Essays on Cross-Sectional

There are times when a nursing problem arises as a result of a number of findings, and these findings are pulled together into a summary in order to see the big picture created out of these findings. This act of pulling together is what Brown & Ochs (2018) calls a systematic research review (SRR) or systematic review, which helps researchers identify “what is known with certainty, what is tentatively known, and what the gaps in knowledge are regarding an issue” (p.175). It serves as a link between the individual studies performed and the decision making done in order to create ...

Lab report: electrical conductance

Lab report: electrical conductance

Introduction

Electrical conductance is the property of an electrical conductor that determines how fast it contacts – how easily current flows through it (Shaw, 1911, p. 281). When a potential difference is applied across various types of conductors, current flows through the conductors at different rates. The rate at which the current flows through a particular conductor for a particular potential difference is dependent on the specific property of the conductor, referred to as electrical conductance. Conductance determines how well current flows through a particular conductor. Conductance is the inverse (reciprocal) of the property of the conductor ...

Abstract

Background: When animals get sick, their owners use a variety of means to treat them. One of the means is the use of antibiotics. However, antibiotics are used for several other reasons that are not therapeutic based. The result is the development of antimicrobial resistance, some of which is passed to humans during the period of treatment. Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the transmission of the resistance to antimicrobials to human beings during the treatment of camels using Tylosin in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive method using the survey research design. Structured questionnaires were ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Summary The research question addressed in the research summary table is “What are the factors and predictors of nursing burnout?” Two studies, i.e. Davis et al. (2013) and Wang et al., (2015) contained convenience samples; so the results of the studies do not apply to all students. However, the number of samples in the studies was sufficient to get a statistically significant result. All the studies utilized the responses of the participants through surveys and questionnaires. Studies by Allen et al., (2015) and Wang et al., (2015) were also cross-sectional in nature. All of the studies ...

Abstract

Regression analysis estimates the value of a random variable (dependent variable) for a given value of an associated independent variable. The regression equation provides the formula for such a calculation. In the present case, which is about the analysis of the dependence of total monthly sales on the monthly customer traffic, the consultant first examines to see if there is a correlation between the two variables. To achieve this, the consultant uses the scatterplot, plotting the points on a graph. After analyzing the scatterplot, the consultant is convinced that there exists a strong positive linear correlation between the two ...

CT scanning is a medical process that uses accurate x-rays in medical imaging of organs inside the body. The process is fast, accurate and can detect internal injuries, diseases, and hemorrhage. CT scanning involves producing images in different planes including 3-D, which can then be observed on a computer screen, in print or copied to a DVD. This method is more favorable than traditional x-rays because it is more detailed and can be easily manipulated by a physician. CT scanning provides excellent details of internal body organs, bones, soft body tissues, and blood vessels. CT scans can diagnose conditions ...

Introduction

Health policy can be defined as a plan or decision combined with actions to achieve specific healthcare goals by implementing key strategies within the society (WHO, 2016). As per the World Health Organization (WHO), an explicit health policy is known to be associated with several success factors such as development of a vision for the future and establishment of key targets for the short and long-term. Health policies enable organizations, institutes, societies, and groups to define outline, propose new goals, and inculcate different roles across various healthcare sectors (Záliš, et al. 2016). Healthcare policies are known to unite ...

Abstract

Materials exhibit different chemical and mechanical properties such as strength and durability. Combining different materials to form a material composite enhances their individual properties in different measures. In this experiment, the mechanical strength of composite sandwich structures was investigated through bending. Four samples were investigated for their properties on bending and strength. Three of the four polystyrene beams were reinforced with paper while the fourth beam was investigated without paper reinforcement. One of the beams was bonded with construction paper on one side; the next bema was bonded with construction paper on both sides while the third beam was ...

Methodology and Research Design

The choice of a methodology in a research is based on the properties of the methodology and their ability to meet the purpose of the study in a qualitative research or to answer the research questions in a quantitative research. The analysis of the methodology chosen by the researchers can shed light on the appropriateness of the choices with respect to their ability to meet the purpose of the study. This paper explores the methodology and research design chosen by Humphrey & Symes (2010) in their article on Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism ...

Introduction

Tobacco smoking is considered to be a major health issues around the globe and is also claimed to be the most preventable cause of death in current time (Borgan, et al. 2014). Tobacco smoking is associated with 6 million deaths per year around the globe and is considered as one of the biggest public health issues by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Behbehani, et al. 2014). Based on current evidence and a report published by the WHO, 5 out of 6 million deaths are associated with direct tobacco smoking while nearly 600,000 deaths are due to non-smokers exposed ...

Final Quiz

Psychology Explain the differences of qualitative study design and quantitative study design. The difference in design between the qualitative and quantitative study is that the qualitative design encompasses an exploratory research where both structured and unstructured methods in data collection is employed. On the other hand, the quantitative design relies on numerical data in quantifying a given problem in which statistical methods are employed in interpreting the data.

There are several tools being used in conducting research, but the common tool observed in all studies is the use of measurement.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative study design and quantitative study design.

Qualitative research encompasses an advantage in terms of giving ...

While 21st century boasts of improvements in all aspects including health care, it is ironical that stigma against mental illness is still prevalent. A recent study conducted by Australian researchers confirmed that around 75 percent people suffering from the various mental disease like depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia experienced discrimination. That is, people are likely to hold traditional views and perceptions when it comes to dealing with such( people suffering from mental health disorders) persons. More than 35 percent people surveyed agreed that the person who has experienced mental health problem is likely to exhibit more violence than 'normal' people. ...

Healthy Work Environments and Nurse Burn Out (4)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critique of an article on the topic of work environments and nurse burn out. The article to be critiqued is a large cross-sectional Swedish study that examines the associations among nurse practice environment, family/work conflict and burnout (Leineweber, et al., 2014). The intent of this critique is to provide evidence that the nurses’ working environment has an impact of personal psychosocial factors. The data for the study was retrieved from the survey-based Swedish section of the RN4CAST, which was multinational EU 7th Framework project. The original project involved RNs employed ...

Search Method

For the purposes of this paper an electronic search was conducted using the following databases: CINAHL Complete ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Ovid Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition Google Scholar The search parameters included English-only, peer-reviewed articles published between the years 2010 and 2016. The following keywords were used in the search: Postpartum depression Screening Quantitative Program Education The search produced a total of 1772 publications. The abstracts from these articles were screened and six studies were determined to be relevant to postpartum depression education and screening programs. Among these studies were one systematic review, one quantitative cohort study, two qualitative ...

Introduction

Unfortunately, the change of lifestyle that most college students experience has some detrimental side effects in the health. It can be observed that most people who enter college become overweight or obese after some time. Among the college lifestyle, this is termed as the freshman 5s, 10s, or 15s, referring to the amount of pounds one has put on when entering college. This can be attributed in changes to a more sedentary lifestyle, a shift in dietary habits, and the like. Whatever the cause, it has becoming a more common issue than before. Obesity in America has becoming a ...

Literature Reading

Literature Reading Nursing profession is faced with several issues concerning care practices including the mandatory overtime imposed on nurses. However, both positive and negative perceptions about mandatory overtime appear in various studies about its effect on work efficiency and patient safety. The following literatures provide significant insights on the issue of mandatory overtime based on the findings encompassing both the qualitative and quantitative methods. Bae, S. (2013). Presence of nurse mandatory overtime regulations and nurse and patient outcomes.Nursing Economics, 31(2), 59-89. Retrieved from https://www.nursingeconomics.net/ce/2015/article31025989.pdf Mandatory overtime imposed among nurses is a prevalent practice in order to address the ...

1. Project Proposal 1.1. Research Background Media campaign has always been central consideration for any marketing plan. Trends of communication using different media have been undergoing steady evolution for the past several decades. Today’s marketing plan involves much more sophistications than ever before requiring companies to adopt state-of-the-art approach to it to maximize their chances of success (Napoli, 2011; Noll, 2007). The proposed research is going to revolve around the assessment of effective ways of collecting the required data for STA (a traveling agency) helping it develop its new marketing plan aligning to existing and emerging trends of ...

Research into the relationship between staff levels and outcomes in patient care is important in order to ensure that those receiving healthcare are given the most valuable service possible. The effect that staff levels have on patient care is an essential factor in the overall level of success that their treatment will see. In determining the relationship between these two factors, it is important to critically assess the general values that nurses themselves have as well as their patients when receiving care. Furthermore, the level of burnout, or physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion that nurses feel due to high ...

Approximately 8 million healthcare workers in the U.S. are working in environments that place them at risk of exposure to hazardous drugs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). The risk to healthcare workers increases yearly as new non-antineoplastic pharmaceuticals are added to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s alert list of hazardous drugs (Connor, MacKenzie, DeBord, Trout & O’Callaghan, 2014). The addition of new hazardous drugs requires continually updating of procedures to prevent an increasing diverse range of potential exposures (Connor, et al., 2014). The purpose of this paper is to examine the study of ...

Reference 1

Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). Exploring the Correlates of Perceived Job Dangerousness Among Correctional Staff at a Maximum Security Prison. Criminal Justice Policy Review. 00 (0). DOI: 10.1177/0887403415623618. The signs of mental health disorders do not reveal themselves at work most of the time. Only in rare and isolated instances, will the potency of the problems manifest. In addition, the other correctional officers and staff might not have adequate knowledge to corroborate evidence. Hence, this peer-reviewed paper will provide the parameters for testing. The variables, components, variances, and ...

Abstract

The current government has consistently been trying to reduce the costs of healthcare and at the same time improve its quality. This paper focuses on the current state of healthcare through an extensive research on the population. The research uses a cross sectional design to collect data and come up with relevant conclusions. The research project aimed at using a homogenous population to come up with accurate results. Such a population involves participants who have the same knowledge about the subject. Such participants are easily obtained through a referral process where one participant refers another. A total of 50 ...

Annotated Bibliography

Introduction The correctional system in the United States is a complex and overcrowded problem in recent times. The staff in these facilities is often undertrained and overworked. They lack the professional experience and due to heavy attrition rates, are unable to operate any reliable mentoring programs. This gap increases the stress which exceeds the paradigm of work and invades the private lives of the correctional staff. This paper unlocks the psychological problems that fester correctional staff in the United States. Annotated Bibliography 1. Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). ...

Possession of false identification has numerous reasons, and can impact the individual and community in a number of ways. Four different types of fake identifications exist, including expertly altered IDs, counterfeit licenses, stolen licenses, and valid but fraudulently obtained licenses. There are various reasons for people to buy fake IDs, and getting one can have an adverse impact on their own selves as well as on the community in general. One of the primary reasons for getting a fake ID is to get access to alcohol and other materials and activities that are otherwise restricted to people from that ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Abstract The intensive care unit in most hospitals plays the role of providing care to patients dealing with life-threatening conditions. The technological and other set ups in these hospital units are vital in ensuring that these patients continue to receive the best regarding care while with the intentions of having them emerge with desirable outcomes. There are however challenges relating to the care that these patients receive since, in most cases, they are usually under mechanical ventilation. A patient under this condition faces the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia if the ventilators are not handled with the required care. ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a method of combining traditional and well-established practices with research-based evidence for better healthcare related outcomes. It has become a priority in many parts of the world. International organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO) as well as the European Commission are emphasizing on the adoption of EBP. It is important in nursing profession as it helps in fulfilling the gap between what nurses know and what is good for patients, and removal of this gap can help in reducing undesired outcomes. It is also helpful in decreasing the healthcare costs, ...

Narrative:

The topic of the research is to eradicate childhood obesity. A database search was carried out on to identify material that fit the description of the research. The keywords used included obesity, which is a state where the body mass index of an individual exceeds 30. Obesity in children focused on material that focused the effects of obesity in children. Material that contained a reference to obesity in children as well as ways to eradicate obesity in children was considered for the research. Material that focused on obesity in general without being specific to children was excluded from the ...

This project concentrated on the collection, analysis, and review of data based on the needs assessment that explored the benefits of reducing LOS/excess days. The information under analysis emphasized on finding the issues affecting this problem. The target population included all the major stakeholders at the facility, such as the hospital administrator, patients, physicians, and nursing staff. The data collected focused on the needs assessment of LOS as a healthcare issue and all associated factors. Some of the healthcare needs earmarked for further interpretation included the social-economic impact of LOS/excess days on patients, the hospital’s take on the ...

Introduction

Taking measurements may require the conversion of the measured quantity to electrical quantity. Transducers are devices or elements that perform this function by transforming physical quantities such as quantities like sound, light, or temperature into electrical signals like current, voltage, or capacity. Transducers consist of inputs, sensing elements, transduction elements, signal processing, and electrical outputs. The inputs known as the measurands are the quantities, states, or properties that are to be translated into electrical outputs. The sensing elements accurately measure these input energies and sends the information to the transduction elements to be transformed into the desired form. The ...

Research Methods Sp2016

Abstract The dominance of commercial technological innovation in the context of modern society has resulted in a form of technological dependence for some individuals, causing them to pay less regard to aspects of the physical world. Technological innovation has assumed a noteworthy role in the flow of our daily lives, such as through the methods we employ to maintain interpersonal connections. Numerous individuals are included in a matrix of connections facilitated by technological innovation and an increasingly digitalized culture; however, the vast amount of these affiliations can leave individuals the global community feeling subjectively void. The effects of technological ...

Research Design

Introduction The study design is the investigator’s general plan for acquiring answers to the research questions[s] that are guiding the study (Breakwell, Smith, and Wright, 2012, p.8). The intentions of design are to help the researcher plan and execute the research in a way that will aid him or her obtain the intended results, a factor that would increase the chances of acquiring useful information as opposed to irrelevant data. This study will use quantitative and exploratory descriptive designs within a cross-sectional study. The aim is to determine the correlation between self-harm adolescent girls who are receiving ...

Since family has played an important role as one of society’s basic structures, it is important to recognize the factors that are responsible for creating this institution. Some people might argue that a family is a unit connected with genetic factors – that it includes parents, children and other relatives. However, to better understand a family, one must understand that the term ‘family’ is constructed in a social way. The value of family has different meanings in different parts of the world depending on a variety of social and cultural conditions. Even on specific aspects like aging, education, or ...

Quasi-experiments are research designs that attempt to mimic an experimental design. However, the researcher cannot control the assignment of study participants to groups: a key feature for true experiments (Wadsworth, n.d.). This paper explores quasi-experiments as a research design.

Part 1

Advantages of Quasi-experiments Firstly, quasi-experiments, as the name suggests, are not true experiments. They contain elements of both a true experimental and correlational research (Jackson, 2012). Therefore, they allow the researcher to obtain stronger conclusion compared to when they conduct a pure correlational research. Secondly, quasi-experiments are useful in circumstances when conducting a true experiment is either infeasible or very ...

There are many definitions to the term ‘medical referral system’ by a variety of authors and scholars. A referral system, according to Almalki, FitzGerald and Clark (2011) is an institutional framework that comprehensively connects a variety of entities that have different responsibilities and duties into one network. Another definition by MOH (2016) posits that a referral system in healthcare is the “process of directing or redirecting the patient to the optimal level, usually from the lower potential levels to the greatest potential ones ensuring the access into the right care, at the right time, in the right setting, by ...

BERNOULLI’S EXPERIMENT

ABSTRACT Two fluid properties, the Bernoulli principle and the Venturi effect, were examined and analyzed in this experiment. A venturi meter was used to measure the fluid flow rate, velocity, and pressure of water (the fluid being examined). The results showed that the fluid pressure decreases as the fluid traveled through a smaller cross sectional area. The minimum fluid pressure (in effect, maximum fluid velocity) was observed in the smallest cross sectional area at position D (diameter 16 mm). The decrease in fluid pressure was compensated by an increase in the fluid velocity. With these two measured phenomena, both ...

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the extent to which the silica levels are above the safety levels outlined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in areas proximal to the natural gas development sites. Background: While studies have shown that the silica levels in the hydraulic fracturing sites are very high, there is paucity of information as to how far away from the sites the silica levels in the air are dangerously high. Methods: The study will employ a longitudinal design with the data being collected over a ten-year period. The samples will be collected in a linear direction. The samples ...

TSU

Research in Nursing Practice Patient safety is one of the most important medical concerns in a surgical procedure. Surgical errors such as wrong side or site, wrong procedure, and/or wrong person, though occur rarely, are considered as highly devastating events. In the U.S., about 28% of procedure related adverse events were reported in three different hospitals in 2011. According to the National Patient Safety Agency, 129,419 cases of surgical errors occurred in England and Wales in 2007 (McDowell & McComb, 2014). Surgical errors resulted in different degrees of impairment or harm. Most frequently occurring problems associated with the surgical ...

York College

Abstract Media violence has incorporated negative effects on the behavioral development of children due to which their inclination towards the positive behavior and attitude has been decreased. The previous studies have addressed the extent to which the environmental factors, including exposure to the media content, contribute in the development of the violent or prosocial behavior. However, the prior studies did not provide any strong ground by means of addressing all the aspects of media content. In this manner, the current study is aimed to determine the effect of the media content on the prosocial behavior. The current study incorporated ...

About the paper

The paper is commissioned to conduct a comprehensive financial analysis of UK based telecommunication company, BT Group PLC for the year 2011-2015. As part of this analysis, we will be using the tools of common-size statements and financial ratios. In addition, to perform the cross-sectional analysis, we will also compare the financial performance of the company with its competitor entities, Vodafone Group and Sky PLC. Along with analysis of the financial performance using the above stated criteria, we will also perform broad economic environment analysis to adjudge the company’s performance in relation to the economic trends and will ...

TSU

Research in Nursing Practice Abstract Patient safety is important not only for patient but also for medical community, and this safety includes the reduction of medical and surgical errors. In the last few years, researchers have started showing great interest in the use of checklists before performing a surgery to reduce surgical errors. Usually, those checklists include the time out process, i.e. a kind of break or pause, before starting any surgical procedure. Those checklists may also include the information of patient, information of site or side, and information of procedure. Before starting any operation, operating staff communicate with ...

In his article, Ibbotson (2010) investigates the impact of a long-term asset allocation policy on portfolio performance against that of active management with respect to security selection and market timing. The paper draws its inferences from reviewing existing literature on empirical studies examining the same. The issue of contention arises from conclusions made by Brinson, Hood, and Beebower (BHB, 1986) that asset allocation policy was responsible for more than 90% of the return variations of an average fund over time, with market timing and security selection playing minor roles. In contrast, the critics of the BHB model (e.g. Ibbotson ...

Abstract

Body dissatisfaction refers to an individual’s negativity regarding their own body image. It is found throughout all individuals, regardless of age or gender. However, studies have shown differences do exist when it comes to body dissatisfaction and an individual’s age or gender. Previous research has been aimed at body dissatisfaction and the causes that leads to an individual’s body dissatisfaction. This study is aimed at analyzing whether or not media exposure has a bigger influence when it comes to body dissatisfaction than psychological factors. The sample for this study will consist of 450 participants throughout three ...