Essays on Manufacture

Statistical process control

What is Statistical Process Control? It is a tool (discovered by Dr. Walter Shewart in 1920) for making analytical decisions. It is employed in checking whether a process is going on in the correct way or not. All processes have got inconsistency in form of variations an thus it needs to be determined if it is natural or if correction is needed. This is what entails quality control. In Statistical Process Control, process control charts are what determine if the process at hand is in control or not (Chase e.tal 2006).

Process Control charts are used during the period ...

Activity 1 Newt

In an organizational setting it is of utmost importance that the information of the organization is available and readily accessible to the clients and potential investors to the company. A network diagram as provided below is important to demonstrate the workings of an organization.

The rational used in the approach taken here is dependent on the business model which is defined by variations which include the social and economic aspects of the organization. Further, consideration of characteristics such as the infrastructure strategies, trade practices, operational policies as well as the operational concepts provide a clear understanding of the organization.

The best practices applied for the net work technology include the insights on monitoring an organization’s projects, establishment of information centre to assist in training and research to enhance business technical skills. Subsequently, the globalization aspect informs the use of net working technology since over the years the world has become fully integrated with the inception of wired and wireless infrastructure which has further been made easier by the amalgamated telecommunications, an aspect that has increasingly led to the modification of data to effectively manage the assurance intensity.

As discussed above, it is critical for an organization to develop networking strategies and plans to ensure security and most importantly, connectivity. As such, it is required that the management of a corporation devices the best possible ways to offer and convey information regarding its services in the most appropriate way in a bid to reach as many customers as possible. The best way for a company to create an access to information regarding the services and workings of the organization has been the option of creating a network of the ongoing activities within the organization. This makes it easier for a potential investor or client to understand the services offered as well as the activities of an enterprise. The easier the access to information concerning a company, the higher the chances of increased investor confidence and consumer base.

Activity 2 Ecology

The environmental issue which is which is important is the universal politics on noxious chemicals found in electronics. This is both a local and a global issue which has brought about many arguments on how to dispose of the electronics which have outlived their use.

The responsibilities of states to maintain a clean and healthy environment for the citizens has necessitated the producers of the electronics to be more vigilant on the materials used in the production of electronics devices since the disposal of the same has in the past been a subject of speculation due to the increased short and long term harmful effect on the affected population and the subsequent call by the global political leaders to regulate the electronic industry in areas of production, supply and disposal. However, such regulatory calls have also caused mixed reactions from the modern politics with the developing countries in particular having difficulties in advancing environmental policies aimed at regulating the electronic industry for the fear of repelling and subsequently driving out the electronic industries. It therefore creates an obstacle in the advancement of environmental policies especially in the third world countries as well as the in the developing countries.

Faced with the dilemma of inconsistency in the approach to curb the negative environmental effects of the electronics, it is important that a global solution be sought. The solution may very well be found by treating the challenge along the thinking of the human rights approach which is a global concern order to look at the issue at a universal perspective rather than leave the individual countries to unliterary face the problem alone. As such, a global framework coupled with the declarations to that effect may be a long shot but with the cooperation of majority countries especially countries where companies producing the electronic devices, a clean environment will surely be achieved through quality supervision.

Activity 3 Ecology

Composting is a natural way of disposing biodegradable organic waste such as wood, crop remains, leaves, food waste among others and subsequently turning the same to fertilizer for crop production. It is carried out in restricted aerobic circumstance which basically is a way of using the fungi and bacteria to break organic material to simpler substances. The consequence of composting may either be harmful of beneficial; the later however far outweighs the former. With regard to the benefits of composting include;

The food waste contributes a higher percentage of the environmental pollution. Therefore, composting the kitchen trimmings and food waste helps in preventing the waste from finding its way into rivers and streams. It also helps in the reduction of pests and the use of pesticides in the production of crops. This is because the organic manure on soil has a greater ability to repel pests and diseases. Compositing is a simple way of producing manure to plants and therefore it is mostly carried out in domestic settings and this also creates an opportunity for the teaching of children the characteristics of nature and essentially the life cycle. Lastly but by no means least, composting enables famers to save money since the materials used for the process of composting are readily available and it leads to own production of manure as opposed to buying and thereby spending money.

However, composting also has its disadvantages which consist of; smell - compost usually does not have a pleasant smell and therefore pollutes the air. The other disadvantage is that one cannot compost everything therefore one may manage to prevent pollution only on the aspect of organic matters but helpless when it comes to inorganic matters.
I should compost in order to preserve the environment, produce healthy plants, to save money, to get rid of waste that usually draw pests and for convenience sake.

References

Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnston, R. (2010). Operations management. Boston. Pitman Publishers. Pearson Press.
Wenling Tu and Yujung Lee. (2010). Science or politics? Problems with advancing environmental policies in managing electronics production. Arlington. Press.
Terris, M., (1987). "The Profession of Public Health" Training, and the Future of Public
Health. Board on Health Care Services. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Darnell, et al. (2008). Histories of anthropology manual. University of Nebraska Press.
Dyer, John Percy (1966). Tulane: the biography of a university, 1834-1965. Harper & Row.
Lyla, M. and Hernandez. (2003). Who will keep the public healthy? Educating public health professionals for the 21st century. Washington D.C.: National Academies Press.
Insam, H., Riddech, N., Klammer, S. (2002). Microbiology of Composting. Springer Verlag, Berlin New York. Press.

Technology as a tool in disaster management has its disadvantages, which can have serious consequences. Every shred of technology in existence today came to be as a result of man’s discoveries and invention. Man by nature is a creature bound to make mistakes from time to time thus any technological equipment has its loopholes which cannot be realized immediately if several tests are not carried out. Technology keeps changing as man discovers advanced way of improving the performance of technological devices that had been previously invented. Technology therefore is vulnerable since it gets replaced by newer and faster ...

Question one

Job costing is also known as specific order costing. It is suitable if it is possible to identify separately cost units of each job. Thus, after identifying a job it becomes possible to cost it individually. The job should be of a reasonable size and only relevant costs are included. It can be applied in contract costing, where, each contract is considered a different job and all costs incurred in respect to the contract are charged. Therefore, profit of the contract will be the difference between the contract price tag and the cost. This is commonly applied in auto ...

In the traditional methods of absorbing overheads, the costs were allocated to the various products based on the production output, sales, head count or the square foot occupied by product operations. There are several disadvantages of traditional methods. First of all, it leads to under costing and over costing of the products. Due to the arbitrary allocation of overheads by sales or production output, the company is not able to see the hidden costs and profits of the different products. It also distorts profitability analysis. Furthermore, it causes the manager not to pay attention or particular detail to the ...

The current paper makes an effort to explain the concept of and comparison between job order costing system and the process costing system with a view to provide help in the process of decision making regarding the adoption of the costing system in question. Various views were considered in order to enable this study and make it instrumental in deciding upon the required costing system to be adopted in the company.

The conclusion submitted is based on a thorough comparison between both the costing systems. The various industries where these two costing systems are dominantly used ...

Arguably, at the end of 18th century, France and England underwent great revolutions, which later changed the lifestyles of people in the world. England underwent industrial revolutions, while France underwent the French revolution. Industrial revolution took place between the year 1760-1850, transforming the lives of people, through manufacturing, methods of making a living, as well as the products that were made available. On the other hand, French revolution took place within 1789-1799. Perhaps it was an intellectual and political revolution. The two revolutions had its differences and similarities, based on its causes as well as impacts.
Undoubtedly, the concepts ...

Innovation in our life activities should be tailored towards sustainability of our environment. This can only be achieved by taking into consideration, all other living organisms around us. Sustaining the global population now depend so much on production and consumption habits and activities of humans. Having our activities and plans supported by the consideration of other plants and animals around will create an enabling environment that is harmless to both humans and other living species. Several human activities and habits have been found to be destructive as regards to the maintenance of the ecosystem. Those habits contributed greatly to the extinction of beautiful plants and animals that have once being a treasure to the environment. Those animals play different roles in contributing to the sustenance of the environment. However, many are no more now. This is a major environmental issue that needs to be addressed. This will be done by considering some of the major ways or habits related to consumptions and production of important environmental materials.

Deforestation is a major human consumption habit. This has contributed greatly to the destruction of the plant community. It is as a result of the human need for wood for shelter or expansion of a community as a result of plan for a mega city or construction of different industries. These activities have several impacts on the tropical forests environment. Those impacts are both on the plants community and the animals that lives within the forest. The implication of that is that; there will be destruction of the plant by destroying their shelter and also destruction of the plants that could serves as their food. There are other several effects on the earth caused by deforestation.
Preventing deforestation is a way of sustaining the destruction of the forests and the associated organism. This directly and indirectly affects our lives. Several policies and legislation have been provided by the American government and European Unions to preserve their associated forests. Some of these policies are being planned to help control emissions from the forest degradation while some are in place to help protect the tropical forests. Climate legislations such as American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES) are a major legislation with different component serving to protect the environment (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011). Forest reserves also help prevent those degrading human acts and researches have shown this to be effective way of maintaining our tropical forests (Adeney, Christensen, & Pimm, 2009).
Urban sprawl is a production habits related to material resources. This is because it involves building of new houses and construction of different urban development components. This is all about city or community expansion into areas that are rural especially to those areas of land surrounding the expanding city. This city sprawl will be associated with several forms of destruction and production of pollutants to the water bodies around, land and air. Pollutants are from the process of conversion of the land into the concrete regions.
Increased gas consumption could be related to another human consumption habit because of the effects the habits tend to have on our environment. More gas is being consumed by the industries, vehicles, homes, and turbines or generating machines. Those produce different substance that contributes to greenhouse effects. This has led to extinction of various species and so many are still about going extinct. An important mode of solving these issues is to improve upon the use of Renewables. This form of energy reduces the need for increased gas consumption. It also reduces the rate at which all those greenhouse gases will be produced hence an added global advantage.
Plastic and waste products are some of the human production habits related to materials. These products contribute to degradation of the environment in different ways. Those materials when destroy by burning results in pollution and when left untouched contribute to large amount of waste product that can also contribute to polluting our environment. The important modes of solving this issue is via the manufacturing of recyclables which helps reduce the need for waste product disposal. Producing recyclables also affects our economy positively hence improve the sustainability of the global population.

References

Adeney JM, Christensen NL Jr, Pimm SL (2009). Reserves Protect against Deforestation Fires in the Amazon. PLoS ONE 4(4): e5014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005014.
Retrieved 29 November, 2011 from http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005014
Union of Concerned Scientists, (2011). U.S. Policy and Preventing tropical deforestation. Forest Solutions.
Retrieved 29 November, 2011 from http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/forest_solutions/us-policy-and-preventing.html

For Guillermo Furniture Store, the analysis of the break-even point provides the amount at which the total fixed cost is the same as the total contribution margin. A difference occurs between revenue and variable cost. The Guillermo’s production units are 1,885 and 377 for mid-point and high-end respectively. Guillermo has to decide which of the three options that he has to provide a solution to the situation the company is facing at present. In making the decision, Mr. Guillermo has to put into consideration the extra costs and their benefits. The decision making process involves opportunity cost, ...

In order to transform from batch and queue operation to lean enterprise, Integrated Supply Chain must strive to do more with the little it has. In that endeavor, we, as an organization, must use the least amount of effort, equipment, energy, materials, facility space, time and capital; and at the same time give our customers exactly what they need. To achieve this, we have a five-step plan of action. We intend to specify our value, which can only be defined by our ultimate customer and not the experts, the engineers nor the pre-existing organizations who would only add complexities ...

1. The goal of this research is to discover the real nature of the problem and to suggest new possible solutions or new ideas.
This research example may be categorized under the exploratory research. Exploratory research is the research of a new topic or phenomena on which prior information is less or not available. As the example at hand aims to uncover the root cause of the problem, exploratory research may provide the ideal foundation for conducting research. The solutions required are supposed to be unique in nature; therefore, exploratory research might contribute towards identifying these new methods. Furthermore, ...

Strategy, process, product and services are terms that are used to describe the nature and status of the business. It a combination of the terms that are used to explains activity progress according to the level of business at a certain time. Strategy is defined as the plans that are employed by the business management in achieving the identified goal. It involves methods or the series of activities in the business operation. Process in the business set up is a systematic procedures or series that are followed in operation. It shows the steps that are taken in the business ...

Introduction

However, this industrial revolution led to a series of problems both social and economic. Among these problems was the fact that Britain had become the world’s most urbanized country. This meant that almost half of the population of Britain at this time was living in cities. This led to several social problems mainly in the areas of education, healthcare and housing. There were also several economic problems that would face Britain after 1870. The emergence of new industrial powers in Germany and U.S.A meant that Britain’s industrialization was facing a decline. The UK had for so long ...

Introduction

Geometrical dimensioning and tolerance (GD&T) Is a system that is used by engineers to communicate the tolerance. GD&T uses a symbolic language that is on the engineering drawings, and other computer generated that are three dimensional solid, and they describe the nominal geometry and the variation that can be allowed. GD&T used by manufacturer of machines to know the degree of accuracy and precision that is required on very controlled component of the part.

Importance of GD&T

Understanding of GD&T helps to read the drawings for the engineers and helps one to know what has to be machined carefully. That is the ...

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Introduction

The car manufacturing could be one of the largest industries in Europe. This industry produces cars for different countries in which the manufacturers are facing several issues. Doing such business in Europe can be challenging as there are some existing legislations that they need to follow, which could greatly affect the industry’s profit. Competition among car manufacturers in the European Union is very high. Each company may have their own marketing strategies, despite the economic challenges and competitive issues among the car manufacturers in the industry while ensuring that existing laws are strictly followed. ...

Introduction

Logistics management is an essential part of any manufacturing or trading organization’s success ratio; the basic function of logistics management is to supervise the movement of goods and services from one place to another by different means of transport such as sea, rail, air or road. Logistics management is a critical part of the supply chain management that plans, controls and executes the effective, efficient forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and necessary information between the point of origin and the point of destination, in order to meet the customer’s needs (Importance of Logistics, ...

Operations management is very crucial a process in the control of activities and decisions involved in the production, maintenance and delivery of goods and services. In encompasses all the activities and responsibilities that are employed in managing resources in production, maintenance and delivery of products and/or services. In at least every organization, there exists an operations arm that is mandated with such tasks of decision making and responsibility taking in trying to manage a company’s resources. This arm of management is usually headed by an operations manager who is responsible for supervisory work in managing these resources that ...

Introduction:

Bronze vessels of the Shang period have been preserved largely due to the fact that, they were buried in the tombs of the great of both female and male figures. Their primary use at the time of their manufacture was in banquets and temples at which the sacrifice of food was offered to their royal ancestors. They were buried with their owners so that they could continue to sacrifice to the higher powers even after they had died and become ancestors in their turn. As such, the vessels were evidence of power, an aspect that became even more sharply ...

Lean manufacturing helps GM to control production to meet customer needs by applying organizational design, planning and looking at employee function. This is possible as Lean Manufacturing aims at making GM an excellence entity in quality and utilizes management control techniques and technologies. Furthermore, it has enabled GM to reduce the quantity of resources used by the firm in providing goods and services for clients. it has also contributed to the aspect of making the organization efficient, as its entity is to eliminate waste and therefore using less labor, materials and time in order to give clients what they ...

This economic analysis will concentrate on three important industries- construction, manufacturing and healthcare. Between 1993 and 2013, there was a continuous increase in employment. This indicates that the sector was expanding and hence the need for additional labor. A similar trend is observed in manufacturing and healthcare sectors. However, an analysis of the nature of the trend in each sector reveals different results. In the construction sector, the overall employment change was 13.1. In the manufacturing sector, it was only 6.5 while it was highest in the healthcare sector at 17.5. These figures hypothesize that the healthcare sector had ...

Toronto-Detroit: How Toronto is in danger of becoming like Detroit..

Detroit and what are the measures required to be taken to stop that.To start with we will discuss
Shortly about both these cities and their respective economies and social conditions.
First talking about Detroit, it is a city in the U.S state of Michigan.It is also the largest city across

America-Canada border with a population close to 5.2 million people, known as World’s

Traditional automotive center.The biggest reason for the setback for its economy was gradual
Movement from manufacturing to services.To be clear concentrating to one industry that is
Automobile and neglecting the others.At one time due to good position in economic ...

Introduction

In any manufacturing firm, the location and design of plant lay are two crucial factors that determine the efficiency of the processes. A good plant layout should be able to convert raw materials into finished products in the most efficient and economical manner. There are various types of plant layouts depending on the products; processes involved and the site space available. Before deciding on the layout to adapt, considerations such as availability of waterpower and space are important.
Able Co. manufactures harnesses and cables and its location to a green field will have to make decisions pertaining to which ...

Introduction

Everyday, people around the globe dispose tons of waste material that are harmful to the environment. The amount of waste released to the atmosphere on a daily basis is high, yet there are other ways of ensuring that the environment is safe. This can be through recycling or proper disposal of these wastes. Architectural firms play a key role creating waste products that are then emitted to the environment. This paper looks at various ways of obtaining raw materials to be used in architectural firms, the manufacture of primary raw materials to secondary raw materials and the manufacture of ...

Background of the Issue

With increasingly difficult organizational structures and continuously evolving markets, modern companies face more severe competition. This competitive market environment is no longer determined by the high level supply and demand curve and product features, as it used to be somewhat forty and even thirty years ago. Contemporary businesses have to learn to compete on price and upstream effectiveness to be able to develop sustainable competitive advantage in their respective markets. Past decades put in focus an emerging trend of production and manufacturing outsourcing, where large corporation found a great cost advantage in offshoring their operations in lower labor cost ...

Abstract

This paper contains analysis and discussion of the proposed distribution channel, members and organization for an assisted living facility in United States of America. The proposed distribution strategy was borrowed from Emeritus Senior Living Home. The facility shall have a direct and single distribution channel under Corporate Vertical Marketing System form of organization.
Introduction Distribution is the process of delivering goods and services to users, consumers or businesses. It is one of the most critical functions of businesses which ensures that good and services reach intended consumers. Emeritus Senior Living uses direct means to distribute its assisted living services ...

The current workflow is analyzed with a view of finding the most appropriate workflow that will be more effective than the current one. Shuzworld has to consider a number of things considered in this scenario to be able to enhance with efficacy the productivity of the company.

The table shows the production time for the boots.

The above shows the graph of the time against projects
Looking at the graph, the projects that take the highest time is A, D and H. the high level of the three projects reduces the amount of G and, therefore, Shuzworld need to reduce the level from eight to five as is ...

a. Purpose of Managerial Accounting
Managerial accounting is the process of preparing accounts and management reports that provide timely and accurate statistical and financial information. Managers require such information in making short and long term decisions (Wild, Shaw and Chiappetta, 2013). Unlike financial accounting that produces annual reports used by external stakeholders, management accounting generates reports means for an internal audience and use.
The objective of management accounting is to improve on the effectiveness of both control functions and management planning. Management accounting serves four functions; cost control, cost evaluation, management planning and performance evaluation. It provides information to ...

Chemical engineering is concerned with the manufacture, research and development, sales and use of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food and consumer goods, petroleum products and many more products. Civil engineering deals with the construction, planning, operation, design and maintenance of systems and facilities to improve and control the environment rendering it suitable for modern civilizations. Mechanical engineering is concerned with machine design, energy production, materials, control and transportation. (Bandura, A., 1997) Computer engineering pertains to aspects of software, hardware, software-hardware trade-offs as well as basic modeling techniques. Electrical engineering deals with a host of issues ranging from delivery and generation of ...

[Institution’s Name]
Businesses always take effective strategies in order to ascertain the growth of the company. Businesses are made to increase the financial belongings in particular and mitigate the inline expenses. Accounting and finance are two different things and provisions from the standpoint of an organization and the aspect of both of these things are important and significant from the standpoint of an entity .
Effectively managing and controlling the things are some of the important provisions from the standpoint of an entity. Therefore, operational department is one of the most integral and important departments from the viewpoint of ...

AutoEdge is an American automotive supply company that produces engines and transmission parts. Our products are known for quality and dependability which are the features that have secured AutoEdge as a trusted supplier to the major automobile manufacturers in the US. In 2005, we decided to close manufacturing operations in the US and begin outsourcing to South Korea. This decision was driven primarily by competition. Our rationale was rooted on the premise that outsourcing to a reputable South Korean manufacturer would enable the company to retain profits and still maintain the delivery of high quality products. The strategy worked ...

Introduction

Traditional and well-known manufacturing companies often struggle to implement newer process changes and manufacturing practices in business. Economic order quantity was a popular concept in the early part of 20th century. Almost all companies then used economic order quantity purchasing policy. Most of the companies probably benefitted from implementing economic order quantity (EOQ), but some failed as it was not relevant for the product type and industry. In the later part of 20th century, many new manufacturing process techniques came into limelight. Just in Time system, Toyota Production System, Theory of Constraints, MRP and ERP systems, TPM, Lean manufacturing ...

Linear Air founder, Bill Herp, had many expectations from his customers once the company starts operating jets in an air-taxi business. The company faced competition from other airline companies such as Dayjet and Pogo Jet. In order to win the competition, Herp focused on value creation for both his suppliers and customers.

For suppliers

Herp aimed at getting suppliers who could manufacture Very Light Jets (VLJs) because these aircrafts had better price-to-performance characteristics and high engine technology. Linear Air preferred Eclipse jet suppliers to Piston aircraft and Turboprop aircraft. Unlike Piston aircraft and Turboprop suppliers, Eclipse jet was capable of operating ...

TOYOTA

The advent of new age technologies has brought a change in numerous aspects of people lives.
Similarly the systems and procedures that the organizations now adopt is more geared towards using methods and materials that are more environment friendly and don’t harm or deplete the natural cycles in any way.
Toyota is one organization which shown a great commitment towards a sustainable environment in terms of manufacturing plants and products designs in view of sustainability, besides Toyota is actively engaged in programs to improve the environment ranging from, eco driving, vehicle recycling to name a few (Toyota Production ...

Abstract – The solar power technology has been under development for a long time. Solar power has been a sure source of energy for many people living in remote places. One area of concern has been the use of solar panels in tapping the solar energy. There is research going on in the way solar cell performance is enhanced. There are technologies that have been developed to enhance the tapping of the solar energy from the sun. One technology that is gaining attention of engineering researchers is the use semi-conductor material to manufacture solar cells. In this area, there are ...

While much has been hypothesized regarding benchmarking, it is of the essence to note that it primarily connotes to the practice of identifying, comprehending, and adjusting the prosperous business processes and practices employed by other firms. The primary intent of benchmarking is to enhance the success of the business. This is because the practice benchmarking allows firms to employ similar strategies that are likely to be employed by their competitors; hence, offers an equal competing platform. Worth noting is the fact that benchmarking as a business practice is applicable for both manufacturers and service-oriented firms. While it is true ...

Lowell town was named after Harvard trained and Massachusetts born scholar, Francis Cabot Lowell. Lowell was also an industrialist and died in 1817 at the age of 42 years. F.C Cabot Lowell had gone to Britain for treatment where he learnt about the textile manufacturing industry. At the end of his two years stay in Britain, he returned home and started applying the expertise he had learnt in Britain. Together with his accomplices, he opened Boston manufacturing company, a company established along the Charles River. (Coburn, F.W. 1920). The Lowell Company became so successful and was a great attraction ...

Riordan Manufacturing, the international plastics manufacturer, employs about 550 people with planned annual earnings of $46 billion. Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion, owns the manufacturing company. Riordan’s manufacturing is separated into the following three groups: plastic beverage containers made in Albany, Georgia; normally prepared plastic parts in Pontiac, Michigan; and plastic fan parts made ​​in Hangzhou, China. With the goods being produced at the different parts of the world and different makes, Riordan’s major clients are motorized parts producers, aircraft builders, the U.S. Department of Defense, beverage bottlers and ...

Project organization

The project organization type for development of this motorcycle must meet the required standards. The best type of project organization for developing this class of motorcycles is the functional organizational structure. This project will be managed under the current structure of the organization. It will suit the development of this motorcycle project since the components of the project will be executed by the functional units of this organization. After kicking off the project operations, each unit of the organization will be managed each the project component assigned (Hayman, 2011). In order to manufacture motorcycles of over 1100cc, this company ...

Management

Spartan has been in the field of manufacturing ‘Heat Exchanger Equipments’ for many years. Gradually, many new companies emerged in the field that increased the competition. The main competitors belonged to Korea and Europe, who specialized in the manufacturing lines and delivery time. Spartan should adopt new technology and improve the production line to cause the lesser wastage of material and ensure more efficient production lines through manual working.
The inventory records of the company had discrepancies, and there were always complaints from the manufacturing unit regarding the shortage of raw material. Inventory entries related to available raw material ...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is usually defined as "Certain expectations that society has of organizations on economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary levels at a given point in time" (Carroll and Buchholtz 2003, p. 36). The idea of corporate social responsibility implies moral, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities of organizations along with their responsibilities to earn a fair return for investors and comply with the law. Legal and ethical responsibilities that the companies have toward their clients are to provide the standards of care which correspond to what they promise of their products, establishing certain ethical codes of contract in order ...

Introduction

Accounting and finance are two different things and most of the people have been regarded them as similar things. Accounting is the name to record the day to day transaction of a company, while finance is the name of utilizing the funds of an organization at a place from where the likelihood of earning would be on a higher place. The concept of accounting and finance is totally different with each other but most of the people regarded both of them as single and identical one. Accounting is the name of to record the day to day transaction of ...

Management

In order for Chuck Keown to accomplish the changes he envisions, five important activities and resources would aid the process. These five elements include supporting an unlimited mix of standard products, becoming a process focus manufacturer, diversifying the selling centers, targeting consumer preferences and take orders directly from the consumers.

Supporting Unlimited Mix of Standard Products

Supporting an unlimited mix off standard products would include manufacturing products that consist of variant styles and offered in predetermined sizes. If such changes are made, Chuck will enable the LWT to produce the products in required batches depending on the size combination and the popularity of every style. ...

Emerging Markets: Brazils quest for Comparative advantage

Why is Brazil’s agriculture so competitive? Why do its manufacturing industries lack competitiveness?
Brazil is one of the world’s leading countries in agriculture. It is a significant player in such products as beef, poultry, soybeans, sugar and coffee – in which the country is top producer, exporter or even both, according to the case. What is more, Brazil provides more than half of world-wide ethanol export.
The main reasons for such a high Brazil’s agriculture competitiveness are climate conditions: lots of sunshine, soil and water. What is more, Brazil possesses the biggest territory in the South America ...

Last decades have seen substantial changes in the business world including deregulation, increasing competition and growing expectation of consumers (Atrill and McLaney, 2009, p. 134). These changes have brought about more competitive and dynamic environment across all industries. This paper examines how the changes affected the costing practices used by the company and recommends the ways to tackle the problems posed by the new environment.

Rising overheads

Two or three decades ago manufacturing enterprises like Fabricator inc. featured (Atrill and McLaney, 2009, p. 134) the following:
- Direct labor was one of the dominating elements of total manufacturing costs.
- The ...

Introduction

Managing the inventories in the modern manufacturing operations is a tough process. Many manufacturing plants, both big and small, are facing problems in managing their inventory properly. Hence, companies are exploring new systems and software that can help in managing the inventory properly. One of the most popular software that is used to efficiently manage inventory is the Material Requirement Planning or MRP. MRP helps the companies in taking informed decisions regarding the efficient management of the company’s inventory (Vonderebse & White, 2013).
Other than helping companies in efficiently managing their operations, they also help them in improving the ...

[First Last Name]

English [Number]

[Date Month Year]

Introduction
Originally, 3D printing technologies were designed for nonbiological materials, such as metals, ceramics and thermoplastic polymers (Murphy and Atala 6). However, recent advances have enabled 3D printing of biocompatible materials, cells, and supporting components into complex 3D functional living tissues, giving rise to a new technology referred to as ‘3D Bioprinting.’ However, unlike non-biological 3D printing, it involves important complexities, such as choice of materials, cell types, growth and differentiation factors, and technical challenges related to the sensitivities of living cells and the construction of tissues (Murphy and Atala 1). Overall, 3D ...

Individual Sustainable Development Assignment (ENGG107 2013-14) v1

Product or Process or System Selected (Friday 25 October submission)
The sustainability of aluminium     
Brief description of the scope of product, process or system , its
market situation and your Sustainable Development concerns
(Friday 25 October submission)
This paper explains the element aluminium. It provides an overview of the existence of aluminium, its physical and chemical properties, the main uses and areas of application in the world and its sustainability as an airplan manufacturing material. the paper also covers the flow process of the manufacture of aluminium right from the ore to end use products and recycling. It provides details ...

Problem #1.

We have to calculate all 4 possible positions of the finish product manufacturing and compare them all.
TR1 = 0km .25km+ 60km 1.50km+ 70km .60=90+42=132TR2=60*0.25+0*1.5+90*0.6=69TL=40*0.25+45*1.5+25*0.6=92.5TM=70*0.25+90*1.5+0*0.6=152.5

Hence, the best location of the finish product manufacturing is at the point R2.

Problem #2. The table is given in the .xls document. From that table we record only the data mentioned in conditions (on specified years):
As we may see the goods producing sector remains approximately on the same level by years, slightly growing in the last 15 years. But the services producing sector has significantly grown from 1977 to ...

Abstract

The use of a systematic approach which eliminates wastes by the creation of a flow that is determined by customer pull has greatly transformed process design in organizations. This approach is known as lean thinking while the process of deploying this methodology and achieving its aim is known as the Lean process. This paper describes the concept of the lean process and manufacturing with focus on the Toyota Production System. A brief history and background of the lean process is described and the background of the Toyota Production System is also described.

Introduction

Several organizations today are making the lean ...

Carbon (C) is a chemical element of atomic number 6 and belongs to group 14 on the periodic table. Carbon is a nonmetallic element and it’s the sixth in abundance in the universe. Coal is the most readily available source of carbon. Carbon in its raw form is of little value and has to be processed into commercially applicable forms. Commercial carbon appears in three allotropes: graphite, amorphous, and diamond. This is a research paper on carbon, its applications and negatives effects on the environment (Jefferson Lab).

CARBON ALLOTROPES

Amorphous carbon is the resulting black material when a carbonaceous fuel ...

Iron

Iron as a chemical element is referred to by the symbol Fe and has an atomic number 26 on the periodic table. Iron is a metal in the first transition series and is the most abundant element on the outer and inner surface of the earth.

Iron was discovered in 2000 BCE when it replaced bronze in manufacture of tools and weapons and ushered in the Iron Age. Iron was first used in South-Central and South-West Asia. Iron was picked over bronze because when it is blended with carbon, it becomes harder and durable. Iron can also hold a ...

Categorically, in Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures, he believes the government has a responsibility in the economy. Hamilton asserts that in order to protect the independence of the US, the government ought to possess a sound policy with a role in encouraging the growth and development manufacturing industry (Hamilton n.p.). Hamilton explains that through the mentioned government role, everlasting feature of the US economic system would get secured.
Prevalently, Hamilton had two major proposals. The cited proposals got based on tariffs and provision of subsidies to the US industries. Hamilton’s proposal on tariffs was that the tariff ought ...

Following the increased wastage in the inventory management of the organization, the organization focuses on changing its type of inventory management from ABC technique to just in time technique. To make this change the company has made effort to make the employees understand the reason as to why the change is required. The process of the change is similar to Lewin’s model of organization change.
First, the organization has seen has seen increased wastage in its inventory management by the use of the ABC analysis technique. To enhance acceptability of the change the organization has involved the employees ...

Figure 1 Manufacturing steps involved in EDM 4
Figure 2 Classification for main research areas in EDM. 6
Figure 3 Sequence of first, second and third generation of 3D Printing . 7
Figure 4 Different processes of 3D Printing. 8
Figure 5 3D Printing of Prototype car 9
Figure 6 New Development and design of reticle Assembly 11
Figure 7 Comparison between cost of assembly & manufacturing . 12

Alternative Manufacturing Processes

FOREWORDS
Manufacturing processes are vital for both developed and developing countries of the world. Developed economies depend heavily on manufacturing industries for their revenues and, as a result, different kinds of manufacturing processes ...

Summary overview:

The manufacture of beers has been in existence for quite a long while. Similarly, Keg beer has also been around for decades, although it has gone through a series of evolution to make it more desirable to consumers. In the process of all the evolution, the keg has become cost efficient and significantly reduced in its weight. From its initial manufacture, kegs were stored in wooden materials. This later changed as technology advanced, to usage of synthetic kegs which can withhold high pressures.
The assembly of keg is simply a process of few steps such as collection of the ...

1.0 Introduction
Many sports played across the world that involves throwing, hitting and kicking are done so using a ball. However, many parameters such as humidity, materials of manufacture of the ball, size of the ball, etc. control the movement of the ball in air. Research on golf balls and tennis balls reveal their aerodynamic properties and the various parameters affecting their flight. The effect of seams on a baseball on the flight has been evaluated along with the relationship between rotation and lateral forces (Watts & Sawyer 1987). Similar studies have also been conducted on cricket balls, rugby balls, ...

(Study Program)

Introduction

The costing processes both before and after the manufacturing process are quite intricate practices. Thanks to the conventional methods of garment-related costing, the industry follows patterns and guidelines already laid out. As such, tracing every cost in the process is quite a daunting task. However, in the modern estimation methods of garment costing, industries follow some standard procedures that take into account all activities pertaining to the manufacture of a garment. Such activities include; cost of raw material, accessories, knitting fabrics, sewing, transport, general overheads, etc.
Foe effective garment costing, companies familiarize themselves with the costs, techniques, ...

India: An Automobile Hub in the Making

Part 1
Prior to 1991, India had protective investment policies that prevented foreign direct investment to flow into the country. For the financial stability, India depended on the bilateral loans from politically closer countries. Foreign firms were allowed to have equity less than forty percent and that too were overlooked by government authorities. The laws were against propagation of foreign brands, but Indianised hybrid brands were allowed for example Hero-Honda, Maruti –Suzuki, etc. Because of the restrictive trade and investment practices, India was not connected to technologies available in the developed countries. Also, India lost many labor –intensive export ...

Riordan Manufacturing is the famous plastic manufacturing company that deals in plastic beverage containers, plastic fan parts and custom plastic parts to fulfill demand of industrial customers from foods, beverages, appliances and other sectors. The company is owned by Riordan Industries that enjoys its reputation as a Fortune 1000 company. Riordan Manufacturing has strong presence across USA followed by expansions in China and other global countries. The core competitive strategy of Riordan to improve Innovation and sustainability across US is induction of state-of-the-art production plants and equipments to accomplish higher production targets and reduced usage of raw materials such ...

Introduction

Cost is the amount of money an organisation spends in producing a unit of the product. There are various types of costs incurred in producing a unit of the final product. Some of these costs are fixed and some are variable. Some costs are distributed among various products being produced in an organisation. Accounting for all these costs to derive at final value of a product is known as cost accounting. The paper aims at contrasting the two main types of cost accounting systems, which are process cost accounting and activity based accounting system.
The paper is divided into ...