Essays on Stained Glass

Works of art can communicate critical information on the times in which they were created. Different time periods and different cultural backgrounds provide the stylistic and media elements of a work of art. There may be no specific intent to portray the times, but that is what happens when the artist creates a work of art in a particular artistic period. Examples of art works from two distinctly different times and cultures will demonstrate how the art in the Medieval period of European history and Pop Art from the late mid-20th century differ. The Medieval period in art history ...

Biography of the Sainte Chapelle

The Sainte-Chapelle, French for Holy Chapel, is located in Paris, France. It was built in the traditional gothic style for the time, and it was accomplished over the span of seven years . Cohen mentions Sainte-Chapelle’s original purpose was to be a religious temple for previous Christian vestiges, it is rumored that should Christ’s Holy Grail ever have been found it would have been placed here. Moreover, The Shroud of Turin likely would have been put here, as well . The supposed crown of thorns worn by Christ at the time of his death, according to Weiss, was housed ...

Chartres, France

The monuments and architecture in ancient times allow talking and narrating about the historical background from the angle of time in which they were built. Through various signs, they inform us about the prosperity, decline of the reigns and empires as well. Thus, they are the major means of communication. They can tell us a lot about the economic, political and religious circumstances of the specific region. They also narrate the contemporary architectural trend. In medieval Europe, especially in France, the Gothic architecture was at its pinnacle. Cathedral Notre-Dame de Chartres is one of the Gothic architecture examples in ...

Abstract

'Gothic' term represents medieval art that carries a strange history. The style of art developed in Northern France and spread to the rest of Western Europe. Late Gothic art expanded well into the 16th century before getting consumed by the Renaissance art. Gothic period carries splendid examples of sculptures, stained glass, fresco, panel painting, ivories and illuminated manuscripts. The essay offers a perspective on the popularity of Gothic ivories and how they encouraged the devotional practice. The ivory diptychs were used as sophisticated tools and were seen as physical vestiges of the divine. Gothic ivories were the visual cues ...

The Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Notre-Dame Cathedral located eighty kilometers to the southwest of Paris is perhaps the best-preserved example of Gothic architecture. It stands in the town of Chartres next to the Eure River. The Cathedral has two contrasted spires that are visible from a distance (See figure 1). It was built for a period of 26 years between the years 1194 and 1220 and is the fifth cathedral to stand on its site (visual-arts-cork.com 1). The Chartres Cathedral stands 34 meters high and 130 meters long (visual-arts-cork.com 1). The architecture of the Chartres Cathedral amazes ...

The primary purpose of this essay is to explain how Cathedral of Notre-Dame, also referred to as Chartres Cathedral relates to the culture of the time and how the building was a product of its cultural and political conditions. Chartres Cathedral is situated in Chartres, towards the northwestern France and one of the prime examples of French Gothic architecture. It is well famous for its stained glass and different sculptures ranging from column statues to miniatures. A fire in1194 destroyed most of the cathedral, which was later reconstructed (Chartres Cathedral 2016). The church is made of limestone and displays ...

1. Name two powerful forces molding the development of Romanesque (and Gothic) art and architecture: a. Pilgrimage b. Monastic movement 2. Which cathedral was the starting point to the pilgrimage to Santiago, Spain?

Vezelay cathedral in France

3. What was at Santiago (or maybe who)?

The church in Santiago was believed to house the bones of St James

4. Why did people go on pilgrimages? Cite five reasons. a. to plead for divine help b. to ask for the cure revealed c. to give thanks for favors given d. to ask to forgive their sins e. for the salvation of their souls 5. Whose relics were at Vezelay?

The relics of Mary Magdalene

6. What 3 objects or garments marked ...

Introduction

The medieval Islamic city was influenced by the enthusiastic patronage of art and architecture, examples being Mamluk rulers and the amirs of the Mamluk era. The architectural projects from this period comprised of both small and multifaceted complexes. The buildings helped the society in many ways and could be used to hold important functions, religious and commercial activities amongst others. Buildings were developed in the form of mosques, hospitals, kuttab, and Kurf amongst others. The architectural projects demonstrated the urban and artistic order that was significant in ensuring that the fundamental pillars of Islam were observed within the society. ...

(a)When you arrive at work on Monday, you get a call from Java Distributors, who tells you that the week’s coffee cannot be delivered until Tuesday afternoon. You believe this is a clear breach of your contract with Java Distributors. What should you do? Fully discuss all of your options, and choose the one that is best for your business.

A contract provides the duties and obligations of each party privy to the contract. It also offers the remedies which are available to the parties in case of a breach. In this case, java distributors are responsible for the breach ...

The history of glass can be traced back to 3500 BC in Mesopotamia and the first jar made of glass was made in 3000BC. The first historical archaeological evidence of glass was discovered in ancient Egypt along the Mediterranean coast where it is estimated that that the first glass like object was discovered from the slug waste that was used from extracting metals. Indigenous production of glass progressed commercially in 1730 BC, and in Ancient China took out late as compared to metalwork and ceramics. It later took a giant production root that saw it to become among the leading ...

Abstract

There are many churches around the globe which is dedicated to an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary and each varies from their foreign counterparts. The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro is one of these churches and gained both praise and scrutiny from its construction. Praise was given because of its almost perfect similarity to St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome and attention to detail while scrutiny was directed towards its lavish creation and location. This paper will discuss the history, features and criticisms of the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro in Cô ...

The origins of stained glass are not clear, but are believed to have emerged from 10th century depictions of Jesus Christ and Biblical scenes. Stained glass is achieved by using metallic salts to color glass during manufacture. Abbot Suger, named the father of stained glass, believed that the presence of beautiful objects lifts people’s souls and brings them closer to God (Homan, 2005). He described the light that emerged from the glass as “heavenly light.” There is a belief in the spiritual symbolism of light as caused by stained glass and its power to support worship and glorify God. ...

The Middle Ages were the period of European history dating from the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 476A.D. up to 1453 and started when the Ottoman Turks of the Middle East captured Constantinople. The Catholic Church grew more powerful and influential during that time. Governed by bishops and archbishops under the papal authority from Rome, the church became more dominant in the medieval society. Nuns and monks lived together in a house called monastery, devoting their lives in the service of God. In this period of turmoil and instability, many people turn to God in order to survive. ...

The Big Sleep, by Raymond Chandler, is a story about a private detective, Philip Marlowe, who was tasked to help figure the problems of a wealthy family, the Sternwood family. In his role as detective, Marlowe becomes entrenched in an intricate web of problems troubling the Sternwoods. Although the initial issue focuses on the disappearance of one of General Sternwood’s employees, Marlowe realizes that as he uncovers one problem after another, each one is directly related to the other. Each character has a story to tell and various angles arise that contribute to the thickening plot. In addition, the novel presents various ...

Part 1

Question 1 Bible from Paris ca 1250-1275 Illuminated manuscripts are some of the best known objects from the Middle Ages. Made and illustrated by hand, they are truly works of art. Monks and nuns were often the creators of these books as monasteries were centers of learning. Manuscripts were used by the monks or churches during liturgies (Department of Medieval Art and the Cloisters, 2001). Other manuscripts were commissioned and used by royals and aristocrats or by universities that started to emerge during that time. In a world where the printing press that made books widespread had not ...

Chapter 12 : Christianity and the Medieval Mind

- The seven sacraments are: - Baptism – symbolizes the beginning of the commitment to God and the reborn as sons of God. It symbolizes death to sin and resurrection with Christ. - Eucharist – It is the body and blood of Jesus who gives to men as food for eternal life. - Reconciliation – through repentance and confession of sins, men ask God for forgiveness and He offers through this sacrament new life. Through this sacrament the state of Grace is recovered. - Confirmation – it symbolizes the deepening of the commitment with God. The Holy Spirit is ...

Proportion and visual harmony have always been primary concerns in designing sacred buildings. Although both the Byodo-in in Japan and the Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Reims in France, are world-class examples of beautiful architecture, it is doubtful that the designer of each would appreciate the work of the other. What did these differing approaches consider important, and how are they successful? Where is the sacred in these buildings, how does a believer approach it? The Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Reims was the coronation place of France. The process of building it began in 1211 and was completed in 1275. ...

Analysis of Architecture at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City

New York City, the U.S. holds within its territory, a famed gem, in the name of St Patrick’s Cathedral, midtown Manhattan, which is symbolically set in Neo-Gothic Architecture. Being a Roman Catholic Church, it is a prominent landmark, as it is the sitting place of the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of New York. It primarily serves as a parish church, and is located along Fifth Avenue, between two streets, the 50th and 51 Streets; facing the Atlas Statue, and directly across from the Rockefeller Center. It is a masterful, massive Gothic structure, set uniquely amongst New York’s Midtown, which is adorned by ...

Early Christianity adopted many of the Pagan rituals as it evolved. The influences of Paganism can be found in the symbols Christians use as proof of their faith, the buildings they worship in and the ceremonies they participate into the holidays they celebrate. John H. Newman the author of Development of the Christian stated, "The use of temples, and these dedicated to particular saints, and ornamented on occasions with branches of trees; incense, lamps, and candles; votive offerings on recovery from illness; holy water; asylums; holy days and seasons, use of calendars, processions, blessings on the fields, sacerdotal vestments, ...

Introduction

Each of the architectural designs has its own outstanding and unique features that make them stand as original. In history, we can take note of the Romanesque architecture of the Medieval Europe between sixth and tenth century. Two centuries later, it evolved into Gothic architecture, commonly applied in building medieval cathedrals, which lasted for four centuries to the sixteenth century. Apart from these being history, there are specific architectural elements that in the eyes of the medieval builder are the result of not only technical but also spiritual quest.

The technical aspect of the gothic cathedral

The gothic architecture was preceded by a period of transition: the ...

Art and Architecture

Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Cathedrals

The European Gothic style architecture offers the world beauty in the spiritual domain in three dimensions. Gothic cathedrals in each European country have unique characteristics of the culture of the country. Medieval builders and architects used great thrusts of tower design to reach the Cathedral closer to heaven. The building of the magnificent Cathedrals in Europe from the 12th century until the early part of the 1600s can make one puzzle over the reason those years are often called the Dark Ages. Even from photographs on the Internet two Cathedrals in France ...