Essays on Autism Spectrum

Introduction and Literature Review Draft

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders present with various behavior challenges (Ludlow, Skelly & Rohleder, n.d.). Self-stimulatory is among the many behavior challenges with which children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present (Cunningham & Schreibman, 2008). This behavior entails the repetitive body movements. The self-stimulatory behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is related with various senses. Some of the senses highlighted by Edelson (2017) include visual senses such as hand-flapping repetitive blinking, and staring at lights. The self-stimulatory behavior involving the auditory senses include the snapping of fingers and the tapping of the fingers. Others senses that are related ...

Preamble

Autism Speaks (2012) argues that autism spectrum disorders are not the causes of the challenging behaviors that are witnessed in children diagnosed with the disorders. Instead, the biological processes that cause the disorders also cause the challenging behaviors. Whether there are divergent perspectives can be determined by reviewing literature on the subject. The following is an annotated bibliography with the sources that offer insight on why individuals with autism spectrum disorder engage in challenging behavior. Connie, A. (2011). New research on children with ASD and aggression. Retrieved from http://www.iancommunity.org/cs/simons_simplex_community/aggression_and_asd The researcher argues that the response of the parent to ...

Additional observation and information that is required to start planning treatment

First, I would get information on any associative conditions specifically behavior since I want to enhance Riley ability to socialize with the fellow students. I would gather this information by observing his social interactions.

Determining if Riley has eating problems is also important in planning treatment.

I will get this information by giving him some food to chew and then observing the process. This information is important since it will help the Teacher Assistant in training Riley on how to feed himself. Finding if Riley has sitting problems associated with abnormal postures or hip subluxation is important. I would get this information by observing him for any gestures of uncomfortable sitting ...

Behavioral interventions can be grouped as either antecedent-based interventions (ABI) or consequence-based interventions (CBI). CBI is a group of practices in which the problem behaviors are addressed by manipulating the reinforcement or punishment stimuli following an observed behavior, whereas ABI refers to a group of behavioral interventions that are concerned with the modification of environmental factors that are believed to precede problem behaviors (Tullis, Cannella-Malone, & Payne, 2015). Therefore, ABI strategies are implemented before the problem behavior occurs, so their unique quality is the possibility of problem behavior prevention, which makes the behavioral change easier to maintain compared to results ...

Methodology and Research Design

The choice of a methodology in a research is based on the properties of the methodology and their ability to meet the purpose of the study in a qualitative research or to answer the research questions in a quantitative research. The analysis of the methodology chosen by the researchers can shed light on the appropriateness of the choices with respect to their ability to meet the purpose of the study. This paper explores the methodology and research design chosen by Humphrey & Symes (2010) in their article on Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism ...

Phenomenological Approach

Williams and Bowler’s article “Autism spectrum disorder: Fractionable or coherent?” is the in this paper. The persistent link for this article is http://aut.sagepub.com/content/18/1/2.full.pdf+html while its digital object identifier (DOI) is 10.1177/1362361313513523. There are a number of pointers in this article showing the researchers deployed phenomenological approach. First, the article opens with such a concerted effort to both investigate and describe Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this, the researchers approach ASD from different angles. Second, this article rotates around trying to understand different researchers’ understandings, perspectives, and perceptions on ASD. For example, the authors observe that “behavioral deficits ...

Capella University

PSY7650 Children with autism spectrum disorders are prone to bullying and stigma. This is especially the case when they are mainstreamed into classes with students with other disabilities and those without any disabilities. Mainstreaming offers more opportunities for the children with disabilities to learn, especially through the interaction with other students. However, the challenges that bullying presents might serve as impediments that reduce the ability of the children with autism spectrum disorder to benefit from the additional learning opportunities (Humphrey & Symes, 2010). The main topic upon which the research is based is the bullying of children with autism spectrum ...

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Abstract

In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) grouped all subcategories of autism-related disorders in one umbrella, and it is called autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social skills deficits, many children from all around the world are afflicted with this disorder. Throughout the years since its discovery, researchers and mental health experts have been interested in completely understanding the nature, etiology, and possible treatments for ASD. Through continuous research efforts and studies, several perspectives have been established to explain the causes of ...

Identification of the Article and Its Methodology

The article upon which this paper is based is the Responses to bullying and use of social support among pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream schools: a qualitative study which is authored by Neil Humphrey and Wendy Symes. The article was published in the 10th Volume, number 2 of the Journal of Research in Special Education Needs in 2010. The article is based increased mainstreaming of children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. While the authors laud the efforts towards mainstreaming, they still recognize the insurmountable challenges and barriers that may serve as impediments to children ...

One of my research study hypotheses is as follows: when compared to other types of interventions, the Picture Exchange Communication System (SPECS) is significantly more effective at promoting functional communication between individuals. The null hypothesis (Hₒ) states that there is no statistically significant difference between SPECS, and other types of interventions, with respect to the efficacy of promoting functional communication between individuals. This research study comprises a total of three distinct research questions. The first research question (already operationalized as a hypothesis) has an independent variable, which is SPECS applied to the given sample of individuals with Autism Spectrum ...

Autism is a disability that affects the developmental ability of the individual in either their verbal or nonverbal communication, their socialization or their levels of interests or activities. Children with autism often have difficulties with their sensory processing they may sometimes overreact or underreact in depending on their situation (Sheehan, 2016). There should be a definite distinction in the way children with autism and those with learning and attention disorders are treated and how their learning is facilitated. These two conditions are entirely different, despite having similar symptoms. When developing an action plan for helping children with autism with ...

Jane Doe

Autism is a disease that begins to show signs in early childhood and continues throughout the individual’s life. There are wide arrays of signs, symptoms, and behaviors that can be seen among those who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which can make proper diagnosis challenging at times. To better understand the complex nature of ASD, several videos are observed and correlated with the diagnosis criteria from the American Psychological Association’s DSM-V. The following six videos each display a variety of autistic individuals of various ages that show the different symptoms common to ASD.

Video 1: Two Year Old Boy

In the ...

Lifespan, Development and Theory of Professor Christopher Gillberg

According to University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2016) Professor Christopher Gillberg on May 12th, 2016 was recognized and presented with INSAR (International Society for Autism Research) achievement award. He was acknowledged for his significant contributions to extensive research on autism spectrum disorders. At his early adulthood, Christopher did a lot of research and has written a number of publications in the field of neuropsychiatry and development medicine. He has focused mainly on autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability Christopher Gillberg achievements can be attributed to nature/nurture, behavioral and sociocultural theories of development. Constant exposure to ...

Christopher is seven years old and attends a district 75,6:1:1 classroom. He is an only child

and he was born in the United States. His parents migrated from Ecuador and they speak

Spanish at home. While his father is able to communicate with a limited vocabulary his

mother has less command of the English language. Christopher is on the Autistic Spectrum and he has been having Speech Therapy to help him develop his language.

Personal Identity

Personal Identity can be defined as the perception of self that grows over time. It is defined Christopher’s personality has been formed by the influence at home, in his formative years. Many migrant families in the US bring up their offspring with the concept that ‘children should be seen and not heard’. This is in ...

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

The exact causes in regards to why people develop an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still largely unknown. Most experts postulate that it probably has multiple causes. Chief among these reasons are the development of the brain as well as genetic components. The evidence strongly indicates that direct environmental factors such as being exposed to certain substances, the diet of the mother during the pregnancy period, or the diet of the child after he/she is born do not cause ASD. Furthermore ASD is not believed to be affected by parenting skills or style. However, it is believed that outside ...

Asperger syndrome (AS) is a disorder on the autism spectrum but unlike autism, the affected individuals tend to have average or above average intelligence. The affected individuals while they may not exhibit visible signs and symptoms of the syndrome, they do display social challenges which are divided into three spheres often called the "triad of impairments." They include social communication, social interaction, and social imagination. (The National Autistic Society). These children may also have other disorders associated with autism such as dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder making it difficult for them to learn and pay attention in a ...

SOCIAL INTERVENTION.

Introduction. Social work is a discipline or a profession that is practiced by qualified sociologists. It involves seeking to facilitate the wellbeing of individuals, communities or even societies (Siporin, 1975). Social work enhances social change, cohesion, empowerment, and development. Social work is interconnected with social justice, Human rights, and respect for diversities. It involves the provision of social welfare in order to alleviate the economic and social problems that people face. Such difficulties include health care, education, and food security (Sach, 2003). A sociologist connects people and structures so as to tackle the challenges of life and promote the ...

Introduction

This paper will define and describe aggression behavior, types of aggression behavior and disabilities in which aggression behavior common. Additionally, the paper shall differentiate between the different types of aggression behaviors and efficient interventions to manage the behaviors. The paper will also outline constructive and destructive actions and motivations behind human aggression conduct. Knowledge of aggression behaviors is significant in understanding children with such behaviors and how to deal with them effectively (Kurtz et al. 2015). Awareness of these terms will, in turn, enhance relationships among children and people with such behaviors and disabilities in a learning environment. This ...

Many people suffering from this disability do have unusual styles of studying, listening to people and a different interpretation when communicating (CDC 3). Scientist studies show that it is a disease that is common in boys than in girls and can be examined in an ethnic or racial group. It is characterized by behaviors such as hand flapping, résistance to environmental change and aggression (ASF 4). Autistic people have been shown to succeed in life with plenty of significant people being named to help give guidance to the young ones that are autistic. The main reasons as to ...

Introduction

Anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are two closely related disorder that affect children and youth between the ages of 1 and 14 years. The condition has been prevailing among many minority groups in the Australia and currently it affects the majority groups. The Australian Bureau of Statistics recorded an estimate of 115, 500 of Australians, which represents 0.5 percent of the total population, had autism in 2012. The number recorded a 79 percent increase from statistics collected in 2009. The age of the victim determines ASD prevalence with high cases affecting children between ages of 5 to 9 ...

Treating Autism spectrum disorder has always been a major challenge for the physicians and the teachers. Recently, there has been a substantial increase in the number of researches being conducted for improving the understanding of the disorder especially concerning school based intervention programs. In this current research, the researcher has tried to explore the efficacy of video modelling as a method of interventional education for the children suffering with Autism spectrum disorder. The researcher tries to further explore how competent the deliverers of the intervention program feel about this plan of intervention. The rate of the disorder has been ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

Autism is a psychiatric problem characterized by the presence of communication disorders as well as short attention span and decreased expression of emotions. Communication problems include both verbal communication and non-verbal communication as, for example, autistic patients cannot use their body language properly. Autistic patients are also unable to treat others as people, i.e. they show impairment in social interaction (Payne, 2003). Among the most important signs and symptoms of autism are repetition of words or phrases, a condition that is also known as echolalia; disliking for any physical contact; inability to understand the feelings of ...

Introduction

Autism is the disorder of brain development. This very disorder has been characterized by varying degrees and includes interaction difficulties, difficulty in terms of verbal and non-verbal communication, etc. The roots of Autism are being found in the early development of the brain. However, the symptoms relating to Autism tend to emerge from the age between 2 to 3 years. The US CDC (Centre for Disease and Control) exemplified that around 1 in 68 American children is Autistic. Some of the studies have also shown that Autism is more common in boys as compared to girls. From the US ...

The progress of learners with disabilities is monitored in order to identify the fitting instructions as well as those that need modifications. Essentially, the standards set to provide sufficient and effective instructions within the curriculum are followed to facilitate changes in accordance with the recommendations from instructors. The reports of students’ success in meeting the course requirements are assessed by professional staff who inform about the necessarily changes essential for facilitating learning. A decisive evaluation of student progress ought to be conducted by displaying evidence from standard tests, observation, and informal checkups among others. The evaluation determines the problems ...

Introduction

The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is one of the most essential diagnostic as well as classification tools used in clinical practice especially in psychiatry, research and other related fields. The tool serves as an authoritative guide in regard to the diagnosis that can used to determine the appropriate the treatment for various mental disorders (Jacob & Patel, 2014). In the light of this, the tool contains various descriptions, symptoms as well as other criteria that is used in the diagnosis of various mental disorders encountered in clinical practice. On the one hand, the tool provides a ...

Children that are identified as being on the autism spectrum often present with sleep disturbances as well. The range of children on the spectrum that have sleep disorders in this study range anywhere from 44-83%. Where ever that true number may be, it demonstrates a high prevalence of children on the spectrum that demonstrate sleep issues. The article selected by Anderson et al (2008), studied children on the autism spectrum who all used the same pediatrician. The range of sleep issues that were reported included having difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and waking too early in the morning. ...

Access to education, anytime, anywhere – this is what online learning promises. The start of the internet and the computer era has given birth to this new form of education. Now, students can complete a program, course, or even a degree from any location, even at the comfort of their own homes, as long as they have online access and right resources. This is why some started to adopt online learning technologies, most commonly known as learning management systems or LMS, such as TopClass and WebCT (Coates, 2007, p. 123). Different educational institutions offering campus-based ...

What does Sacks tell us directly or by implications about the relationship of the brain to time (past, present, future), to identity, and to living a life? Consider: Greg’s history, his neurological disorder, his symptoms suggesting the disorder, what he was like before and after the discovery of his problems, the affected area of his brain, loss and gain, adaptation, the importance of music in his life, the role his parents played, the significance of the historical context in which he lived, the effects on memory, what the disorder implies about identity, how Sacks feels about Greg.

The ...

According to research done in 2012 by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are one in 88 reported cases of children with autism. Over the years, the number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder has risen significantly. Autism Spectrum Disorder causes social, behavioral, and communication challenges. Given that autism can be described as a developmental disability, early intervention is recommended in order to counteract these challenges (Matson, 2006, p.101). It is significant to know that some of the challenges posed by autistic children can lead to delay in their growth thereby, making it hard for a child to ...

This essay describes Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) using the case of Jake, a 2 year old AS patient. It will attempt to use the case in demystifying the experiences and symptoms of AS in children. Rudy (2008) defines Asperger’s Syndrome as a form of autistic disorder that causes its victims serious deficits in their interpersonal skills. The article further relates children that suffer from AS to those that lack the ability to resolve conflicts, manage their anger, participate in teamwork, and communicate effectively and assertively. It implies that such individuals would not only dislike changes in routine, but also display ...

The dynamics of the world today are intense. Technology is changing and the human interest in discovery is growing in an encouraging manner. Just like the cave man, the normal human being is trying to rediscover and discover his surrounding and his environment. Among the ways that he does this is through the media. Television and articles have become the rule of the day. These materials have served a great deal in the life of a knowledge- hungry population, the people of the world. Great amount of scientific knowledge is being extracted from these sources and becomes a law followed by majority. ...

Autism spectrum disorder is not only one disorder, but a combination of disorders, that affect an individual. There are three main features of a person who suffers from autism: a lack of social engagement, difficulty with language, and a lack of imagination. There may be numerous other factors that the person struggles to overcome as well. There is an increase in the number annually of people who are being diagnosed with autism. There is no known cure for this lifelong disease (Comer, 2011).

When describing a lack of social engagement, there are several factors that occur. A person with autism has little or no ...

Abstract

Applied Behavior Analysis has proven to be an excellent method of changing and shaping maladaptive behaviors and developing more appropriate behaviors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Asperger’s Syndrome is considered part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder as described in the DSM V. However, children with Asperger’s Syndrome exhibit higher cognitive levels of functioning and awareness of social situations than many other children with more severe Autism. Is Applied Behavior Analysis and appropriate intervention in introducing social and other behavior skills appropriate for children with Asperger’s Syndrome?

Introduction

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder that affects approximately ...

Proposal for Funding Research on Autism

Proposal for Research on Autism The Chairman, Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SAFARI) New York, NY 10010. Dear Sir, This is a proposal for research into the current parameters of diagnosis of Autism and related disorders and the limitations these parameters place on clinicians and others associated with identification and intervention practices for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Further research can identify other conditions that have symptoms that are similar to ASD. Identifying the possibilities of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis can help parents, teachers, practitioners, and others dealing with children who have Autism, provide better service to ...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing developmental disability in America. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of children diagnosed with ASD increased by 119.4% (Autism Society, 2015). Approximately 1 out of every 68 births in the Unites States produces a child with ASD (Autism Society, 2015). Given that autism is becoming such a prevalent issue, society must change how it handles individuals with ASD. This includes our treatment of school children who suffer from ASD. When it comes to assessment testing for children with ASD, there is still a lot of changes that need to be made in order to ...

The current project is devoted to various aspects of physiological psychology, which have been described by various scholars during the last decades. It will also give various opinions on the same questions regarding the main statements of these aspects. First, in order to have clear understanding of what is going to be discussed, the basic explanation of physiological psychology should be given. Certainly, it is a subdivision of biological psychology or the so-called “behavioral neuroscience”, which studies and researches various neural mechanisms of behavior and perception with the help of various controlled experiments, which include brain studies and manipulations (Pinel, ...

The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) was passed to provide a free and appropriate education for children with disabilities. IDEA is constructed from six pillars that ensure educational opportunity for children with all types of disabilities: cognitive; physical, mental and emotional. The six pillars are: zero reject; nondiscriminatory identification and evaluation; least restrictive environment; free and appropriate education; due process safeguards and parent and student participation and shared decision making (Heward 2006). IDEA was first passed by the Congress in 1975 as PL 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children and signed into law by President Gerald Ford (Office of ...

Autism is a mental disorder that influences the ability of various parts of brain functioning in normal ways. It is diverse in range, varying from patient to patient. Individuals who suffer from mild autism have less mental disrupt, they are independent, can develop social links, can acquire superior jobs and may possess some ability to face challenges. While, others who suffer severe autism have extreme impairment, they depend on others to fulfill their basic needs and require assistance in standby. Due to this extensive range in disorder, detection and therapy plans are still being investigated and modified. Advance monitoring utensils ...

Communication Issues for Children with Autism

Introduction Autism spectrum disorders are a collection of developmental disorders that have been increasing over the past decades. Autism affects every aspect of the child’s development, especially verbal and speech development (Parr, 2010). The communication challenges facing a child who has been diagnosed with autism is an important topic. Millions of parent with autistic children long to have normal communication with their children and the whole experience of having simple conversations with this child can be an overwhelming experience. Parents with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis report in their hand already are well aware of the differences they ...

There are more than 5000 genetic disorders up to date. These genetic disorders are most evident at birth or during the onset of early childhood. This results to admission in different programs in rehabilitation centers, school programs in order to help the victims affected by such conditions. These disorders can primarily affect the body system, muscles and the respiratory system. One such disorder is the Rett syndrome. Rett Syndrome is a phenotypically distinct progressive X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder that affects females (Volkmar et al, 2007). There are different types of Rett syndrome. These include the classical Rett syndrome, provisional ...

“Carers’ experiences of being exposed to challenging behaviour in services for autism spectrum disorders”: An Article Review

Challenging behavior is a common activity that can be encountered in our daily lifestyle. Its definition takes account of behaviors that are abnormal in reference with cultural or traditional practices; and its potency can put other people to harm. Behavior under this category leads a person to be restricted from communal facilities. This paper would review the article entitled Carers’ experiences of being exposed to challenging behavior in services for autism spectrum disorders. In order to give final thoughts about the article, this review will include the definition of the article’s problem, purpose and research question. It would also ...

Parental Involvement and Early Intervention for Children with Autism 2

Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine if parental training and early intervention for parents of children with Autism is beneficial. In recent years. The incidence of children diagnosed with Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder has dramatically increased. Many studies have indicated that early intervention techniques for children with Autism is beneficial in their development. Often these interventions are provided by professionals such as speech and language pathologists, occupational therapists and behavioral therapists. These early interventions can be obtained either privately or through early intervention programs provided by school systems. Training for Parents can be obtained ...

Abstract

Human development is an area that has been one of the most discussed areas of study in the last one century. Cognitive development of a person from childhood days to adult years was studied extensively by a Swedish psychologist Jean Piaget. He is known as the father of cognitive development theories. His four stages of cognitive development, sensori-motor, pre-operational, concrete, and formal, are still considered to be the foundation of the cognitive development process. Piaget’s theory does not touch upon why individuals develop at a different rate or why there are different developmental stages. Vygotsky, on the other hand, proposed a completely ...

PROFESSORINSTITUTION

Operant Conditioning 2 Introduction Operant conditioning is a type of learning where a subject’s behavior is modified through antecedents and consequences. The concept was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov who was studying the digestive system of dogs. The theory of behaviorism was introduced by John B. Watson. Later, B.F. Skinner helped define the mechanics of behaviorism through his work. Over the years behaviorism has grown in popularity and scope. Research has shaped the practice of behaviorism as it has been adapted by many disciplines (education, psychology). The most popular use of Behavioral Therapy today is found in treating ...

INTRODUCTION

Autism is one of the most prevalent conditions suffered by many young people. The important question is, does the prevalence represent an epidemic or is it simply been misdiagnosed, under-diagnosed, or over diagnosed? Autism does not manifest in every child the same way and to the same degree; this has earned in the title of a Spectrum disorder, which means that it has a broad range of diagnosis under the umbrella of autism (Web MD 1). In the past people who were perceived as abnormal was simply labeled insane, today we are much clearer at differentiating between different conditions. The numbers ...

PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology 3a. This is a very wide research problem. An infant named MB was reviewed. The infant was two months of age and was in the stages of infancy. MB spent the majority of her time resting. In the time that MB was awake, there were several experiments that has d been conducted in order to examine her reflexes. MB demonstrated consistent signs of reflex activity with the exceptions of the tonic neck and stepping reflex. MB did not have the capacity of holding her head upright and did not demonstrate any signs of motor development initiations. MB’ ...

Abstract

Autism is autism is an ancient disorder that was first described by The Swiss psychiatrist, Eugene Blueler. Initially, researchers thought that autism and schizophrenia were the same or related, but after various studies, the distinction between the two was made. The disorder mainly disrupts the process that information is taken through in the brain. This includes the formation and transmission. The difference is exhibited in the way the victims interact, behave, learn and communicate. Boys are at higher risk of developing this disorder than girls. In addition, when compared to other ethnicities, Hispanics have a low chance of developing the ...

Historical Overview on the Development of Learning Theories

There are several theories that describe how a person learns. These theories stem from the fact that the learning ability of one person is unique from the other. Learning is a relatively permanent modification in behavior to include the observed activity and the internal processes involved such as thinking, attitudes and emotions. Some studies also include motivation as part of the definition of the learning process. The manifestations of learning cannot be noticed immediately in the observable behavior of an individual. However, the manifestation takes place after the educational program is introduced to the person (Dunn, 2002). The origins of ...

Introduction

Autism is a neurological disorder that affects personal, as well as, social behavior of an individual. Autism affects personal and social communication skills, verbal and non-verbal communication and social interaction skills. Symptoms of autism starts showing from an early age when child is even below three years. Autism impacts functioning of the brain and processing of information by changing the organization and connection of nerve cells with their synapses. Development in children is not uniform, each children shows their own rate of development. However, there are certain milestones such as emotional, linguistic, behavioral and physical that should be achieved by ...

[Author] [University]

Summary

In the study of Murdock, Ganz & Crittendon (2013) entitled “Use of an iPad Play Story to Increase Play Dialogue of Pre-schoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD),” it analysed the cases of four children who have undergone a specific test using an iPad Play Story. The four children namely Bradley, Jacob, Andrew and Joe were all diagnosed of having an ASD and were all enrolled in an inclusive pre-school program. The study aims to find out if the children with ASD will have a development in communication after undergoing an intervention which is an interaction through the iPad Play ...

Effects of the classroom environment on students with autism spectrum disorder

Thinking Having the flair for teaching I have considered learning is the crucial process for an individual’s overall development. At the same time, I have witnessed the difficulties encountered by the students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), at different instances. I remember some of my classmates and some others in my close circles who suffer from the same, how challenging was the learning process to them. Such individuals have issues with communication, social interaction, imagination and sensory processing. All these make a classroom environment and learning process a nightmare for them. They fail to understand and communicate with teachers ...

Hypothesis: Use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will reduce anxiety in children with autism

Independent Variable: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Dependent Variable: Anxiety

References:

Ames, M. & Weiss, J. (2014). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Verbal Impairment: A Case Study. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 19(1), 61-69. Retrieved from http://www.oadd.org/docs/41015_JoDD_19-1_61-69_Ames_and_Weiss.pdf Maron, D. F. (2014, March 19). Antianxiety Drugs Successfully Treat Autism. Scientific American. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/antianxiety-drugs-successfully-treat-autism/ Strang, J. F., Kenworthy, L., Daniolos, P., Case, L., Willis, M. C., Martin, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2012). Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders without Intellectual Disability. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1): 406– ...

Psychology

Introduction ASD or Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autism are two general terminologies that pertain to a group of people that have disorders when it comes to the development t of the human brain. Autism has various degrees in which they are characterized. The characterizations of this brain development disorder were being studied based on the person’s social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and both verbal and non-verbal form of communication. The autism disorder and autism itself have been merged into one diagnosis umbrella of ASD (autismspeaks.org). With all the behaviors being shown by persons that have these conditions, common aspects ...

Mental disorders presently affect a large proportion of world population. The World Health Organization (2012)conducted a status survey, which found that a significant chunk of the world population suffers from various degrees of a wide assemblage of mental disorders. According to the World Health Organization Report (2012), over 350 million people suffer from depression all over the world. In a conflict between, Nature vs. Nurture, scientific community stands divided on the contribution of genetics on Psychiatric disorders and illness. However through this essay, I will put forward arguments based on scientific findings that showcase the contribution of genetics on mental disorders. Unlike ...

In the following essay, we shall discuss a neurodevelopmental disorder and a neurocognitive disorder. Neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum disorders constitute a wide variety of diseases that mainly translate into behavioral deficit in children affected by it. Autistic children often show reduced social skills and being a heterogeneous spectrum no two patients are exactly similar. Neurocognitive disorders can range from mild to extreme and can be caused by various other diseases. HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder or HAND has emerged as one of the most prominent neurodegenerative disorders in the recent past(Mayer, 2013).

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder; recent estimates of autism spectrum disorder ...

Abstract

Autism is not a physical disability. It is a neural development disorder that falls under the umbrella of developmental disorders. There are several other types of autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, including Asperger’s syndrome, Rett syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder, among others. Children with autism display various attributes that affect the developmental aspect of an individual such as the behavioral, communication, and social interaction. This becomes apparent during childhood and continues on to adulthood. Properly diagnosing whether a newborn baby is autistic is difficult during the infancy period because the behavioral symptoms associated with it have not yet fully been developed ...

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II:

Issues Related to Result Interpretation and Test Validity Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II: Issues Related to Result Interpretation and Test Validity The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II (Vineland-II; Sparrow, Cicchetti & Balla, 2004) is a psychometric test used to measure adaptive behavior. Adaptive behavior is defined as the ability to achieve a level of personal independence and social responsibility consistent with expected levels from individuals cultural and age group (Perry & Factor, 1989). The Vineland-II test is comprised of four domains of adaptive behavior: (1) Communication, (2) Daily Living, (3) Socialization, and (4) Motor Skills. The Maladaptive Behavior Index measures maladaptive behaviors, ...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to a group of several neurodevelopment syndromes that havedisorders having a poorly understood etiology. Mental The term ASD has been used by several mental health professionals use the term ASD to represent not only classic autism but also Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, CDD and PDD-NOS (NHS 2012)—disorders that refer to syndromes that share the same impairments (Romero-Munguia 2013).HYPERLINK "http://en.plagiarismdetect.com/plagiarism/index/8c2ae26f5e9428176d21bb1f0bea960009307af6/25242?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ablockabove.com%2Fwhy-fluency" \t "_blank"Romero-Munguia 2013). These are autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), also known as atypical autism (NHS 2012). ASD is characterized by developmental ...

Journals Questions

This journal has been written by Name of Student of Class of Student of Name of College Journals Questions on Social skills groups teach people with autism spectrum disorder the techniques to suitably interact with typically established peers. Social skills groups comprise a small group of individuals with disabilities headed by a mentor. The journals discusses the Social skills groups dealing with the people with autism and my own participation in helping people with autism. Social skills group’s gatherings contain practice, instructions, role play and regular feedback combined with continuous practice to skills for the purpose of ...

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Introduction An obsession is a thought that recurs despite all efforts to forget or curb it. A compulsion is an extremely strong and uncontrollable urge to perform an action. The term obsessive compulsive has often been used to describe an extremely meticulous person or a perfectionist. Such people are often fixated on certain ideas or actions. For example they may be religious fanatics or they may want their things kept in a particular order. You may find them continually arranging things on the mantel or shelf or making sure the door is closed. In fact this a psychological disorder which stems from anxiety. ...