the common ground eventually led to the formation of different approaches toward the Eucharist and its elements. During the history of the Eucharistic liturgy, the number of people participating in it was gradually rising, while the level of the participation was falling down. Finally, the ...

Literature Review

In the beginning the, the ancient –medieval intellectual system of the Aristotle provided a concrete background for the development of the stable and harmonious natural phenomenon which was considered to remain unchangeable (Mozaffari,359-368). Even more ancient than this, was the idea that the celestial phenomenon place direct effects on the happenings on the earth. This very perspective is in itself reflective of the egocentric perspective of the human mind which seems to be one of the major characteristic of the activities of the human mind and display itself in the day to day activities ( Richardson, p.309-311). One of the ...

A doctrine refers to a body of instructions or teachings in a branch of knowledge. Moreover, a doctrine can be explained as a principle of law that is established through a history of past decisions, and is accepted either by a religious, political, scientific, or philosophic group. Contrary, a dogma refers to set of principles by an authority that is considered incontrovertibly true. A dogma serves as a primary basis part of an ideology, and a change in a dogma leads to effects in a systems way of administration. Dogmas are further defined as opinions from a religion, political authority, public, or philosophers. Doctrines are things that are declared as truths ...

Abstract

Popper’s View on Science Applied to Management Theory

Introduction

Popper’s view on science disregards the induction, considering that theories must be submitted to experiments before considered scientific, otherwise things, if they cannot be experimented, theories are not scientific, but of other nature, such as metaphysical, and the philosopher aims to differentiate between the empirical science and the metaphysics (Corvi, 2005). This perception contributes to expanding human knowledge, because taking knowledge for granted determines scientific stagnation, while testing proven theories as falsifiable leads to further discovery and learning new theories, generating scientific advancement. Applied to management, Popper’s view ...

Introduction

It is important to understand the Confucian of the Eastern religions are based on two intrinsic values. These values are hierarchy and justice. Focusing on Justice, Confucian though has great respect for humanity. Life is highly sacred according to the doctrines and dogmas of the Confucian thought. This means that humans are believed to originate from a supernatural being from which they trace their form and guidance. The respect for this supernatural being is achieved by living according to the teachings of the Confucian philosophy. This means that the adherents embracing the Confucian thought have to demonstrate that their faith ...

Introduction

The oldest religions that exist in society today date back two or even three millennia. Hinduism known as the world’s oldest living religion has its origin dated back to the late Neolithic age (5500-2600 BCE) and even the modern Hinduism that is based on Vedas finds its roots in sacred texts written dated to 1700-1100 BCE. Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and many of the other sects of major religions we see today have developed over hundreds of years as far back as twenty five centuries ago. It is but natural that the original philosophies that have given birth to ...