Essays on Beam

Introduction

Beams are very crucial elements in engineering structures. They carry the loads and the weight of the structure and then transmit them to the supports . There are various types of beams configuration that engineers must select depending on the application. These include simply supported beams, cantilever beams and curved beam amongst others. Curved beams are very common in complex structures such as bridges, forklift hooks, crane hooks and in many other applications. Analysis of curved beams is complex compared to that of cantilever and simply supported beams. Thus, in order to enhance the structural integrity of the structure, engineers ...

1.0 Introduction
Strategic human resource management has become a significant phenomenon in modern organizations. Beam Suntory Inc. is the world’s number three premium spirits company having headquarters in Illinois. The primary products of the enterprise are tequila, Canadian Whisky, Scotch whiskey, rum, vodka, and other ready-to-drink pre-mix cocktails. The company was established in 2011 as a separate identity after it spun off from Fortune Brands holding company. At present, the company is a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage and Food Limited, Japan. The company sells brands that are produced directly by the enterprise. Along with it, it also imports ...

ABSTRACT

In the vibrating beam experiment, an aluminum cantilever beam was made to vibrate. An accelerometer transducer was used to convert the mechanical vibrations into a signal that was fed into an oscilloscope via a power supply. The oscilloscope mapped the signal into a sine curve and displayed it on the screen.
The oscillations’ decay curve was studied and the beam’s damping ratio was determined. The decay curve’s logarithmic decrement was used to determine the beam’s damping ratio and its natural frequency.
The beam’s damping ratio was observed to be underdamped at a damping ratio of ...

APPLIED MECHANICS LABORATORY

LAB B: COMPARISON BETWEEN A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM AND AN ENCASTRÈ (BUILT-IN) BEAM

Object

Apparatus
A range of (supplied) beams of various materials, rule, dial-test indicator and magnetic base, beam rig, various masses, load hanger.
Theory
The formula for the deflection of a simply supported beam with a central point applied can be derived theoretically to show that:
y = W l3 Where W = Load
48 E I l = Span
E = Young’s Modulus
I = b d3
12
For an encastrè beam the formula for the maximum deflection of a central point load at its mid-span is:
y = W l3
192 ...

Abstract

This experiment aims at determining the Young’s Modulus (E) by using the strain gauge technique. It is determined for a simply supported beam by measuring the strain in the beam when it is loaded in 3 point bending. i.e. load is applied exactly at the center of the beam. The bending of a beam is an example of Hooke’s Law, which states that, when an elastic body is strained in any way, the deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the body is not strained beyond its elastic limit. In this experiment, Young’s Modulus ...

Electron microscopes refer to those microscopes that make use of an electron beam to light a specimen producing a magnified image. These microscopes are used to study structures that are either invisible through naked eyes or those that are too small to be clearly seen using a light microscope. The two major types of electron microscope are Transmission Electron Microscopy or TEM and Scanning Electron Microscopy or SEM (Mooney, 1996).
Transmission Electron Microscopy employs a high voltage electron beam in order to create an image (NE, 2013). The TEM is made up of various components including electromagnetic lens system, ...

This report presents the static analysis of a beam that is going to be used for lifting equipment in a building. A commercial software package, SolidWorks, is used to perform a set of FEA simulations. Numerical results are compared with theoretical values of maximum stress and deflection for a cantilever beam.
1. Part A
The first part of this report describes a cantilever beam with one end fully constrained and a point force of 5 kN applied at the opposite end. Three cross sections are considered, namely, a wide flange section (I-shape), a T section and a channel cross ...

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Spot Detectors and Beam Detectors
Question 1: What is the difference between the operation of spot detectors and beam detectors? Provide three situations where the use of beam detectors is recommended over spot detectors.

Answer: Beam detectors and spot detectors work on different principles.

Beam detection is one of the newest technologies in the field of fire alarms. The principle on which beam detectors operate is referred to as obscuration. Bean detectors have the ability to appropriately sense the percentage of light blockage and the likelihood of them giving false alarms is very less. They are quite well able to distinguish between a trouble condition and other conditions such ...

LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser is a powerful source of light with properties that are not found in normal light sources. Laser sensors offer long ranges of detections and high resolutions. They are good at accuracy, speed and reliability. They work at temperatures irrespective of variations. Lasers occur in various mediums such as solid, liquid, gas and semiconductor.
Laser is an electronic diode that converts an energy source into a thin and concentrated beam of light, which is used to detect very small objects or to reach very high distances. The ...

Uniformly distributed load (UDL) was analyzed for simply supported beam by developing three scenarios in order to ascertain uniformity in this report. It comprised of three chapters in which UDL was converted into one point, two points and three point loads that were applied on the beam having 5 m length under varying condition. In chapter-1, one point load was applied on the beam having value of 0.5 KN/m. The maximum bending moment of UDL and under one point load was found to be 0.47 and 0.38 KN-m respectively. Secondly in chapter 2, UDL was converted into two point ...

1. Introduction to the Technique
Magnification and high resolution imaging are very important in materials science, especially at present when nanotechnology materials are being created. Magnification and high resolution imaging can help in the characterization, identification, and confirmation of the existence of the desired material. Magnification and high resolution imaging become problems when the size of the assessed material becomes too small; such as, they are beyond the micrometer scale. Ordinary techniques in microscopy such as light microscopy where in a traditional light microscope is used could not suffice. Fortunately, in 1931, two scientists named Ernst Ruska and Mx ...

Introduction

The microscope is derived from two Greek words, mikros and skopeo. Mikros means small while skopeo means “look at.” Thus, the two words form the word mikroskopeo that refers to looking or observing small objects. Since the beginning of scientific developments, there has been an interest to look at the smaller details of the world around us. Biologists have taken the lead in the quest to uncover such small details through their desire to examine cells, viruses, bacteria, and colloidal particles. Material scientists have wanted to observe the limitations and inhomogeneities in metals, ceramics, and crystals. Geologists have also ...

Load cells are the type of transducers that transform force into an electric signal and are used in variety of industrial monitoring applications of weight and force ranging from transportation, oil and gas, industrial automation, and aerospace. There are different types of load cells and the most common type is strain gauge based load cell. Other includes low capacity, mid-range, and high capacity load cells. Low capacity load cells are idyllically used in wind tunnel testing, medical testing equipment, part-counting scales, and weigh check. These low capacity load cells have the range starting from 25 grams up to 150 ...

Introduction

Thin films are in use since ages, and in old times people used to beat gold with hammers into thin films about less than one μm thickness and then used this thin film for gold coating of different stuffs. Thin films are used in many materials and do use them in daily life but are not aware of it. If one wax cars or paint homes that mean, they are applying a thin film.

Bulk Material VS thin film

Bulk materials are those materials that are mined. They are referred to as Bulk solid in mining and mineral industry. The material that can be ...

- Toxicology
With the help of an electron microscope, it becomes possible to carry out a detailed study of the toxic lesions in order to understand the toxicological events.
-  Electron Tomography and Sub-cellular Structure
Electron tomography is a technique which is used to visualize and investigate the three-dimensional structural information about the sub-cellular macromolecular specimens. It is a three-dimensional electron microscopy technique used for sub-cellular imaging.

Principles of Function

- Electrostatic Interactions
In an electron microscope, electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses are used to selectively control and focus the electron beam to generate images. In atoms, with the increase in atomic numbers ...

Objective

Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) have demonstrated suitability for construction projects due to their strength and durability, while weighing very little. The attributes of FRPs were examined as well as, their applicability in hot, desert temperatures for road barriers and other road safety units.

Background – Composite Materials

Strength and stiffness are the main mechanical properties fibres add to composite materials. The fibres must have uniform diameter, similar strength between each fibre, and very large length-to-diameter ratio. Crystals within the fibre that are aligned with fibre length create high tensile strength. Fibres need to have air space and fibre packing needs to be random ...

Abstract

Concrete acts as one of the most essential and cost-effective construction material made from a mixture of sand, cement, aggregates, and water. Cement acts as a binder for holding all the components together. Engineers working in the construction site must understand the purpose of the construction because different structures require different concrete strengths. The strength of cement paste used controls the overall strength of concrete that depends on the water-cement ratio. The following experiment was conducted to investigate different mechanical and physical properties of concrete.

Objective: To determine mechanical properties of concrete.

Materials used: Aggregate (coarse and fine), sand, cement, water, compressive machine, cylindrical and rectangular ...

(Study Programme)

Introduction

Physics remains a very useful field in the modern technological lives. Without physics, there would be very little understanding of how things work. Physics creates an understanding of the functioning mechanisms of the world and the different elements through such topics as kinetic energy, laws of motion, laws of gravity, mass, etc. Almost every aspect of people’s lives revolves around physics. Consequently, without physics, there wouldn’t be development such as lighting from electricity sources, motor-vehicles, electricity and so on. Physics is, therefore, an arm of science that involves the study of matter characteristics, energy and ...

INTRODUCTION

The evolution of motion sensors dates back to the evolution of man. It is said to have used by man to calculate the movement of stars to determine the best crop-growing season. Motion sensors gained their popularity during the World War II. The significant increase in demand for detection and monitoring during the World War II generated technological advancements in motion sensing. Radar, which was invented several decades earlier, was being fully developed during the war, to detect the motion of aircrafts. Although the development of radar systems was a great leap forward, it was limited only to military ...

The acquisition of the Brain Electrical activity mapping will reduce the physicians the time they spend on a patient. The Hippocratic Oath requires medical physicians to perform their tasks with due diligence and provide effective treatment methods to the patient. The medical field has recognized the need for the need for the BEAM technology in their institutions. Any healthcare facility that acquires the technology will become reputable and attract high profile patients.
The Metropolitan Hospital has already recognized that necessity and is planning to acquire a Brain Electrical Activity mapping machine. The machine will help physicians to detect abnormalities ...

Introduction

Laser technologies are used in different fields such as instrumentation, micro manufacturing, medicine, imaging and communications. Application of lasers to micro manufacturing is known to have a number of benefits which include capability of remote processing, noncontact processing, no tool wear, automation and the possibility of machining brittle and hard materials. The use of laser processes for specific manufacturing processes has been around for decades. However, the share of micro applications within the whole laser market was a minor one, with laser welding and cutting dominating the laser application sector. With the increase in miniaturization and higher integration of ...

HealthSouth Corporation is located in Birmingham, Alabama and it is the largest operator of the inpatient hospitals. Their business model incorporates three major businesses: rehabilitation, hospitals and surgery. Lower cost and the atmosphere, which reminds a spa rather than a medical institution, made HealthSouth one of the most successful companies in Alabama already in the first few years of its existence. However, the outstanding performance of the company was not always supported by the actual success. Today Aaron Beam, co-founder and former CFO of HealthSouth, remembers the time, when he was forced to falsify accounting reports in order to ...

Introduction

A natural phenomenon is any non-artificial event not produced by human activity but may affect humans. Natural phenomenon includes weather, decay, erosion and volcanic eruptions. Most natural phenomena are termed harmless.
Erosion is the process which leads to the removal of material from a section of the earth. Erosion may occur when solids such as rocks are weathered and transported to another place by wind, water, and ice (Toy, Foster, & Renard, 2002). Although soil erosion is a natural process human land use such as deforestation, industrial agriculture and urban sprawl have profound effect on erosion. A certain amount ...

Introduction to Computers

Major Categories of Computers

These computers are regarded as the most powerful computers because of their large storage capacity and a high speed of execution. Most of these computers are developed to be used in sophisticated research project by scientists, for example, space exploration and engineers. The need for faster calculations in the scientific field has increased demand for supercomputers. A good example of the use of supercomputers is in the National Weather Bureau, in the United States, for conducting weather analysis for the whole world. Weather data from around the globe are collected for immediate analysis. Industries ...

McConnell versus Grimes for United States Senate

- Introduction
When most Americans think about election time, they often refer to the Presidential election that occurs every four years. However, the outcomes of the United States midterm election most often affect Americans on an individual level compared to the outcomes of the Presidential race. Midterm elections are held every two years after the four-year Presidential election has occurred.
Virtually all United States Congress, including the House of Representatives and Senate, have seats up for grabs, and at least three-fourths of our 50 states will hold gubernatorial elections as well (Pfiffner and Davidson 254). It should come as ...

Abstract

Shaping is the process used to develop a terminal behaviour through reinforcing its successive approximations systematically and differentially. Successive approximations refer to the building blocks of the eventual behaviour. Shaping is applied in various contexts that can range from using shaping to teach children how to use contact lenses, how behaviour analysis can influence people with intellectual disabilities. Also, it used to study the performance track of athletes, and how to eliminate autism in children. Moreover, shaping is also applicable in helping people quit smoking and teach self-initiated toileting among children. The authors provide various agreements to advance their ...

Biology

The electron microscope has proven to be invaluable in the study of proteins and has enhanced our understanding of cellular biology. The importance to understanding disease and trauma to the body as well as treatments cannot be overstated. Genetic research such as studies of the mechanisms of protein folding is better understood due to electron microscopy.
The image of a sample such as a slice of a fibril or a “newly synthesized chain of amino acids” (Dobson, 2003, p. 884) created by an electronic beam. The Transmitting Electron Microscope (TEM) transmits the electron beam through a sample whereas the ...

Product specification and customer’s satisfaction are the primary considerations for design and manufacturer of a table. When design for manufacturing principles is put in place through the design process, it affects all the aspects from the design phase all through to the production phase. The table I am going to design is a smart locker table with two compartment slots at the base. It is ideal for study or kitchen where small materials need to be kept during and after use. In this design, the following factors are considered until the final product is build;
- Cost control
...

Report: China – Communist or Capitalist?

Introduction
Many observers ask whether China’s burgeoning growth and prosperity in recent times demonstrates the success of a communist regime, or is it instead the result of China adopting capitalist principles as its privatized and competitive businesses flood the West with manufactured goods? If the latter is the case, can China still be considered as a truly Communist state, or is it becoming a Capitalist nation ruled by a Communist government? This report examines the current situation, to answer these questions.

The Research

A special report by Simon Cox (May 28, 2012) in the Economist, entitled “Pedalling prosperity” discusses features ...

1. Executive Summary

Recently, the Hong Kong’s population is characterized by a large and growing segment of young and affluent consumers as they have plenty of disposable income to spend on alcohol beverages. With the widespread westernized drinking habits by the young and affluent Hong Kong population, the demand for beer is expected to rise steadily. Furthermore, the established social scene in Hong Kong is characterized by restaurants, pubs, night clubs and other social gathering venues, which constitutes an ideal starting point for the international brands looking to enter a new market. Thus, the Hong Kong beer market ...

Introduction

Wireless networks have gained a lot of popularity in the world. With the development of many devices that make use of the wireless network, it is becoming evident that there are many organisaitons which have adopted the use of wireless networks and platforms in order to have effective communication media in their company infrastructure. This paper will focus on the use of antennas for wireless networks for companies and the way in which these wireless media have been used effectively in the companies to have effective communication.

An omnidirectional antenna is an antenna, either transmitting or receiving, which intercepts ...

Machining Technology is a manufacturing process that involves the foundational and basic principles about cutting via the application of various cutting tools. Despite the many modern technological advancement in this field of material science, it cannot be denied that there are the same principles involved both from the traditional and modern up-to-date techniques. Machining is the application of process used for shaping metals as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Cross sectional view of the machining process.
The machining technology is applied in various work materials especially in the use of metals. It is used to shape and create ...

Project Title: Selection Materials

Module Code:
Project Due Date:
DCU Statement
Plagiarism means presenting another person’s words, ideas, designs as your own word. Plagiarism comes in a different form, like copying text, diagram, formulae, etc. Plagiarism is a serious offence. Plagiarism is referred to the disciplinary committee of the university. Committee will take the serious action on the plagiarized materials.

Aim and Objective

This project is being aimed to model the stress the board by considering a typical beam supported by the equal pressure on the bottom and it must withstand a point force.
1. Introduction
The material selection is the process of designing a ...

Introduction

A turbulent jet is a source of energy and momentum in a fluid tank. A jet is considered fully turbulent at a jet laminar for Rej below about 100 and Reynolds number Rej above about 1’000 – 2’000. Therefore, the limit between a turbulent jet and laminar is around the Reynolds number of 3’000 and the significant characteristics of the jet are its discharge and momentum flux.

Eq. 2; Qj = vjAj – jet volume flux
Rej = vjdjv = jet Reynolds number
Frj = vj√g'dj = densimetric jet Froude number

Where;

Vj is the jet velocity at entry point
Aj is the ...

Abstract

Studies in mechanics have evolved to be the most fundamental tool in the innovation of new materials and advanced technology. Specifically, studies in Continuum Mechanics, has been very influential in producing materials that exhibit various desirable characteristics at the expense of size and weight. Nanotubes are a perfect example of how this study has impacted the evolution in material technology. It has been used as the basis for the explanation of these complex materials as well as provisions for their behavioral effects during machining. The wide use of nanotubes in fragile fields like technical textile supplements, truly depict the ...

Introduction

The remarkable industrial revolution of the 18th century had a very important milestone in the global civilization. As a matter of fact, it set the pace for the recent boost in technology today. However, this is also imperative to consider that the invention and subsequent advancement in the steam engine played an important role in the famous industrial revolution. Before the invention of the steam engine, industrial processes were manually based. More so, the earliest forms of steam engines produced by the engineer, Thomas Savery and even the subsequent development of the first practical steam engine by the English ...

Business Case for Branching into Additive Manufacturing

Introduction
Our company is a global conglomerate involved in manufacturing automobile and aircraft parts. Our products are of extremely high quality, and are used by major automobile and aircraft companies of the world. Components produced by our company are used by automobile and aircraft manufacturers when producing new cars and aircraft, and also as spare parts for maintenance.
The aim of this brief would be to convince the Board of Directors of our company to open a production line using additive manufacturing so that the company remains abreast of technology and responsive to rapid changes in customer preferences.

Additive Manufacturing: Process in Brief

Additive ...

One end application of sensors is in the food manufacturing industry. Modern packaging of consumer foods frequently uses Vertical Form Fill Seal (VFFS) packaging technology. A continuous flexible film with registration marks is used as packaging material. The packaging film is pulled through a collared tube and then filled with the product. These are the vertical forming and filling steps. It is then sealed and cut at the same time to produce finished goods in pouches. This is the sealing step.
Proper sequencing is needed in this application. This is facilitated with the use of sensors. A combination of ...

ENGINEERING

Abstract
Wind turbines have become a practical and efficient fossil fuels replacement for the generation of electrical energy. Characteristics optimized include weight, ease of manufacture and structural integrity. Ease of manufacturing has a direct relationship to costs. Lighter materials for blade construction are necessary to decrease blade weight and lengthen blades. Carbon fibers or composites of glass and carbon fibers are lighter than glass fibers. Hypothesis: controlling the speed of the infusion will allow the capacity to manage the speed of the infusion process and in that way control of the final composite material. Results showed that 68.5 meters ...

Libertarians are known as ‘classical liberals’. Their views is that each person’s welfare, success, and societal placement can be nurtured by the simple act of the government staying out of their individual pursuit of liberty. The ideals of libertarianism forces one to question: What might happen? What does one need for survival? What are ‘real-world’ concerns? Are they necessary concerns? How can we overcome all that is unnecessary to solve problems that occur in concerns we have no control over?
There are a plethora of different views and opinions about Libertarianism and what it is. Some believe, “Libertarianism ...

The technique of low coherence reflectometry has been extended to tomographic imaging in the systems of the biological. The light from the coherence property which is reflected from the retina provides the required information from the reflective boundaries of the delay on the time-of-flight. This delayed information helps in determining the longitudinal site location of the reflection. This is achieved by the use of OCT system’s scans providing the location of the reflected site map in a two-dimension. It uses a mode that operates in the analogous which is then converted to ultrasonic pulse-echo imaging .
The resolution of ...

Experiment: S1 – Bending Stresses in a T-Beam

Aims: To gain practical experience of strain measurement using strain gauges, to compare experimentally determined bending stresses with those predicted from Engineer’s Theory of Bending.

Learning Outcomes:

The evaluation of stresses and forces from experimental measurements of strain.
The determination of the position of the neutral axis of bending from experimentally determined bending stresses. The prediction of bending stresses from Engineer’s Theory of Bending. ...

Joseph John Thompson is credited with the discovery of the electron. This was as a result of an experiment he conducted in 1897. Thomas discovered that Cathode rays, which were discovered by Philipp Lenard, could travel a lot further through air than is expected for a particle as small as an atom.
Thomas first produced cathode rays and passed them to a bell jar. Here, they were deflected by a magnet. The path of the rays was detected by their fluorescence on a screen placed in the bell jar. He performed this experiment with different materials as the anode ...

Experiment 4: Projectile Motion

Introduction:
Projectile motion is a special type of motion involves two components of motion – horizontal and vertical. But motions in two directions are independent of each other. Flight of ball is an example of projectile motion. This two dimensional motion can be determined as two linear motions in two mutually perpendicular directions –one along horizontal direction and the other one along vertical direction. Projectile motion can be analyzed with the help of equations of motion. Vector equations and vector rules are generally used as the motion occurs in two dimensions. Gravity force has primary importance in projectile motion. Effect ...

Introduction

The purpose of this experiment was to observe the diffraction patterns formed by laser light passing through a single slit and verify the position of minima and determine the position matches with the theoretically predicted position. This was ascertained by comparing the value calculated slit width with selected slit width of 0.04mm. It was hypothesized that there would be variations in calculated value and selected value.

Materials

- Track and screen from Basic Optic System (OS-8515)
- Diode laser (OS-8525)
- Single Slit Disk (OS-8523)
- White paper
- Metric rule

Procedure

The laser was placed at one end of the ...

Abstract

Wireless networking involves connecting network nodes using wireless data connections in the network. Wireless networking enables people to save on the costs they would have incurred in bringing in cable to their houses or offices. Some wireless networks include terrestrial microwave networks, Wi-Fi local networks, and cell phone networks. Examples of wireless methods include TDMA, PTP, and PTMP. This research paper looks into TDMA, PTP, and PTMP. It also looks at other elements involved in the wireless network such as 2.4 GHz, 5GHZ, and Fresnel Zone.

Introduction

Wireless networking involves connecting network nodes using wireless data connections in the network. ...

Optical microscopy – is the technical field of studying objects using optical microscopes. Optical microscopes are devices that use visible light rays as both eye works in the optical wavelength range. So, optical microscopes could not have diffraction limits resolution less than 0.2 micrometers (200 nanometers) and with maximum magnification up to 2000 times. The human eye is a biological optical system, characterized by a certain resolution - the smallest distance between the elements of the observed object, while they can still be distinguished from one another. For a normal eye, at a distance from the object to the so-called. ...

Introduction

The word “fiduciary” comes from the Latin word “fiducia”, which means “trust”. The term “fiduciary” is most often used to refer to a person or business that has the power and obligation to act on behalf of another person (called the beneficiary) against the background of total trust, honesty and good faith. Fiduciary duties of directors, officers and controlling shareholders play significant role in business and corporate governance, along with other duties, imposed on them by position. For the purposes of this assignment I would like to discuss fiduciary duties of directors, officers and controlling shareholders. The legislation of ...

Perhaps the most important advance in using new building materials is the development of concrete which is more durable. New- age concrete is flexible and endows all kinds of structures, buildings, roads, sewers and bridges which last for a very long time. The construction industry in the world is becoming modern and advance, however, there is still the problem of building defects which need to be addressed.
Defects to concrete facades of different buildings pose safety danger to the public; hence there is a need and formidable challenge to rethink on the issue. Successful remediation requires an adequate understanding ...

Introduction

The term LASER is an abbreviation for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”. These are special devices that produce light that can be directed towards an object, and is monochromatic and coherent. These special characteristics are used in designing a laser device that is widely used for industrial purpose as well as in medicine . In the US, about 500,000 to 700,000 health care workers are involved in the use of medical lasers .

History and Progress of Lasers

The history of lasers dates back to 1916, when Albert Einstein discussed the possibility of stimulating radiant energy based on Niels Bohr’s theory ...

Abstract

The Segovia aqueduct is one of the most exceptional displays of roman hydraulic engineering to date. Constructed using masonry stones and with no mortar, the aqueduct has survived centuries and had been in use until mid-20th century when it stopped being used. Engineers today are applying some of the knowledge they learn from to develop stable structures. However, to develop such a structure in modern day a lot of work, engineering computations, machinery and skill are required.

Introduction
The Roman culture at the time involved owning slaves. The slaves included Greeks who were captured as the Romans invaded Greek ...

Introduction to antennas

Traditionally, people had problem with communication especially where it involved long distances. Wireless communication began in 1901, when Marconi received the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean. From that period, technology kept on advancing until the development of the present day antennas. Antennas form the basic components of any communication system that changes energy from one form into another. A receiving antenna changes electromagnetic energy into electric or magnetic energy. They work through transmitting RF signal that travels on a conductor into an electromagnetic wave in free space. An antenna maintains the same characteristic regardless of whether in ...

Speed of Light

Armand H. Louis Fizeau
Armand H. Louis Fizeau was a famous French physicist. He was born in the city of Paris (France) on September 23, 1819. Louis’s earliest work was basically focused on improvements of photographic processes. In year 1849 by measuring speed of light he became the first one to have such measurements taken on earth. In this process he had used a narrow ray of light which was reflected by a mirror placed approximately eight kilometer away. He died on 18 September, 1896 at Venteuil .

Objective

The primary objective of this experiment was to measure the speed ...

Abstract

The assessment of respiratory functions is mandatory in the diagnosis of lung diseases and related disorders. These functions are assessed by measuring the lung volumes and capacities. In the present experiment, we learnt the use and operation of BIOPAC airflow transducer for measuring the lung volumes. We understood the rationale behind the precautions taken while experimentation. We could successfully correlate the obtained results with the physiological conditions of the subjects of the study.

Experiment on Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory system is a vital system of human physiology. It is involved with the gaseous exchange wherein oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled from ...

Forensic investigations have gained widespread application by law enforcement agencies during the analysis of a crime (Tewari and Ravikumar 2000). Forensic experts have a tough task because they have to use samples collected from a crime scene to reveal the culprits. In this case, the investigator has to determine which of the two companies (A or B) is responsible for the pollution that was reported.
The samples that were collected have been analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This form of spectroscopy is employed to produce an infrared spectrum of not only photoconductivity and emission, but also absorption ...

- Introduction
A compound light microscope represents two or more lens. The term compound refers to multiple or mixture. In compound light microscope built with binocular lens and objective lens. The binocular lens present near the eyepiece and objective leans near to nosepiece. The objective lens helps in enlargement of images and also to collect the light source. According to the requirement the objective lens also changes. In advanced compound light microscope the phase contrasts also possible. In earlier 1595 Zacharias Janssen invented the first light microscope using collapsing tubes. It produced a magnification of 9x. Now the magnification ...

"Where Were You (When The World Stopped Turning)"

Where were you when the world stopped turning on that September day?Were you in the yard with your wife and children?Or working on some stage in L.A.?Did you stand there in shock at the sight of that black smokeRisin' against that blue sky?Did you shout out in anger, in fear for your neighbor?Or did you just sit down and cry?Did you weep for the children who lost their dear loved ones?And pray for the ones who don't know?Did you rejoice for the people who walked from the rubble?And sob for the ones left below?Did you burst out with pride ...

Analysis of Oil Palm Shell Concrete-A Review

Many researches have been conducted on to use oil palm shell (OPS) as the light weight material in last three decades. It is an agricultural waste normally generated from palm oil industry. This industry is normally situated in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and some other countries. There are many products being made from OPS. The use of OPS as lightweight aggregate in making concrete mix is the main project of many companies in different countries including Malaysia that was first introduced by Abdullah in 1984. Malaysia playing an important role in manufacturing of different oil palm products as it gives ...

Electrostatic Precipitator Electrostatic precipitators are used to remove dust and other particulates from smoke and exhaust fumes. It used to minimize air pollution and protect the environment. The precipitator consists of a high voltage wires that are fitted across the chimney. The wires are negatively charged using voltage of 50,000V. As the smoke passes through the chimney, they are negatively charged by the wires. The smoke becomes negatively charged because electrons are passed to it from the wires. The negatively charged smoke particles are attracted to the positively charged metal plates that are found on the upper side ...

EEE, Inc. is Private Corporation that can be termed public as well. In such, corporations, the owners or shareholders are not liable directly to pay any dues or taxes. It is the corporation itself, which is answerable. Hence, the claim of Reid Ellis is based on a misperception.

Graham and Black

Under RMCBA a corporation has a distinctive feature of perpetual life, to continue as an entity forever. Hence, Black can appeal against the court’s decision.
Thompson and Green Machinery Co. versus Music City Lumber Co., Inc. & Music City Sawmill Co., Inc.
RMBCA terms a corporation as an imaginary person and ...