Carbon Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Literature Review on Carbon Fibers

This paper sums up a literature review on a unique and astounding development in the field of Science, known as carbon fibers. Although, they were discovered during late 1800s for the first time, their true potential was not realized until mid 20th century, and even today, researchers are experimenting over new areas of application for carbon fibers. The paper will further discuss; different areas of application, the composition, structure and characteristics of the carbon fibers used, along with a list of merits and demerits of using carbon fiber in place of a traditional alternative in modern engineering.

Carbon fibers have molded into many ...

Literature Review

Tourism’s basic purpose is to visit other places, cultures, traditions and expand one’s experience of the world. That is why Murphy (2013) argued that tourism is natural renewable resource industry in which visitors visit only to admire. However, tourism is so popular that this industry is producing 5% of the world GDP currently (“United Nations Environment Programme,” 2014). Hence, with the growing amount of money in tourism, the tourism industry is becoming recklessly extravagant when it comes to exploiting resources and harming the planet. But in tourism, sustainability is important to avoid noxious effects on people, environment ...

In order to allow for free movement of electrons, graphitic carbon materials have a tendency of sharing crystalline domain (Fitzer & Köchling, 1992) for increased conductivity (Walker, P. L., 1973). In the study carried out by (Novoselov, et al.; Bazaroz & Nikolaev, 1989; Liu et al., 2004; Harfanist et al., 2004; Coleman et al., 2006), the use of graphitic carbon in several applications including the next generation electronics, composite materials (Coleman et al., 2006; Chen, I.-H., Chen, C.-Y., & Wang, 2010), activated carbon fibers, fuel cells (Wang, Zhao, & Niu, 2007; Marta, et al, 2008), sensors and batteries (Besenhard, 1999; Hess, Lebraud & Levasseur, ...

Abstract

Studies in mechanics have evolved to be the most fundamental tool in the innovation of new materials and advanced technology. Specifically, studies in Continuum Mechanics, has been very influential in producing materials that exhibit various desirable characteristics at the expense of size and weight. Nanotubes are a perfect example of how this study has impacted the evolution in material technology. It has been used as the basis for the explanation of these complex materials as well as provisions for their behavioral effects during machining. The wide use of nanotubes in fragile fields like technical textile supplements, truly depict the stretchy ...

Introduction

Carbon dioxide is the main byproduct in a brewery. Accordingly, we have identified source of carbon dioxide, as an exhaust gas produced in a brewery. This report explains how such a source of carbon dioxide can be harnessed for future use.

Air extraction technology to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide

We understand that due to excessive burning of fossil fuels there is abundance or more than expected amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Accordingly, carbon dioxide can be extracted from atmospheric conditions using various technologies. This technology of carbon dioxide capture is a step wise process, which is called air extraction (Zeman and Lackner, 2004). In this technology, the ambient air ...

Introduction

Waste management refers to the process of collecting, transporting and disposing trash, sewage and other waste materials. There are different sources of waste including residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal, agriculture and manufacturing and all these waste products whether solid, gaseous, liquid or radioactive come under the realm of waste management. Due to the rapid growth and fast development in Australia, the country has produced waste on humongous amount. As per the data provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, the growth of average annual rate of waste production in Australia is about 5.4% between 1996-97 and 2006-07. ...

1.0 The Company and Its Products
Royal Dutch Shell PLC (Shell) is a public limited company, founded in 1907 as the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and registered in England and Wales with headquarters in The Hague, the Netherlands (Shell, 2014a, p. 9). After it was renamed in 2005, Shell became the single parent company of two publicly-traded subsidiaries: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (RDPC) and The “Shell” Transport and Trading Company (TSTTC) (later renamed as The Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited). RDPC handles upstream and downstream production activities, while TSTTC handles transportation and trading.
In the upstream segment, the ...

Amongst the biggest problems that are being recognized is the phenomenon of global warming. This is an alarming issue for the environmentalists as they believe that the sustainability, worse yet, the livability of the planet is at stake because of it. Because of the economic and industrial conditions of the planet, the climate of the earth is changing rapidly. The average temperatures that are being measured are increasing very quickly, and it is feared that in a short period of time, the temperature of the planet will rise higher than what is comfortable (Root).
The problem of rising temperatures ...

Vid30 complex participation in the degradation of CDC25 in yeast and their role in Ras/ cAMP/ PKA pathway

Background:
Unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its total life cycle is exposed to diverse and changing nutrient conditions. Thus, in order to survive and achieve a competitive advantage, it has adapted itself such that it not only uses the wide range of available nutrient sources but also the sources that are nutrient rich. It mainly uses fructose and glucose by rapidly fermenting to alcohol. In response to these nutrient conditions, the intracellular trafficking transcription and turnover of protein from nutrient transporters (e.g. Hxts) get regulated. Therefore, when the availability of the glucose increases, the expression of low- ...

Introduction

Thin films are in use since ages, and in old times people used to beat gold with hammers into thin films about less than one μm thickness and then used this thin film for gold coating of different stuffs. Thin films are used in many materials and do use them in daily life but are not aware of it. If one wax cars or paint homes that mean, they are applying a thin film.

Bulk Material VS thin film

Bulk materials are those materials that are mined. They are referred to as Bulk solid in mining and mineral industry. The material that can be stored ...

There are numerous threats to the fragile ecosystem of Earth; one of the most debated theories is that of Global warming. This paper is on findings and information collected over past years and results of Global warming on this planet. We will discuss the Causes, Effects as well as Positives from Global Warming. Through the years strange changes have occurred in nature and the atmosphere, these include ice caps rapidly melting and holes occurring in the ozone. In order to solve these mysteries scientists from around the world conduct studies to determine if the threat of global warming is ...

Visitors’ Perception on Westminster London as a Sustainable, Responsible, and Environmental Friendly Destination

Referencesp.41
List of Figures
Figure 1. Findings from the questionnaires
Figure 2. Finding for three sections of sustainability, responsibility and environmental friendliness
Figure 1.1. Sustainability
Figure 1.2. Responsibility
Figure 1.3. Environmental friendliness
Abstract
Sustainable tourism is one of the rising trends in the tourism industry. More and more stakeholder groups are starting to realize the importance of their assets. One of the best ways to preserve tourist destinations (i.e. the assets) is to promote sustainable, responsible, and environmental friendly tourism management. Unfortunately, engaging in those kinds of practices and operations can be costly. Most tourism industry firms are still ...

The Bhopal disaster

- Causes
The Bhopal disaster, was an industrial accident that occurred on the night of the night of the 2-3 of December at a pesticide plant in Bhopal India .[1] The company that owned the plant was the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), a subsidiary of the American company Union Carbide Cooperation (UCC).Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate gas (MIC) and other chemicals leading to the instant death of more than 3,800 people and causing significant health problems to thousands of people who lived around the plant.
The manufacturing process employed in the plant ...

The excellence of the air around us is referred as ‘air quality'. In the case when the area is given good air quality credit, then it means that the air around the area is clean and most of all, unpolluted. Clean air is the most important aspects required for all living creatures on this planet. There are variant factors that causing poor air quality or pollute the air. The emissions from factories and vehicles used to play a major role in air pollution toxins. When the concentration of the pollutants reaches beyond the mark and can affect the health of ...

Reference

1. Amin, M., S. Amin, and M. Ali, Monitoring of leakage current for composite insulators and electrical devices. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci, 2009. 21: p. 75-89.
2. Vlastos, A.E. and T. Orbeck, Outdoor leakage current monitoring of silicone composite insulators in coastal service conditions. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 1996. 11(2): p. 1066-1070.
3. Amin, M., M. Akbar, and S. Amin, Hydrophobicity of silicone rubber used for outdoor insulation (an overview). Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci, 2007. 16: p. 10-26.
4. Tingtao, Z., et al. On-line monitoring system of insulator leakage current based on ARM. ...

Garbois, Cyril. "Online Banking in the GCC." AtKearney (2013): n. pag. Web.
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is an economic and political alliance which was established in May 1981 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It consists of six countries in the Middle East. These countries are Oman, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Qatar. The main objective of the formation of this council is to achieve unity among the countries. Consequently, the success of this council is due to the fact that the member states share common cultural and political beliefs rooted in the Islamic faith they profess. ...

ENERGY RELATIONS

Introduction
The US and Canada have been supporter and challenger, associate and adversary, foe and friend- throughout their history. As a result, the two nations have experienced durations of conflict with one country’s national interests dictating actions that caused adverse effects on the other (Behiels and Stuart 2010; Andreas 2013). Since the 1980s, however, the two nations have increased their energy relations through integration and cooperation (Hooper and Newlands 2012). As such, significant issues have often been resolved through negotiated compromise. Nonetheless, some US-Canada trade relations have been unsuccessful. For example, although the two nations are widely known ...

Introduction:

Clean non-polluted water is a major basic requirement for all the living things. Nowadays, its availability becomes a major problem in the ecosystem. This problem is expected to increase in the future due to population growth and industrialization processes. The processes discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes contribute largely to the contamination of existing natural waters in the environment. Therefore, at the present moment, it is important that the pathogens and pollutants are completely removed from the waste water to cater for the needs of domestic use, industrial use, and irrigation purposes. This paper discusses two processes of oxidation and ...

Introduction

One of the byproducts of urban growth and development is the waste production. As per the report of the World Bank (2013), OECD countries produce almost half of the world's waste, while South Asia and Africa are listed as the regions producing the least amount of waste. The Basel Convention defines 'wastes' as substances or objects that need to be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of national law. European Waste Catalogue shows 850 types of wastes out of which 420 types of wastes have been classified as hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes are those wastes considered to be ...

Abstract

This paper aims at identifying and elaborating the development and functions of the human placenta, an organ that supports growth and development of the fetus. The human placenta is a fetomaternal organ that supports the development of a growing embryo by providing nutrients and gas from the mother to the embryo. Notably, the human placenta facilitates nutrients and gas exchange between the fetus and the mother which helps in maintaining fetomaternal tolerance. The placenta can release metabolic products into fetal and maternal circulations and it also metabolizes various substances. It also protects the fetus against maternal diseases, infections, and certain xenobiotic ...

The use of breath analysis to determine the state of a person’s health is a concept that dates back millennia (Gouma 26). Cardiovascular disease is an ailment for which current analysis methods involve invasive sampling. It has been suggested that the amount of cholesterol in blood can be measured by the amount of isoprene (Karl et al. 762) or carbon dioxide (Amann 34) in the breath.
One of the early methods to detect isoprene in breath is based on proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) (Karl et al. 762-763). In this technique, the breath sample is made to ...

Self-Organized Network (May 2016)

Abstract—In the form of a literature review, this outline is a brief outline of the intricate, yet fundamental elements of Self Organized Network (SON). The author takes an in-depth account of research studies and basic writings of this telecommunications platform and weighs in on the writings of subject matter experts. In doing so, findings indicate that the technological demands that are placed on telecommunication networks is directly related to the economic chain of supply and demand. Indirectly, there is are environmental concerns that are ignored in meeting such demands that address waste and emissions. While SON may fix ...

The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games are considered the most spectacular sporting events ever held in the history of sports. This is because of the luxurious and amazing ceremonies together with the elevated standards of competition that ranged from marathon and javelin to yachting. It is considered the competition that hosted most sporting activities in the history or sports. One may ask how the environment in Beijing where the sports took place was. In Olympics, the three pillars are sports, culture, and environment. The environment fared well in terms of the sustainability and also contributed positively to the green legacy ...

Abstract

PEBAX (Polyether Block Amide) is essentially a copolymer that offers the most comprehensive range of advantages among the several thermoplastic elastometers (TPE) that are available today. TPE is popular by the trade names of Vestamid E and Pebax as they are manufactured by two companies namely Evonik Industries and Arkema respectively. There are a number of favorable properties that Pebax use and because of such properties, it is currently being extensively used in a plethora of applications like industrial and medical as well. . Remarkable elastomeric properties, a wide range of service temperature, and in several cases, exceptionally great resistance ...

Introduction

Cloud computing provides enterprises and private customers shared resources in the form of computational power and memory for performing strenuous computing tasks. These ubiquitous and on-demand services are offered by distributed servers through high speed internet. The biggest advantage of cloud computing services is that consumers could easily avoid developing their in-house gigantic computing services. They could easily hire resources from cloud computing services and need not having their dedicated computational infrastructure.
There are various models of cloud computing for intelligently utilizing the resources. For managing dedicated on-demand computing resources for many users, a huge amount of cost incurs ...

Introduction

An engine is a machine designed to transform energy into convenient mechanical motion. Heat engines, including external combustion engines and internal combustion engines, burns fuel to produce heat that then creates motion. This paper discusses petrol and diesel engines and compares the efficiency of the two engines.

Diesel Combustion Engine

A diesel engine, also referred to as compression ignition engine is an engine with internal combustion. It makes use of the heated compression to initiate ignition. Further, it burns fuel that has been injected in the combustion chamber. Diesel engines have the highest thermal efficiency at any standards, external and internal combustion engines ...

Green supply chain management

Green or sustainable supply chain management. According to Ageron et al. (2011), green supply chain management is the transparent, strategic, integration and achievement of an organization’s social, environmental, and economic objectives in the systematic coordination of key inter-organization business performance of the firm and its supply chain partners. Ageron et al. (2011) argue that helping other players in the chain is an important as other players will understand the importance of resolving the environmental and social problems. Supporting each member in the supply chain is, therefore, important in any supply chain as all members of the chain will ...

Introduction

Tensile testing is usually conducted to select a material for its application, quality control, and to forecast how the material is likely to react on deployment of different types of forces. The properties evaluated through the tensile test include the ultimate tensile strength, the maximum elongation, X-area reduction and so forth. These evaluations facilitate determination of such properties as Young’s Modulus, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio, and the characteristics of strain hardening [1. 2]. Tensile testing on glass fibre is, thus, performed to determine the quality of the material it contains, and to ascertain its suitability for various applications.

History of Fibre Glass

...

I would like from you after you read the report:
- literature review (chapter 2, 450 words),
- Add one or two sentences in the first paragraph of the introduction.

Report Scenario:
- It shall include a discussion of sustainable development and how it is relevant to the sector and this organisation specifically.
- It shall highlight key aspects of the organisation’s activities that would be affected by a ‘sustainable practice’ philosophy.
- It shall identify key cost saving opportunities for the organisation to adopt a ‘sustainable practice’ philosophy.
- It shall indicate possible ‘sustainable ...

Different aspects have led to many changes in the contemporary society. Todnem (2005) asserts that many people around the globe have failed to handle change despite being the ever-present aspect in life. He examines the various aspects that have caused the disparity when handling change. His statistical evidence shows that nearly 70% of all change programmes that were initiated during the last decade of the twentieth century failed thus calling for the development as well as acquisition of change development skill. This paper gives an overview of literature concerning the approaches that can be employed by not only leaders ...