Essays on Neural

Abstract

The immune and nervous systems are two body structures that have different functions. Moreover, most people may not be able to readily identify the and the relationship between these two. While the immune system is responsible in protecting the body from destructive and invading pathogens, the nervous system is tasked to relay information to the brain. This process allows for the proper coordination of the different functions of the body. In general, the concept of the connection between the nervous and the immune systems stems from the theoretical idea of stress. Stress is denoted both as a physiological and ...

The concept of "social brain" is one of the challenging and advanced concepts of the modern neuropsychology. In addition, the "social brain", as a concept, forms a completely new approach to the study of social psychology and brain pathologies. Research and development of this concept contributes to the discovery of the social and psychological development of a person. The thematic justification of this study is important because it allows tracing the relationship between the social cognition and social behavior of a person, which is basic in the context of psychology, sociology, and neuropsychology. The development and use of the " ...

Question 1: Uses the correct term for chronically recurring seizures.

Answer: Epilepsy Question 2: Determines if the patient in the scenario has epilepsy. Answer: J.G. does not have epilepsy. She has only had three previous cases of seizures prior to which she had not experienced any seizures. The current cases were triggered by the cesarean section thus too early to refer to the condition as epilepsy (Ko, 2016).

Question 3: Identifies possible conditions, besides brain injury, that contributes to the lowered seizure threshold for the patient in the scenario.

Answer: Apart from brain injury, lowered seizure threshold can occur as a result of infectious illnesses such as AIDS, meningitis as well as developmental disorders such as neurofibromatosis and autism (Ko, 2016).

Question 4: Describes the pathophysiology of a seizure.

The brain and the nervous systems functions within a ...

Media Consumption and Materialism/Consumerism

Globally, consumption and materialism have become a fundamental component of the prevailing culture. Humans consume a myriad of products and resources that extend beyond their basic necessities to include technological innovations and luxuries aimed at improving efficiency and quality of life. Throughout history, consumption beyond basic needs has served as a method of boosting human happiness. Hence, excessive consumption does not necessarily pose harm to human life (Shah). Increasingly, however, important issues regarding media consumption and materialism have emerged in recent decades. As such, this study examines the neuroscience of human emotions, the use of recreational substances, and the ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. Some of the problems identified included ...

What do you believe is the greatest achievement that the health care industry has made from both the patient and provider perspectives? Why? In the past decade, there has been significant improvement in the maternal and infant health with respect to the healthcare industry. The rate of neural tube defects and infants born with heritable or metabolic disorders have reduced owing to new diagnostic and treatment modalities. In the early 1990’s, the US government led to the implementation of folic acid fortification in all cereal grains that were termed as enriched. This movement led to the reduction of ...

The requirements of today's market are not only a high level of service, reliability and flexibility, but also achievement of minimum cost. Expert experience has shown that management optimization allows the supply chain to achieve a significant improvement in performance, such as cost reductions in various categories, reduce inventory levels while increasing service levels, improve the accuracy of forecasting and planning quality and so on. The need for modernization is not only dictated by short-term supply chain needs in the economy, but also medium and long-term development plans. The leaders focus on strategic business results, looking for opportunities to ...

Happiness in human beings is drawn from both environmental experiences and biological constitution. Every human being chases happiness though it is elusive due to our biology and environment. As Hansen affirms, “50% of our happiness is genetic”, it translates that happiness is derived from genetics and other factors like behavior. Pert asserts that “having the confidence to believe that almost anything is possible can translate into being able to heal.” The power of believe can be the answer to happiness and avoiding the distress. Each environmental experience battles with the biological nature of a human being to either lead ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract: This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. This research paper includes an in-depth ...

I. The Mind and brain of Short-Term Memory This article discussed about major psychological concepts associated with short term memory and the manner by which the impact brain mechanisms. There was the inquiry about the characteristics of the memory system that permits humans to complete specific tasks. In this article, the focus is on three contexts underlying short-term memory and these are inline according to the premise concerning a) the structure of short-term memory, b) the processes that operate on the accumulated information, and c) the mechanisms of short-term memory that accounts about the process of forgetting. There are ...

Muscle contraction is a very important activity that enables an organism perform various bodily movements and flexible actions, in response to nerve stimuli. Muscle fibers are multinucleated long cylindrical cells that have an outer membrane called sarcolemma, and are mainly composed of contractile elements called myofibrils (Dougherty, 2016). Myofibrils are made up of repeating units called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres in turn are composed of (thin) actin and (thick) myosin protein filaments called myofilaments (Dougherty, 2016). The muscle fiber structure and organization is shown in Fig 1.

Contraction Mechanism – Sliding Filament Theory

According to the sliding filament theory, during contraction myosin filaments remain constant in length, ...

Article Review

Scholl, Theresa and William Johnson. Folic Acid: Influence On The Outcome Of Pregnancy. The

Folic acid has considerable impact on pregnant women and the improvement of fetuses. According to Scholl and Johnson, folic acid is an extremely crucial supplement that all pregnant women require for the purposes of maintaining the well-being of the fetus during its growth and development. The article captures the importance of folic acid by noting that it prevents the fetus from developing what the authors refer to as neural tube defects, promotes healthy growth of the fetus, as well as aiding in the prevention of ...

Smart watches

It is evident that smart watches have revolutionized the contemporary and highly technological world tremendously. However, the current use of smartphones only offer a glimpse of what smart watches can do in the future when its application is fully embraced. Consequentially, the application of smart watches is postulated to stretch beyond its current range of use that merely involves the retrieval of data from other devices and the collection of information from both external and internal sensors. Given, smart watches are invaluable wearable gadgets when it comes to the collection of personal information including blood pressure and heart rates. ...

Secrets of the Mind by V.S. Ramachandran Secrets of the Mind with V.S. Ramachandran The secret functions carried out by our brain first came into the attention of Dr. Ramachandran while examining the case of an amputee, Derek Steen, who lost his right arm above the elbow in a car accident. His condition garnered a curiosity in Ramachandran when he (Derek) reported that he had felt tingling and stroking sensations in his right arm (that was removed surgically) while shaving the left side of his face. This opened an opportunity for Dr. Ramachandran to study phantom limbs in detail. ...

A neuron is a specialized type of cell that helps in impulse conduction in the body. It is a basic unit of communication in the body. It receives and initiates the information reception and transmission to all parts of the body. The structure of the neuron is made of several parts that include dendrites, Soma (cell body), nucleus, cell membrane, axon, myelin sheath, a node of Ranvier and terminal Buttons or axon terminal (Marieb, 2004). The figure below shows the structure of the neuron. Figure 1: structure of neuron (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2010). For neural impulse to occur, the stimulus ...

The heat was intense. The orange light shone on the desert, drying up the remaining puddles of water into vapour, rising into the atmosphere. A lizard crawled slowly, almost dying, parched and with a hide so leather like, one would think it was crisp fried. Slowly, I heard the intense ringing of the siren. Waaang waaaang waaang. It was time to get inside our shelters. The shelters were not made of concrete. Unlike the olden days, concrete was the material of choice. All buildings were once made from stone, from cement mixed with water to form hard solid blocks. ...

The elevation or lowering of an individual’s mood can be attributed to one or more disorders that affect the psychological well-being of the affected person. Mood disorders can cause depression, anxiety, and generally create a personal environment for the affected individual that is difficult and even impossible at times to handle. Many people who suffer mood disorders seek therapy or medication, or both, to help get through each day. From a psychological standpoint mood disorders are a debilitating effect that can have a great impact on an individual’s life. There are several types of mood disorders, and ...

Pregnancy presents a unique condition and it is of utmost importance by the care provider to conduct all the necessary assessments not only for the purposes of securing the health of the mother but also that of the unborn (London et al., 2015). The first weeks of pregnancy present a unique phase of pregnancy since most birth defects occur during these initial weeks. Examples of the defects include; neural-tube and congenital defects. This makes it necessary to conduct thorough and comprehensive assessment of the unborn and the mother so as to prevent the occurrence of these conditions. As such, ...

Bodie, Z., Kane, A. & Marcus, A. J. (2014). Investments. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. The book reviews investments on a broader aspect when it comes to the business market. The authors of the book got the information through secondary sources on the topic. The secondary sources had to be during the period not more than ten years from the publication of the book. The book focuses on how financial prediction is used to determine a worthy investment in the business market. The book is useful as it looks at asset allocation and its treatment for future options and derivative security ...

Abstract

In the recent times, scientists in the discipline of artificial intelligence are confused which approach closely imitates the structure of a human brain. The best two approaches are bottom-up, or the top-down, and they comprise of both their advantages and disadvantages. The top-down approach has the capability to perform high-level tasks since it is programmed (Russell et.al 27). On the contrary, the bottom-up approach is capable of modeling the lower-level human functions such as motor control, image recognition, and learning capabilities. Each method operates perfectly where the other method is imperfect. Therefore, to establish the advantages and disadvantages of ...

Influence of Temperature and Neurotransmitters on Heart Rate in crayfish

TA for the Experiment: Introduction The cardiovascular system achieves key physiological functions in animals. Particularly, crayfish (Procambarus clarkia), also known as freshwater lobster, have been used to study physiological processes. This is because it is easier to study them in this species than in any other organism. In Crayfish, the circulatory system is open. Blood moves from the heart through the arteries and goes back through the open sinuses. Their heart is located in the cephalotorax, in front of the first abdominal segment, in the dorsal portion. Basic heart rate beat and rhythm in adult crustaceans depends on a ...

Literature Review on Fracking

Introduction The extraction of natural gas has been seen the much-needed reprieve in the face of increased energy demands globally. The natural gas present unexploited energy reserves that can be used to meet the energy deficits in the countries where there are natural gas deposits. Its extraction requires the use of advanced technologies. Fracking the main technology used in the exploitation of natural gas from the rocks beneath the earth’s surface where it is trapped. The biggest proportion of the new wells for the exploitation of natural gas (90%) utilizes hydraulic fracking as the technology of choice. While ...

Myelomeningocele is a very severe form of spina bifida among fetus. It is a condition where the spinal cord fails, making it a very delicate procedure during surgery of a fetus. This is in the sense that it can impact the nervous system, kidneys, bladder, muscles and bones. The only safe and recommended way of treating myelomeningocele is carrying out a surgery on the fetus after birth (Mitchell, et. al., 2004). During delivery of the fetus, the safest and recommended way of carrying out a cesarean section delivery on a pregnant woman is through open fetal surgery, that involves ...

1) Brief summary: The article focuses on research that was done regarding the effects of aging of the brain and its relationship with interactions of the brain's network. The researchers believed that there would be a positive correlation between the increased interactions among these brain networks and the healthy aging of cognitive functions. Generative models were used in order to overcome the challenges related to natural changes in the brain related to aging as well as the flexibility of neural activity. The study found that aging does in fact influence the cognitive capacities of adults. As people grow older, ...

Summary: The interaction between the limbic system and the subcortical dopaminergic system, is important in the experience of reward by the individual. The hypothesis in the present study is that, increased excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex, exerts a suppressive effect on the interaction between subcortical dopaminergic system and the limbic striatum structures (Ferenczi et al.). Lack of a reward seeking behavior is seen in patients with depression and MRI studies in these subjects have identified increased excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex. This finding was suggested as a rationale for the study. The experiments were designed to demonstrate ...

Summary

The neural network controls physical activities. Recently scientists have found out that the neural network can be observed to show different levels of activation depending on an organism’s mental activity. Scientists have gone further to devise actual methods that detect brain activity in particular instances. The brain and the neural network never stop working; however, certain tasks cause the brain and the neural network to work faster, harder and more intensely (Garcia). These unique activities usually register or appear as spikes or dips in the never-ending sequence of brain activity. Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators (GEVIs) are a promising ...

Introduction

Newborns come into the world, fully possessing the ability to perceive the environmental signals and react to it. Babies can see and hear, smell and touch, feel pressure and pain. They can choose what to look at. They learn, although their abilities are limited. The first 2 years of development are characterized by astonishing speed and depth in comparison with changes in any other 2-year period of human life. There is an amazing transition from a deep ignorance about the surrounding objects, sounds and smells to gaining basic knowledge about objects and people, language and daily activities occur during ...

Project Title:

Geotechnical and Structural Design for Composite Pile Description of the Problem: Composite piles are significant element of the structural design and stability of a number of constructions, including marine environments, bridges and more. As such their strength and durability is tantamount to both their longevity and the safety of the structures that they support. The following study will focus on geotechnical design as a means of increasing vertical and lateral load, through structural design, to improve the durability and weight bearing capacity of the design.

Methodology:

The methodology which will be used is a meta-analysis of existing studies. While it ...

The present essay describes the seminar on 5HT receptors and Hippocampus Stem cells. Mood and anxiety both are disorders related to cognitive behavior, and they have the similar genetic origin as well as treatment strategies. The research has exhibited that similar neural serotonin receptors are involved in pathological condition of mood and anxiety. Among all cognitive disorders, 10% are related to mood while 15-20% are associated with anxiety, showing mutual comorbidity of 30-60%. The lecturer talked about the Stem cells and neurogenesis in brain citing a quote “In the adult centers, the nerve paths are something fixed, ended, and ...