Essays on Cortical

Post-stroke dysphagia, a potentially fatal complication, affects an estimated 23-50% of all stroke survivors. It is associated with a seven fold increase in the risk for aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia increases the catabolic demands of the body and in the settings of impaired swallowing leads to a vicious cycle of malnutrition, dehydration, and further infections (Shaker & Geenen, 2011). Dysphagia affects a significant number of patients with hemispheric stroke which is the main subtype of ischemic stroke in the general population (Kumar et al., 2011). The functions of swallowing are subserved by a vast brain network. The inferior peri-rolandic sensorimotor ...

HW How does the mechanical property of human bone compare to properties of cattle, horse, and pig? (Compare Modulus of Elasticity, Ultimate tensile strength, Ultimate compressive strength for Tibia and femoral bone) The modulus of elasticity of the human femur bone is 17.6 GPa, which is higher than that of the pig-14.9 but lower than that of the cattle-25.0, and horses-25.5 (Pal 30). Similarly, the modulus elasticity of the human tibia bone is 18.4 GPa, which is higher than that of the pig-17.2, but lower than that of the horses-23.8 and cattle-24.5. Explain how many structural layers exist in ...

The concept of "social brain" is one of the challenging and advanced concepts of the modern neuropsychology. In addition, the "social brain", as a concept, forms a completely new approach to the study of social psychology and brain pathologies. Research and development of this concept contributes to the discovery of the social and psychological development of a person. The thematic justification of this study is important because it allows tracing the relationship between the social cognition and social behavior of a person, which is basic in the context of psychology, sociology, and neuropsychology. The development and use of the " ...

Abstract

Healthcare providers and physical therapist involved in the management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders, the inclusion of an imaging modality would enhance and improve medical diagnosis of such conditions. Based on current evidence, the implementation of physical therapy is highly recommend before the inclusion of an imaging modality. In such cases, physical therapist would require a robust, comprehensive, and feasible diagnostic imaging modality. In the US, there is an increase in demand for physical therapist which enables them to practice in over 45 states. The privilege of imaging referral or inclusion of imaging modalities as an adjunct to screening ...

The human brain is the most complex part of the human body that is very hard to understand. Our brains behave in a way that neuroscientists and psychologists have never understood. Its ability to control body functions and consciousness is one of the most challenging section that these individuals are still struggling to figure out. The human brain capacity of 1350 cc and it is made up of a very complex network of neurons that develop during the last three months of development (The Function of the Human Brain, 2016). The way we perceive the world around us is ...

I. The Mind and brain of Short-Term Memory This article discussed about major psychological concepts associated with short term memory and the manner by which the impact brain mechanisms. There was the inquiry about the characteristics of the memory system that permits humans to complete specific tasks. In this article, the focus is on three contexts underlying short-term memory and these are inline according to the premise concerning a) the structure of short-term memory, b) the processes that operate on the accumulated information, and c) the mechanisms of short-term memory that accounts about the process of forgetting. There are ...

Patient and Study Identification

The patient is a 10-year-old boy sent by the referring specialist neurologist, whom the patient visited after his mother had found him experiencing seizure twice during the past month. The patient was first diagnosed with absence epilepsy when he was 5 years of age, and has not experienced seizures since he was 8 years of age. The purpose of this electroencephalography (EEG) study is to identify the type of epilepsy in this case so that the patient can receive the correct treatment.

History

The patient had a normal birth and experienced healthy development until the age of 5, when his ...

Secrets of the Mind by V.S. Ramachandran Secrets of the Mind with V.S. Ramachandran The secret functions carried out by our brain first came into the attention of Dr. Ramachandran while examining the case of an amputee, Derek Steen, who lost his right arm above the elbow in a car accident. His condition garnered a curiosity in Ramachandran when he (Derek) reported that he had felt tingling and stroking sensations in his right arm (that was removed surgically) while shaving the left side of his face. This opened an opportunity for Dr. Ramachandran to study phantom limbs in detail. ...

The development and functioning of the brain is greatly reliant on specific dietary components. As an example, glucose is the primary nutrient component that provides energy for the brain. For this reason, carbohydrate intake is crucial for the functioning of the brain. Gu et al. (2015) article “Mediterranean Diet and Brain Structure in a Multiethnic Elderly Cohort” offers a glimpse on the implications of Mediterranean diet on the development and functioning of the brain. The article is based on a scientific research carried out in 674 elderly respondents. Gu et al. (2015) study sought to establish whether increased cortical ...

Abstract

Given that the relationship between music education and mathematics education has been speculated for a long time, the study seeks to investigate whether music education has effect on mathematics education or not. It is perceived that children who learn mathematics through music and dance tend to be more active, and would retain the same information well even by verbal instructions. Using a controlled randomized experiment, the study will involve 6th grade school going children from one city. Before the tests are administered in the factors, as music and mathematics, letters seeking permissions from parents will be sent. The letters ...

The development and functioning of the brain are greatly reliant on specific dietary components. As an example, glucose is the primary nutrient component that provides energy for the brain. For this reason, carbohydrate intake is crucial for the functioning of the brain. Gu et al. (2015) article “Mediterranean Diet and Brain Structure in a Multiethnic Elderly Cohort” offers a glimpse on the implications of the Mediterranean diet on the development and functioning of the brain. The article is based on a scientific research carried out in 674 elderly respondents. Gu et al. (2015) study sought to establish whether increased ...

INTRODUTION

Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) is an enzyme that plays a significant role in the metabolism of dopamine (DA) and amounts to approximately 60% or more of DA breakdown in the frontal cortex . The gene expressing the COMT enzyme could affect cognition and functioning of the brain via its action on dopaminergic function. A polymorphic variation occurs in the coding area of the COMT gene (a Guanine to Adenine replacement), changing the amino acid from valine (Val) to methionine (Met) at the codon position 158 (Val158Met) and consequently influencing the thermal tolerance and stability of the enzyme. Allelic discrepancies in enzyme ...

While most people are familiar with a number of leading theorists in psychoanalysis, particularly Sigmund Freud, and possibly Adler and Jung, most people would not be familiar with Karen Horney, considered to be the “fist psychoanalytic feminist” (Hergenhahn & Henley 525). Horney disagreed with several concepts introduced by Freud, especially his focus on unconscious sexual motivation and the division of the self into 3 parts: id, ego, and superego. She believed that social experiences had a greater influence on the creation of self. During the Depression, she found that her clients’ problems were caused by unemployment and the inability to ...

Summary: In the article titled, “Abnormal Cortex Plasticity in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy”, the authors investigate the role of defective motor plasticity in the pathogenesis of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (Strigaro et al.). Prior to this study, JME was linked to motor cortex hyper-excitability and to the abnormal function of thalamic networks. This study, identifies a new mechanism that can cause JME, a common form of generalized epilepsy seen in children. The motor cortex plasticity was studied using an interesting technique called the Paired Associated Stimulation (PAS). The details of this technique are discussed in the methodology section. The role of ...

Introduction

Aphasia is a disorder that attacks the sensory system. The person is unable to use the oral, written, auditory comprehension adequately. The interpretation of objects, sounds and feeling is impaired. It is highly associated with diseases such as stroke which leads to paralysis of the brain and nervous system in general. It can also be caused by tumors or cancers that affect the brain as well as any vascular problems affecting the circulation supplying the brain tissues. The problem does not affect the intelligence of the person, but rather their synthesis and interpretation of the same information.

Are all types of speech difficulties aphasia?

All speech ...

Summary of the article

This article is about a study that was conducted to check the abnormal short latency synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex of subjects with Becker muscle dystrophy (BMD). Before the research could take place, the author indicates that the assessment of the cortical function especially with patients with BMD has brought about contradicting results. The researchers used the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) so as to explore the excitability of the motor cortex. Therefore, the participants of the study were thirteen patients suffering from Becker Muscle dystrophy. Out of the thirteen patients, six of them are stated to have ...