Literature Review Examples and Templates

Introduction

The leadership is getting a lot of attention as the scholars are emphasizing on having teams scattered all across the organizations in order to reap benefits and fruits of collective wisdom at every organizational level. At the same time, the top managers have to select those team leaders who can work with the people without creating and experiencing difficulties and they may not create paining for others as well.
The personal attribute of extroversion plays a significant role in terms of jelling together the team, but the units have to have leaders with strong extrovert personalities so that they Continue reading...

Thirty-three years ago, Paul Theroux made an expedition from London to Asia via train. During this period, he wrote The Great Railway Bazaar which gave an account of this journey. In “Ghost Train to the Eastern Star”, Paul Theroux embarks on another expedition from London through Central Europe, Turkey and then across several Asian countries such as India, Vietnam and Sri Lanka. The final country that he visits during this second expedition is Japan, after which he makes his way back home using the Trans-Siberian Railway. The Ghost Train to the Eastern Star is divided into 32 chapters. The Continue reading...

“The Little Black Boy” is a popular poem that was written by William Blake and published in the year 1789 as a part of “Songs of Innocence”. In this seven stanza poem, a young African American boy narrates his story and describes about his black identity. The poem was written in an era when slavery was widely practiced in the United States of America and it was legal too. This paper proposes a discussion on the poem “The Little Black Boy” and analyses the message that is conveyed through the poem.
A young and innocent African American child compares Continue reading...

I. Title
At a word count of 17 words, the title is rather long for an average title length. Moreover, it skipped on important information that will let the readers know the jurisdictional or geographical limit of the study by not mentioning “North Carolina” in the main title. However, it does encapsulate the main variable (“brain health knowledge”) and the principal aim “establish baseline information” and rationale (“interventions to promote adaptation and successful aging”) of the study. Although, the part of the rationale (“promote adaptation and successful aging”) provides a clear declaration of the content of the study, it Continue reading...

1.1 Overview
Quantum mechanics is a branch of Physics that deals with the behaviors of energy and matter in the smallest perspective such as the nuclear, atomic, and microscopic levels. Quantum, meaning “how much”, refers to the quantifiable units to energy and matter as observed and predicted through physics. This branch of studies stated with mathematical reasoning of certain experiments that are non-explainable through the classical mathematical methods. Physics revolutionized during the early 20th century (Coolman, 2014). Various models has been developed by scientists since them to help them in their experiments in studying particular behaviors of reaction mechanisms Continue reading...

Walt Whitman published A Noiseless Patient Spider (778) in 1891 and uses vivid imagery in every line to depict the story of a spider the author sees. This paper will explore the poem line by line to discuss how Whitman uses imagery and metaphor to convey deeper meaning.
In line one, Whitman begins his use of imagery as he describes the spider as “noiseless” and “patient” (1). These words seem to be used to establish a somewhat somber tone, as the spider has no noise, which in the context of the entire poem, seems to mean the spider has Continue reading...

Abstract

Business environment is increasingly changing pushing firms to adapt strategies that seek to enhance not only their competiveness but also sustainability. One such strategy is the M&A that is becoming a crucial tool for growing in both local and international markets. In that respect, this literature review sought to identify the reasons for M&A, their advantages as well as disadvantages. To achieve the objective, the review used past studies and researches on the subject seeking various authors’ views on the reasons, benefits and disadvantages. In the review, it has been identified that M&As have various benefits for all participating Continue reading...

In the days, months and years after the murder of Matthew Shepard in Laramie, Wyoming the entire country and indeed most of the world focused heavily on the victim’s sexuality and the motives behind his murderer’s savagery. For them, Matthew Shepard was reduced to a representation of the LGBT cause; a poster boy of sorts. However, for the people of Laramie, Matthew Shepard represented more than that. In this essay, I attempt to analyze the reactions a number Laramie residents to the events surrounding Matthew Shepard’s murder and the effect this had on them as portrayed Continue reading...

Wit was written by Margaret Edson. This one-act play has won the Pulitzer Prize for drama. It is a story which deals with the medical profession as well as with the culture of education at universities. Both sides are brilliant in this story. Vivian Bearing is represents brilliant academic staff whereas, Doctor Kelekian and Dr Jason Posner represent the brilliant side of medical research. None of them have emotions when it comes to work. The only character which feels empathy for Vivian is the nurse, Susie. She is the only character who is acting humane.
Whereas Vivian is strict Continue reading...

Introduction

The Ford Motor Company is one of the largest automotive manufacturers in the world, and as a result, it commands a large portion of the financial pie in the automotive sector (Ford Motor Company, 2015). The purpose for this particular investigation will be to look into the quality management of the company as a whole. All companies have strengths and weaknesses associated with their various business models and Ford, although a well established and stable company with many assets, is no exception to this rule regarding room for improvements within the company (Mubarak Al-Mubaraki & Busler, 2010). This discussion will Continue reading...

Literature Review

Literature Review

According to McLeskey et al. (2012), it has been made legitimized for the educational institutions to adopt the teaching strategies that can enhance the students’ academic performance. It has been incorporated that students should be provided with the educational resources, infrastructure and educational material so that they can comply with their curriculum by means of acquiring the effective means of knowledge. Teachers in this instance play a significant role due to their versatile teaching styles and it has also been found that the effective means of teaching increases the academic performance of normal, as well as disabled Continue reading...

Different people have different opinions about vehicles. The views depend on the time and experience with different cars. There has been a continuous evolution of vehicles from the earlier horse ridden carts to the current smart and automated vehicles. Thanks to the ever advancing technology that has marked significant moments to innovators and the engineers. The evolution began with the 1908- Model T that was released by Ford Motors. In general, a car is any wheeled vehicle carrying its motor and has the capability to transport people. However, when selecting the type of vehicle to use, there are various Continue reading...

Melanomas are tumors that arise from the melanocytes or the pigment cells (Mihajlovic et al. 739). A common form of melanoma is the primary mucosal melanoma that is found in the mucosal lining of the urogenital tract, respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract (Mihajlovic et al. 739). Primary malignant vaginal melanoma is one such type of mucosal malignant melanoma that is very rare (Lin et al. 376) and very aggressive in nature (Androutsopoulos et al. 1). The first case of primary malignant vaginal melanoma was reported in 1887 and modern literature has noted about 500 cases, globally (Chen et Continue reading...

Hunger, a popular novel by Knut Hamsun, is indeed unwittingly about hunger. What made it controversial were the idiosyncrasies, thoughts that are often one-sided, and the abandonment and depreciation of the author on some of the basic ideologies that other authors in his era so loved, among others. There are simply a lot of things about Hamsun’s Hunger that one cannot afford to miss, not just because of its peculiarity or extraordinary characteristics, if not weird at all, but also because of the moving and entertaining features.
Perhaps from some readers’ point of view, the story in itself Continue reading...

Research Objectives

The principal objectives of this research project are to:
Find the source of the problem that discourages employees from staying within the organization
Determining the different issues faced by employees that are leading to the high turnover observed at the organization
Data collection plan
In order to address the research objectives outlined above, a mixed methodology will be employed. This implies that both primary and secondary data will be collected in order to address this objectives.

Exit interviews:

The first source of primary data for the research will be exist interviews. Exit interviews will provide both qualitative and quantitative data that Continue reading...

Learned Helplessness is a psychological term of human being’s unpleasant or mental state. The research work concerning learned helplessness has its base in the study of behaviorism. The initial definition of learned helplessness was built upon the experiments that included classical conditioning of animals. In particular, has been able to come up with various statements and definitions after many experiments. Under these experiments, the concept of learned helplessness has been defined as the state of failure or the state when emotionally a person feels unstable. The concept of learned helplessness has also been studied and explained as a Continue reading...

Its role in Microglia causing dopamine cell death

This assignment is being submitted on June 18, 2015
Introduction
The list of prominent neurodegenerative disorders has Alzheimer’s at the topmost level and closely following it is the Parkinson’s disease. The latest researches pertaining to the Parkinson’s pathogenesis have narrowed down to the crucial relevance of Neuroinflammation and establishment of microglia. Thus there has to be a concrete substantiation to prove that Neuroinflammation has a significant contribution in causing Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Another approach to ratify the same can be done by proposing that genetic deficiency is not the sole cause for Continue reading...

The International Space Station, sometimes called the ISS for short, was first launched in 1998 (European Space Agency, 1999). Although this does not seem to be very long ago, it was seventeen years ago—almost before cell phone technology really took off around the world. As a result, the technology that was available in 1998 was very different from the technology that is available today; thus, there are many things on the International Space Station that have been upgraded or replaced since the International Space Station was first built in 1998 (European Space Agency, 2015). The ISS is indeed Continue reading...

Literature Review - bicycle safety issue

Introduction
Scope and purpose of clinical practice guidelines
Stakeholder involvement
Rigor of development
Recommendations and application
Conclusion

Literature Review – bicycle safety issue

Introduction
Safe use of our roads is the responsibility of everyone. Road users are categorized mainly as pedestrians, motor vehicle and bi-cycle users. In 2013, 7 43 cyclists were killed on the road during collisions with motor vehicles. Recent statistics show where there has been a significant decline in both walking and cycling, which is responsible for an alarming increase in diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Subsequently, increased frequency in heart attacks has led many to a premature death due to Continue reading...

Introduction

Globally, the automotive industry is possibly the most complex and largest undertaking in industrial history. The complexity of its production has resulted to cars whose main concern was the right price, performance, reliability, safety, market attraction and emission hence ignoring other major concerns like energy security and climate protection (Lovins & Cramer, 2004). Regular (conventional) cars use petroleum products (petrol and diesel) as fuel. (50by50 campaign) research showed that light duty vehicles are expected to triple by 2050. This translates to increased prices, environmental pollution, energy crises, reductions of oil reserves and eventually global warming. These has necessitated the need Continue reading...

2.1 Effective Change Management 12
2.2 Structural 13
2.3 People-Centered 14
2.4 Process-Oriented 15
2.5 Strategy-Oriented 15
2.6 Summary 16

References 18

Introduction
What is change management and how does it relate to operational efficiency? When change is introduced to an organization, management itself on various levels normally decides on altering how operations and related work is practiced. The main categories of change management are organizational structure, job descriptions, operational systems, and processes. Change management varies from project management, where the former is defined as a process associated with the tools and techniques to regulate any personnel or people-related outcomes. The Continue reading...

My impression of the novel is a book capable of inducing the feeling of eroticism, sexual energy, danger, and suspense all at the same time. In my view, the genre of the novel can best be described as an erotic thriller. The novel present a strange intermixing of humans and other supernatural beings. Indeed, the writer follows the modern tradition of presenting vampires as a romantic, erotic and elegant species rather than some demonic creature. The character of Sookie Stackhouse is indeed a very intricate one the more I read about her and the more I become familiar with Continue reading...

*Author’s name*
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The jet engine was one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. It brought a complete change in aviation and flight.

Jet engines can be classified into 5 types, namely : the turbofan, turboprop and the turbojet.

This paper compares the efficiency of turboprop engines and turbojet engines.
Before going into the details, we should discuss the basic difference between the two.
A turboprop (short for Turbo Propeller) engine uses a gas turbine core to run a propeller. The main source of thrust from the engine is the large mass of air that propeller pushes. This accounts for about 80% of the total thrust. Continue reading...

Definitions of Terms

A supermarket is a big type of grocery store that offers self-services. It has diverse varieties of household and food items that are organized into walkways. The size is larger and wider than grocery store, but it is smaller and more restricted in the choice of commodities they sell than a hypermarket (Blythe, 2008). A discounter is a smaller type of supermarket that offers its services and products under a subsidized price as compared to the indicated process. The services however are like those initiated at the supermarket the only difference coming into play through prices. A customer under Continue reading...

1. James Weldon Johnson “The Creation”
Johnson’s poem “The Creation” describes the creation of the world and humanity. However, it differs slightly from the ‘classical’ description of the story.
Judeo-Christian concept of God regards God as an omnipotent and infallible superhuman. Creation of the world was deliberate and the meaning of each item created is described, “And God said, ‘Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.’”; “Then God said, ‘Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various Continue reading...

Yin-ying’s Story by Yuan Zhen

Although Zhang behaved abominably by abandoning her after learning her impassioned feelings for him, I think that Ying-ying maintained control of her life in most parts of the story. This means that she was not totally a helpless victim of Zhang at all. During her initial meeting with Zhang, for example, she exhibited a rebellious nature openly going against mother when she was asked to come forward and meet Zhang. Although she relented in the end, she came in unsuitably dressed for the occasion. The story described her as wearing everyday clothes and her hair not properly combed. This Continue reading...

In order to allow for free movement of electrons, graphitic carbon materials have a tendency of sharing crystalline domain (Fitzer & Köchling, 1992) for increased conductivity (Walker, P. L., 1973). In the study carried out by (Novoselov, et al.; Bazaroz & Nikolaev, 1989; Liu et al., 2004; Harfanist et al., 2004; Coleman et al., 2006), the use of graphitic carbon in several applications including the next generation electronics, composite materials (Coleman et al., 2006; Chen, I.-H., Chen, C.-Y., & Wang, 2010), activated carbon fibers, fuel cells (Wang, Zhao, & Niu, 2007; Marta, et al, 2008), sensors and batteries (Besenhard, 1999; Hess, Lebraud & Continue reading...

Latasha Vaughn

Week6
The assignment in week 5 involved creating a training method for police recruits in the training academy. The first training method selected was an audio-visual training system for crime scene training: hair. This method was selected as it offered a number of advantages to both the trainer and trainee.

Pre-test instrument

The pre-test testing instrument to be used is going to be a questionnaire targeted at the trainer. Before using the training method suggested, other methods of training had been used. These may include direct training in classrooms. When switching to this new instrument, there were a number of fundamental Continue reading...

In Kindred, the main character Dana, an African-American writer, is caught between two worlds – her present and the past of her ancestors. Dana travels to the times of slavery and discrimination and goes back to 1976 where she lives a life of a free successful emancipated woman in California. These time-travels give her a unique experience that helps her understand who she is and find her place in the Universe. Undoubtedly, such an intense experience changes Dana and has a significant impact on her life and world view. I would like to examine one of such occasions in particular.
Continue reading...

LITERATURE REVIEW

Although the concept of corporate governance has been in practice for several decades, it gained worldwide popularity and significance since the collapse of a number of corporate giants and bank chains in the United States in the early 2000s. The idea of corporate governance is the major factor that links stakeholder interests with the objectives of the organization. As Solms and Solms point out, corporate governance could be defined as “the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled” (Solms & Solms, 2008, p.2). In the current business Continue reading...

The article by Jamelle Bouie was written amidst the recent riots that just occurred in Baltimore after the death of Freddie Gray who died while in police custody. Janelle’s article captures the events that followed after what Baltimore residents considered as police brutality from the street riots, looting and burning of buildings, a curfew placement and declaration of a state of emergency. Jamelle also explains Baltimore’s failed past decisions that were made over 100 years ago that define the riots in Baltimore. The audience in this article is not directed to any group of people specifically. Anyone Continue reading...

[Interpretive Question: Why does Adrienne Rich enjoy her moments with her lover when she seems to be against the practice of cohabitation?]
Adrienne Rich’s poem, “Living in Sin”, explores her viewpoints regarding cohabitation, or the mutual decision between lovers to share a single house even if they are not yet married. This poem is not only romance-based, but also suggests implications on the problems concerning cohabitation and having sex outside of marriage, more particularly from the side of a female lover. These conflicts involve the poet’s belief on society’s discrimination against cohabitation, her own sense of Continue reading...

Introduction

The participation of girls in athletics tapers off as they transition into teenage hood and as they become young women. The rate at which female teens stop participating in athletics is much higher as compared to male teens. TrueSport (2014) reported that the number of female high school athletes is about 17 times greater than that of female athletes in colleges. This shows a great decline in young girls’ participation in athletics during adolescence. Women’s Sports Foundation (2011) found out that by the age of seven, the number of girls who have quit athletics and sports generally far Continue reading...

1- Identification of Theory

Kovach, Hora, Manikas, & Patel (2015) stated that the theory of expansion is adopted by large size firms. The firm is looking for expansion into other geographical areas for its product offerings and to run its operational functions at a suitable location. The firm has collected suitable data from 3857 publicly traded firms from the period of 1991 to 2013. The firm has found that narrow product offerings, low geographical diversification, and low inventory slack are closely connected with the firm’s performance. Tenhiälä & Helkiöb (2015) discusses Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The article discusses the control and improvement Continue reading...

Comparison of Honey Treatment and Traditional Ointments in the Treatment of Pressure Ulcer: A Literature Review

As a natural remedy, honey has been used historically as a wound dressing globally. In addition to the low cost, clinical observations are suggesting that honey promotes sloughing of necrotic tissue, acceleration of wound healing, stimulation of cell growth, reduction of other inflammation, and addition healing properties. Studies are also showing antimicrobial actions. In this paper, a literature review of five articles published in reputable journals compares the use of honey-based ointments with traditional ointments in the effectiveness in the treatment of pressure ulcers.
Yapucu Güneş & Eşer (2007) approaches the problem of wound management for pressure ulcers Continue reading...

What are the perceptions of students in health-related undergraduate programs of the health behaviours of their peers (e.g. alcohol consumption, smoking) ?
Undergraduate students taking courses related to human health have various perceptions of the behavior that may affect their health, if this behavior is exhibited by their peers (Zhang, 2011, n.p.). Ridder, Heuvelmans, Visscher, Seidell, & Renders (2010) argue that there is a relationship between the actual behaviours reported about students and perceived behaviour by the medical students in Netherlands. The authors used a sample of 1608 students issued with questionnaires regarding the number of students engaged in alcohol Continue reading...

What is the meaning of life? This question has pre-occupied human existence for ages. This quest for meaning is reflected in scientific expeditions, art, and in most religious gatherings. In “O Me! O Life!” Walt Whitman mocks this human pre-occupation with finding meaning. The fear of not knowing what life is and of being dissatisfied with one’s contribution cripples the spirit of life. Not only does he see human folly in people around him but also in himself. Life has become a “recurring” and “endless” lamentation on sorrow, sorrow that is induced by constant self-flagellation. This paper seeks Continue reading...

Introduction

The “Letter to Ren An,” presents a piece of literature that indicates Si-ma Qian`s search for character and his desire to uphold purity. The work clearly shows his wish that he be judged by purity in all his undertakings. The “Biographies of the Assassins” and “the prince of Wei” are educative works used by Sima Qian to demonstrate his attitude. He writes history in a unique way and presents a discussion into one of the greatest records that archives the Chinese way of life. From the two biographies, it is evident that Sima Qian believes that man has Continue reading...

Comment on the following sentence concerning Naturalism in The Vortex: “Human condition is put to the test in one of the fascinating physical environments in the world: Amazonia.”
In the book “The Vortex,” the author attempts to build coherently a naturalist ethic that is based on the above statement. The context and nature of the statement are counterintuitive as well as elucidated through the use of simple scientific knowledge about the natural world. In the statement’s context, the world occupies fascinating surrounding. It is through the engaging environment that the human species experience tests, aimed at their survival. Continue reading...

The poet, Adrianne Rich, uses a sense of time to express deep emotions in her art works. In the case of the two poems, “In the Evening” and “In Those Years”, time is used to tell the readers what she feels about her relationship on life and love. Also, there seems to be a general theme of sadness in her poems, and even of regret on certain things that have been lost as many years pass in her lifetime.
In “In Those Years”, Rich tells the feeling of losing mutual love as they grow older. This is seen in Continue reading...