Essays on Capacitance

Problem Description

The aim of the laboratory project is to measure the capacitance of the experimental setup made with the copper sheets and the dielectric material placed between the sheets. Distilled water and cooking oil were used as dielectric materials. The calculations of dielectric constant for distilled water and cooking oil were performed. The sources of errors were assessed. The experimental dielectric measurements are supposed to comply with the dielectric constant of the copper.

Design

The copper sheets were cut into different sizes, namely 4”X6”, 4”X5”, 4”X4”, and 4”X3”. Two equal copper sheets were used for the experimental ...

Introduction

Taking measurements may require the conversion of the measured quantity to electrical quantity. Transducers are devices or elements that perform this function by transforming physical quantities such as quantities like sound, light, or temperature into electrical signals like current, voltage, or capacity. Transducers consist of inputs, sensing elements, transduction elements, signal processing, and electrical outputs. The inputs known as the measurands are the quantities, states, or properties that are to be translated into electrical outputs. The sensing elements accurately measure these input energies and sends the information to the transduction elements to be transformed into the desired form. The ...

Introduction

Power quality is an essential factor as far as performance of the electrical machines and equipment are concerned. Quality plays an integral role in ensuring reliability and satisfactory service by improving the transmission and distribution of electric power. In order to serve a huge section of the world with electrical power, quality is paramount in order to reduce losses during transmission and distribution. IEEE defines power quality as the deviation of current and voltage from the ideal to the actual realization. It factors in the concept of ensuring high standard powering and grounding of the electrical equipment for the ...

Microbial fuel cells are devices that employ bacterial or other microbial cells to generate electricity (Singh, Pratap, Baranwal, Kumar and Chaudhary, 2010). Cells generally carry out electron transfer and oxidation-reduction reactions during normal metabolic activities. Electrons generated during these reactions can be made to flow through an external circuit to generate current. Fig 1. Depicts a typical MFC. The anodic compartment consists of microbial culture in glucose or other medium (Singh et al, 2010). Wastewater can also be used as a substrate source for microbes in a MFC intended for effluent treatment application. The microbial cells breakdown complex substrates ...

PURPOSE

This experiment is about the isolation of the three harmonics that is included in a non-sinusoidal waveform. The non-sinusoidal waveform here is a square wave, and the harmonics being isolated are the fundamental, third, and fifth harmonics. The experimental amplitudes and frequencies will be compared to the theoretical computations.

EQUIPMENT

Oscilloscope Digital Multimeter Function Generator COMPONENTS 10 mH Inductor 10 kΩ Resistor

PROCEDURE AND RESULTS

Figure 1. RLC Circuit Diagram

PART A: Obtain the scaling factors

1) Build the circuit shown in Figure 1. Throughout the experiment, connect the input voltage to channel 1 of the oscilloscope. This input voltage is used as a trigger source for the oscilloscope. ...

Objective:

This experiment is about the implementation and testing of low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters. The frequency response of each filter is analyzed using Bode plots. The properties of passive devices will be used to explain the response.

Equipment List:

EQUIPMENT Oscilloscope 2 Function Generators

COMPONENTS

1µF Capacitors 1 kΩ Resistors

Relevant Theory/Background Information:

A low-pass filter is a filter that allows frequencies below a cut-off frequency while filtering out frequencies above this cut-off frequency. For a simple series RC circuit, a low-pass filter can be created by connecting the input signal to the resistor and taking the output from the capacitor. The cut-off frequency ...

Porcelain is a compound material, ceramic in nature which is made by heating clay with some other raw materials in a kiln to temperature of about 12000C. Porcelain is translucent in nature and it name is derived from the Italian language. Due to the translucent nature of the material, it has gained widespread use in the pottery industry to make kitchen ware and some other materials mainly of prestige 1.

The use of porcelain can be traced back to the 4th century in China and Japan. It started off as just pottery but with time, it gained popularity to a point that ...