Essays on Optical

Abstract

The aim of the experiment is to plot the calibration curve for deteremination of antigen 4D5 by performing ELISA experiment. The primary antibody was blocked by bovine serum albumin, then it reacted with IgG (secondary antibody). Then, the system was washed with carbonate, blocking and substrate buffers. Three replicate experiments were performed, and the experiment was performed with the serial dilutions. By measuring the optical density of the diluted solutions, the calibration line was obtained and the region with the linear dependence “concentration – optical density” was determined. The callibaraion line can be used for the practical tasks: for detecting ...

Abstract

The study of tiny particles and their applications have emerged as an important area of research in recent years. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties that make the particles useful in numerous applications. Accordingly, the present review investigates the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. The introduction section examines recent advances in nanotechnology and explains the significance of magnetic nanoparticles in scientific research. The section on results and discussion presents the findings of various researchers with a focus on the magnetic properties, synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. ...

Raman spectroscopy is dependent on scattering of light. When light interacts with matter, energy exchange can take place through absorption, simulated emission, Raman scattering or spontaneous emission. In Raman scattering, the emitted photons have less energy and lower frequency in comparison with the absorbed photons. Some energy of the emitted photons is transferred to the molecules. Raman spectroscopy is a method which collects the chemical fingerprints associated with molecules. Every molecule has different levels of vibrational energy and the emitted photons experience shift in their wavelengths. The wavelength shifts are collected,examined and analyzed for sample identification. Raman spectroscopy ...

Three phase induction motors

Introduction The three-phase induction machine is the most widely used among the rotating machines. An induction machine offers an almost constant speed within its normal operating range when operated off a constant-voltage, constant-frequency, and with the electric power source. The cost of purchasing these machines is very low, and they require little maintenance. However, speed control is difficult and very expensive. Therefore, the rotor current of the three phase induction motors is not induced by electrical connections, but rather the rotation of magnetic field.

Squirrel Cage Rotor construction

The rotor type of the motor is made up of a laminated core which is ...

Introduction:

Nanobiotechnology serves as an imperative technique in the development of clean, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis and congregation of metal NPs having the intrinsic ability to reduce metals by specific metabolic pathways. Silver nanoparticles are particularly interesting nanoscale systems due to the ease with which they can be synthesised and modified chemically. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been widely researched due to their interesting size and shape-dependent properties [26]. These novel properties can be tailored by controlling their size, shape, composition, structure and crystallinity. Due to their size features and advantages over available anti-microbial properties, chemical imaging ...

Question 1

The Verizon’s IT-project approval process is being done under the Capital Program Planning section of the telecommunication company. It is the main component responsible of the planning process, in which it includes the company’s strategic initiatives in order to create a long-term plan for the maintenance of the resources and other important things which are needed by the information system. Generally, the Capital Program Planning is divided into three sections: the project identification, approval, and funding (Capital and Maintenance Planning, n.d). Though it seems that the second part covers the approval part, the other two sections are ...

Abstract

Introduction The history of Europe indicates that communication in the region was only limited to certain route maps. The route maps were drawn to connect different stations with orders being sent out with messages. Although in some cases the message was written covering sensitive issues, the messages were dictated to the messenger and repeated to the receiver. This system was highly inconvenient since the individuals were often pushed into placing their trust on an individual and the telegraph came to end this (Carey 12). Distortion of the messages often led to the need for repetition or affected how well ...

For this article, I have located an article from a known media news source on the subject of science. It deals with scientific research and findings, as well as additional critique by a second and different article. The theme for this study and analysis is that of the physiology of human color vision. The online article by OSA specifically describes the contents of a published scientific research experiment related to the topic. Having found the media article itself, I will then find the original media article which is being referenced by the OSA article, and in which that news ...

Management Information Systems

Management Information Systems

Introduction

Google as a company has continued to set the pace for other technology industries over the recent past when it comes to technological enthusiasm. This is as a result of the continuous introduction of new projects both in software and hardware markets. Each of the projects has proven to be exceptionally good and has resulted in a simplification of tasks which were previously considered impossible. Some of the most innovative products set to be launched by Google include the Project Wing set to be launched in 2017, which is actually a drone delivery service, Google Fiber ...

English astronomer W. Herschel discovered planetary nebulae in about 1783. Nebulae received the name "planetary" on account of their external similarity with the images of distant planets, light wheels of which are different from the point images of the stars. “A planetary nebula is a beautiful object created during the final stages of the life of a star whose birth mass was between 1 and 8 solar masses” (“Planetary Nebulae”). A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of an ionized gas shell and the central star, a white dwarf. All planetary nebulae originate from stars that are in ...

Prediction of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Population with Normalized-Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) and Coefficient of Variation (CV)

Prediction of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Population with Normalized-Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) and Coefficient of Variation (CV)

Introduction

With the escalation in cost production and environmental concerns, researchers have in the recent past focused in investigating resourceful means of increasing yields while reducing fertilizer use. Arnall & Godsey assert that the seeding rate and hybrids that promise the highest crop populations is continuously sort by corn cost cultivators worldwide (2013). Nielsen et al. notes that the crop populations are tied to the end yields. Corn populations have greatly increased in Indiana over the past thirty years to make about 340 plants ...

A1 Quantitative Article

Article #A1: Wu, H., Li, Z., Li, H, & Wu, S. (2016). Quantitative phase imaging of breast cancer cell based on SLIM. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 679(1), 1-5. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/679/1/012003

Background

In this article, Wu et al. (2016) used quantitative process in analyzing data created from observing the cell dynamics, in which they used spatial light interference microscopy or SLIM to come up with the data. In this process, they combined the Zernike’s phase contrast microscopy, as well as, Gabor’s holography. Zernicke discovered it back in 1935 when he was able to observe phase objects that did ...

Advantages and Disadvantages of Magnetic, Optical, and Solid State Storage Devices

Magnetic storage is the oldest storage technology and is used in hard disks that are the primary storage device in most computers. The storage devices store data by assigning a magnetic charge to metal that is then processed and converted into ones and zeros by a read head (Burd, 2010). Magnetic storage devices have the advantages of having very large storage capacities, and very fast access to data because they allow direct random access to any part of the device. However, the devices have slow transfer rates, especially when writing. Durability is also an issue with the devices as ...

[Class Title]

Introduction There is no limit to what human intellect can achieve. This mindset is particularly evident during the Renaissance; a period in European history wherein there was a significant ‘rebirth’ or revival of classical work. Scholars believe that the Renaissance started sometime in the 13th century and ended at the onset of the postmodern era in the late 16th century. During this period, Europeans became increasingly interested in the arts, architecture and science of ancient Greek and Rome. The significance of the Renaissance is that it ended the long period of cultural darkness that characterized the Middle ...

Introduction

Taking measurements may require the conversion of the measured quantity to electrical quantity. Transducers are devices or elements that perform this function by transforming physical quantities such as quantities like sound, light, or temperature into electrical signals like current, voltage, or capacity. Transducers consist of inputs, sensing elements, transduction elements, signal processing, and electrical outputs. The inputs known as the measurands are the quantities, states, or properties that are to be translated into electrical outputs. The sensing elements accurately measure these input energies and sends the information to the transduction elements to be transformed into the desired form. The ...

Art is primarily seen as a depiction of the current on goings of people or what they face in their daily lives. Renaissance art is, therefore, a typical representation of the Renaissance period. During this period, European art was revived against a backdrop of economic growth. In this period, there was development of new technologies that steered various forms of art like philosophy, literature and much more. In this case, the art of painting seems to draw so much of our attention since it gives a more vivid picture of this particular period. Most forms of art were used ...

The term organic semiconductor is used for denoting the class of materials that are based on carbon, which takes part in semiconducting characteristics. And therefore, many of the attractive optoelectronic features exhibited in organic semiconductors emerge from the properties of carbon atoms. Organic semiconductor materials fall into two broad categories, i.e., low-molecular weight organic materials and polymers (Ishii et al. 2009). The individual energy properties are different as can be seen below. The bonding nature manifested in organic semiconductors is fundamentally dissimilar from those seen in their inorganic counterparts. The solid molecular crystals of organic semiconductors are bonded with ...

The Holy Forest is a collection of abstract paintings created by the American artist Stephen Westfall inspired by Robin Blaser’s book Holy Forest. The artist’s adherence to minimalism is what makes the painting truly remarkable and its vivid colors make it noticeable even from a far distance. Westfall was born in 1953 in New York; as a beginning artist, he studied the works of Modernist masters specializing in abstract design. In addition, Westfall also served as an assistant at Rutgers School of Visual Arts. Throughout his career as a painter, he cites the influence of Henri Matisse ...

WINTER 2016

PURPOSE: APPARATUS: Fiber optics of various lengths Trainer boards Function generator and LED Circuits Radio Wood board and tape Reflective Material Paper Ac voltmeter Cables INTRODUCTION: Fiber optics refers to a field of study under both engineering and applied sciences. It deals with the designing and usage of optical fibers. The fibers are flexible and transparent manufactured through the drawing of plastic or silica (glass) to diameters slightly greater than those of human hairs. Most often, optical fibers serve in the transmission of light between the two fiber’s ends. They find a wide use communications since they can ...

I. Introduction Advances in recombinant DNA technology and bioinformatics-based data analysis have driven the explosion of structural biology in the last two decades (Kelly, Jess, and Price 119). This has resulted to the identification of at least 2000 proteins annually and a growing need in performing structural studies in these new proteins. The current trend involves the concern of analyzing protein structures close to its natural conditions (and other conditions) and of measuring their rates of structural changes, an essential factor in their biological functions. The technique of circular dichroism (CD) has gained an increasing popularity in addressing these ...

Introduction

Today the world is grappling with several ecological crisis; the effects of Global warming, the degradation of the Tropical Rainforests in South America, the environmental pollution of Oil Sands development in the Canadian Boreal, and the ecological threats from Nuclear accidents exemplified by the recent Fukushima incident. However, the least talked about is Waste management, particularly the problems of Electronic waste, often referred to as e-waste. Not only is the e-waste crisis a massive problem in most developed economies, but it is also quickly becoming a global crisis affecting even to a greater extent the least technologically advanced nations. ...

I had the pleasure of interpreting artist Paul Ramirez Jonas’ artwork entitled Admit One: The Great Hall at Cooper Union. The artist is American Born 1965 in California and currently living in New York. The artwork was completed in 2011; Sheet: 44 1/8 x 77 inches; two dimensional. The materials used in the piece conclude of Ink, coloured pencil, and graphite paper. The frame of the artwork is white, as is the wall behind it. The artwork located at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, includes a seemingly architectural drawing of a grand hall seating formation and a stage, in direct ...

A lens is an optical device used to alter the path of light in various optical applications. Lenses alter the path of light through refraction, which is phenomenon whereby the path of a ray of right shifts when it through materials with different density levels. Lenses are made from transparent materials, such as plastic or glass, which have been molded to give the required shape. A lens can be termed as either simple lens made from a single material, or a compound lens, which consists of an assembly of multiple lenses aligned along a common axis. Lenses are used ...

Description of the best fire detection equipment to be installed in the Electrical Switchgear Room, Flammable Liquids Room and the Office. The best fire detection system to be installed in the Electrical Switchgear Room is the photoelectric smoke detector (FM Global, 2). This is because cables which are necessary in the Electrical Switchgear Room are mostly insulated with combustible materials which would invariably generate smoke as they burn in the event of a fire (FM Global 1). This type of smoke from such smoldering fires (characteristic of burning plastic/insulating) according to the NFPA can most effectively be detected by ...

Introduction

Nanotechnology is a new venture for engineering field and has been seen as a breakthrough regarding materials thus providing a greater opportunity in enhancing both innovations as well as discovery in engineering and science fields. The primary application within the engineering sector have been; to create room for new nanofabrication technologies to improve nanostructures designing and construction which have by-passed the current technology. Additionally, it provides a chance to apply nanostructures in various devices such as magnets, optics, electronics and biotechnology devices (Dvir et al., 13-22). The opportunity is significant because the technology enhances innovation of materials as well ...

Introduction

The fiber optic systems are systems which use light as a mode of communication. The system includes fiber cables which allow for the transmission of light through them. Inside the cable are special coatings for protection and also to enable the transmission of light through total internal reflection (Hoss and Lacy). The light is then converted into electrical signals through the use of light detectors having in mind that the signal was produced by a light emitting diode. The use of optics is very wide since the use of light is much more efficient and also flexible being that ...

Introduction

Bend (flexure) testing is often done in springs as well in brittle materials whose behaviors of failure are linear like concrete, wood, plastic, glass and ceramics. Bend testing is suitable for evaluating the strength of brittle materials where the results of tensile tests aren’t easy to interpret due to the breaking of specimens around the gripping (Schoffstall, Charles, and Robert 234). In bend testing experiment, smooth rectangular specimens without notches are recommended under three or four point bend arrangements. Figure I below illustrates three point and four point bend arrangements respectively. Figure 1. Bend testing of a smooth ...

Discovery of ultraviolet light

Ultraviolet radiation is very significant in the tanning individual who are interested in making their skin look like leather as well as for vampires killing, yet it cannot be seen or else felt. The question is then, how did people discover existence the existence of ultraviolet light? Although light is comprehensively abundant when it comes from its primary source the sun, and it is tough to get hold of it because it travels at very high speed than anything else globally. Since light is subsequently insubstantial, for many years, individuals managed only to collect a few frequencies without knowing ...

Summary

The neural network controls physical activities. Recently scientists have found out that the neural network can be observed to show different levels of activation depending on an organism’s mental activity. Scientists have gone further to devise actual methods that detect brain activity in particular instances. The brain and the neural network never stop working; however, certain tasks cause the brain and the neural network to work faster, harder and more intensely (Garcia). These unique activities usually register or appear as spikes or dips in the never-ending sequence of brain activity. Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators (GEVIs) are a promising ...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fundamental idea about the phenomenon of Supernovae and their significance in understanding the nature of our universe. This paper shall be trying to make an in-depth analysis of different types of supernovae that had been observed in universe and also the factors that cause them. Even though the paper does not go deeper into the technical aspects of observing supernovae and the characteristics of their each type, a significant amount of study has been conducted to make an understanding of how they are observed and the characteristics that make each ...

The purpose of this paper is to particularize the historical, science and technological impact of Li-Fi, to also include the vast reaching context of this incredible point in the wireless timeline. The paper seeks to establish the historic background of the Li-Fi technology as well as its technical working. The possibilities of Li-Fi extend to the application in military and undersurface communication operations. Traffic Management is another area where LED will be of great use. Li-Fi can be used in LED lights traffic managements. Other areas where Li-Fi will be ideal include disaster management, remote location positioning and dead ...

The monitoring of the Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPONs) is based on the optical coding (OC) technique and which is the most cost-effective monitoring technique. The performance of the OC technique relies on the design of the implemented hardware and on the design of the address code chosen. With an increasing number of GPON users, the address code selected must has the ability to support a number of code-words that are equal or larger than the available users. The main purpose for this research is to improve the GPON monitoring system using the OC technique. This research has developed ...

Electrical engineering is the largest technological filed in the world. The field offers educational and research opportunities in electronics, photonics, and nanotechnology; sensors, computers, and networking; and communication and control, signal and image processing. Competent electrical engineers have vast expertise in design and development of one or more careers of the discipline: telephone networks and switching systems, receivers and transmitters of radio, television and communication systems, generation and distribution of power, computer systems among others (Chen, 123). Electrical engineers implement, test, install and maintain large-scale electronic devices and machinery used in manufacturing, generation of electric power and transmission. An ...

Qn1

My advice to William job is that there are tax implications for selling the shares at a profit. In the event that the stocks are sold at a profit then William Jobs will incur capital gain tax. In This case the market value of the inheritance of $ 500,000 has a current market value of $550,000 today. The capital gain on the shares is $ 50,000. However, the rate applicable is based on the length of time the shares are held. The sole reason is that it prevents the effect of fluctuation in the market. The taxation of ...