Essays on Independent Variable

1) Theories are to concepts as hypotheses are to variables. Hypotheses depend on tests that suggest multiple variables. On the other hand, theories are made up of concepts ("Theory and Practice of Social Research" 4). 2) Does a hypothesis propose a relationship between dimensions or variables? Yes. A hypothesis depends on the link that exists between two or several variables. Whereby, a slight change in variable ‘A,' leads to a change in variable ‘B.' In this case, it can be almost predictable that if the first event occurs on the first variable, then we expect variable ‘B' to ...

Question #1

The coefficient of determination (R-squared) shows the proportion of variance in the dependent variable, which is explained by the independent variable. Let’s say, the independent variable is the amount of money invested by a population of investors and the dependent variable is their profits received. Assume, the R-squared between the variables is 0.8567. This means that approximately 85.67% of the variance of profit received is explained by the amount of invested money.

Question #2

This phrase means that if the coefficient of correlation shows a strong relationship between the variables, it not always mean that there is a real causal ...

in Healthcare Systems Past Courses: Please list all course completed and currently taking. Remember that you must complete all prerequisites in order to register for a case study.

Implementation of Information Technology in Healthcare Systems

Problem Description Today, the flow of information and integration of technology is a major concern to many firms and organizations, especially when it comes to healthcare system . A lot of countries, globally, are trying to deliver healthcare services in a more efficient, safe, and affordable way. However, in emerging markets, the lack of Information Technology (IT) infrastructures serves as hindrance to the growth and development of the healthcare industry. The use ...

Abstract

This paper explores how research methodologies can be used to resolve organizational issues. Using Starbucks as the company of focus, this paper discusses the qualities of qualitative and quantitative research and how they can be used for investigation and analysis in an organizational setting. It is hypothesized, for instance, that the decline in Starbucks’ sales as well as the poor performance of some of its stores is due to poor customer service. The concept of customer service, however, is too abstract to measure directly. However, this hypothesis can be determined using qualitative research methods as opposed to the quantitative ...

Doctor

ABSTRACT Young people in the United States are battling depression in record numbers, reaching an all-time high of 3 million patients in 2015. Researchers are continuing to search for alternative or additional methods than therapy and medications to improve depressive symptoms in teenagers and young adults. Some studies have demonstrated that as possible option in easing depression is physical exercise. In addition to assisting mental health issues, exercise promotes social interaction, physical health, and appearance. However, research has focused primarily on adults and therefore additional studies are needed with focus on the impact of exercise on depression in young ...

The modern day business environment has numerous dynamics that present organizations with both opportunities and challenges. To this end, Babbie (2013) provides that managers are always striving to understand the business environment to track any changes and trends to develop and implement the appropriate responses where necessary. In this regard, social research has become an essential business practice as it helps organizations to keep track of the market environment. Shipman (2014) advises that it is essential for business managers to utilize the appropriate social research methods to ensure that they get an accurate view of changes and trends in ...

Abstract

Linear Regression (LR) forecasts the value of a random variable (dependent variable) for a given value of an associated independent variable. The regression equation provides the formula for such a calculation. Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) forecasts the bases its forecasts on a weighted average of past data, with more weight on the more recent periods. A smoothing factor helps in providing weight. It generally forecasts for the short-term. In the present case, we forecast the sales data for year-2 for ABC Furniture Company using both the methods. For SES, we use two smoothing factors α equal to 0.15 and 0.90 ...

Abstract

Regression analysis estimates the value of a random variable (dependent variable) for a given value of an associated independent variable. The regression equation provides the formula for such a calculation. In the present case, which is about the analysis of the dependence of total monthly sales on the monthly customer traffic, the consultant first examines to see if there is a correlation between the two variables. To achieve this, the consultant uses the scatterplot, plotting the points on a graph. After analyzing the scatterplot, the consultant is convinced that there exists a strong positive linear correlation between the two ...

Planning future activity plays a crucial role in a company as it plans for the future demands of the market. The future planning of the company for the production, finance, marketing, etc., can be done through forecasting technique. The forecasting plan helps the organization to establish the sales performance goals, get real and accurate pictures of sales, estimates the number of raw materials, the workforce of the production. ABC Furniture Company is one such company that likes to predict the sales for their subsequent year based on the customer traffic data (Shim, 2000). However, before proceeding with the sales ...

Abstract

In 2016, Britain voted to exit the European Union, now commonly referred to as Brexit. The European Union was a political as well as economic bloc. The citizens of Britain voted to leave the bloc for various reasons. However, it is certain that the move will have effects on the lives of people and companies both within Britain and in the rest of Europe. This study focuses on the impact of Brexit on British airways. This is the national carrier of the United Kingdom. The European Union allowed uninhibited travel of citizens of member countries between borders of the ...

The dependent variable in this article is social pressure and the independent variable is social conformity. Asch observes that social pressures are those conditions or forces around people that influence behaviors, attitudes, and opinions. “Groups, societies and experts are some of the group pressures that influence ones character” (Asch, par. 10). Consequently, social pressure is the influence of a group or person to think or act in a particular manner. Most of the people act in particular ways because they do not want to “be left out and thus base their decisions on what others consider to be right ...

About the paper

The paper is commissioned to delineate the linear and log-linear multiple regression model where the dependent variable, earnings per hour, will be regressed against two independent variables, education and experience. As part of this analysis, we will cite multiple journal articles, books and other related sources to learn more about the regression analysis and how the statisticians perform the data analysis these days. Both the regression models, i.e. linear and log-linear multiple regression will be performed in excel and the output will be attached in the appendix section of the paper. In addition, we will also test the significance ...

Summary Paper of Research Paper

Analysis to Study Housing Values in Boston Introduction The analysis of company activities, as well as the enactment of its plans, applies the concept of linear regression as the technique of analysis. Boston is a place in England that covers both the Boston Municipality, as well as the metropolitan region (Bluestone et al. 41). The area is famous as Combined Statistical Area, consisting of the Manchester Municipality, the Cape Cod in Massachusetts, the Worcester, the Providence, as well as the South Coast Region. The metropolitan statistical area entails the part of Massachusetts, the south coast region, and the Cape ...

Introduction

The members of the LGBT community continue to suffer discrimination all over the world. Interestingly, the level of discrimination varies greatly from one nation to another. For example, Western Nations are more tolerant to homosexuality compared to Middle Eastern Nations, in general. Such variation in the level of discrimination suggests that there are governing factors that determine the perception of people towards homosexuality, making it an interesting topic in psychology. In order to fully understand how the perceptions of people towards homosexuality vary, it is important to set some variables and study them. There have been diverse studies performed ...

Discussion

The concept of the correlation coefficient is crystal clear to me. I have understood that the value of correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1. The relationship between the variables increases as the value moves away from zero. However, the movement in the negative direction indicates an increase in negative relationship and movement in the positive direction indicates increased positive relationship between the variables. In a case of negative correlation, an increase in the independent variable leads to decrease in the dependent variable. On the other hand, in positive correlation, an increase in independent variable leads to increase independent ...

Introduction

Compliance is social influence where an individual does what someone else requests. Past studies have found multiple social compliance techniques. The most common of these are the Low-Ball strategy, Door in the face strategy and Even a penny will help strategy. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of each of these techniques in trying to get donations from people. In the current study the first independent variable was compliance strategy (Control, Low-Ball, Door-in-the-face, Even a penny will help), the second independent variable was showing a donation receptacle (full jar, empty jar), and the dependent variable was compliance operationally ...

Identification

The identification section of the questionnaire comprises of discrete prompts. Consequently, the data collected from the prompts will be interpreted through principal content analysis and general conclusions on the data made based on the discrete values. The identification component is mainly used as a control variable in the study; hence, allowing for the identification of the suitability of the respondents in meeting the objectives of the study. Notably, the data will be assessed using descriptive statistics, which provides a general perspective on the characterization of the respondents in the study.

Income and Wellbeing

The interpretation of the income and wellbeing data requires ...

Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States

A00493777 Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States

Introduction

According to a recent presentation by The Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, frequent physical activity among youths and adolescents is an important factor in enhancing strength and stamina, and it is helpful in building healthy bones and muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). It was also discovered that physical activities are a critical factor in reducing stress and depression among the youths. Failing to engage in regular physical activity has been established to cause obesity and overweight as well as other health ...

Introduction

Internalization is the process, as it relates to international strategic management, which requires transaction to occur within the confines of the corporate assets, rather than externalizing and interacting more heavily with the open market. This form of business interaction has certain advantages, abut can also pose serious disadvantages as the business works to move into new global markets. The following paper will work to determine to what extent internalization creates an atmosphere of global risks for companies in the middle of globalization. Currently, there is a shortage of research as it relates to the impact of internalization on business ...

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between social networking and face-to-face communication with respect to their influence on the social interaction skills. The first aim of the research has to determine whether there is a causal relationship between use of social networking tools and face-to-face communication behaviors. The research aims to investigate the hypothesis. There will be a statistically significant difference in change/gain scores for communication behaviors between the experimental group and the control group; Face-to-face communication is associated with the students’ social media networking habits (i.e. time spent on social media networking). There will ...

Question 1

In hierarchical multiple regression, variables are added into the model in different blocks. In this case, the dependent variable is the memory function in elderly people. The research is aimed at finding the nature of the association between memory function and social contact. Two blocks will be used in this regression analysis. Social contact is the primary independent variable hence block 1 will include social contact and memory function among healthy elderly people. The two variables will be regressed to obtain a model. After regression, the R-Squared of the model is checked to determine the changes in Y (memory ...

Introduction

Background of the Study The world economy is currently facing numerous challenges, ones that imped growth and continuous economic development. In reality, there is no such thing as a straight line when it comes to economic development, accounting, and asset management. If history is to serve as a basis, economic development, both on a national and international scale, has been and so can be characterized by a cycle of boom and bust . Based on the metrics that both accountants and economics experts look into when analyzing a for-profit organization, a bank, or a macro economy, the risk of being ...

The Association between Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States proposal

Introduction According to a recent presentation by The Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, frequent physical activity among youths and adolescents is an important factor in enhancing strength, stamina and is helpful in building healthy bones and muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). It was also discovered that physical activities are a critical factor in reducing stress and depression among the youths. Failing to engage in regular physical activity has been established to cause obesity and overweight as well as other health related complications (Azevedo Da Silva et al., 2012). Thus implementing a regular physical activity ...

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

3. Analysis and Findings 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Analytical Tool – Regression Multiple regressions are performed to assess the relationship of single independent variable i.e. crude oil prices (on Brent benchmarking) with all four dependent variables including Indian GDP growth, Indian Balance of Payments, Exchange rate between INR and USD, and the inflation rate in India. 3.3. Measures for Independent Variable – Crude Oil Price Crude oil is the most commonly traded commodity in the international market. Crude oil price stands independent variable in the underlying study, and same is considered for this purpose of analysis. The Periodic time frame for change ...

Wal-Mart is a company that has been massively successful in the United States, although it has experienced significantly less success elsewhere around the world. The company’s massive success has been attributed to a number of social and economic factors; however, it is also important to consider the history of the company and apply predictive modeling techniques to attempt to glean a better understanding of the way sales and net profits are associated for a company like Wal-Mart. Because Wal-Mart is now an international corporation which owns a number of smaller subsidiary companies, the overall sales and the overall ...

Abstract

One of the most prevalent addictions in our society that has far-reaching social, economic and psychological ramifications is alcoholism. At least 16.3 million Americans who are above 18 years have Alcohol Use Disorder as at 2014. However, not everyone who consumes or excessively consumes alcohol ends up with alcohol use disorder. This study speculates that persons with alcohol addiction have an inherently addictive personality and goes ahead to propose a study to investigate it. Using a random sample, a two group-study will be implemented. Personality test will be used to collect information on addictive personality. A t-test for two-groups ...

Introduction

In social research methods, inferential statistics has a core role to play in reaching the conclusion of the analysis. There are two types of analysis involved in a research study inferential statistics and the descriptive statistics. The amount of data gathered from different subject groups cannot solely help deduce the outcome and support of the hypothesis. Inferential statistics facilitates the researcher come up with a conclusion that goes beyond the immediate data. On the other hand, descriptive statistics enable the researcher to deduce information from the given group of data. This case study contributes to explain the various tests ...

Article Review

Article Review

Graphical analysis provides a visual presentation of data (Terpening, 2011). The authors use boxplot for the graphical analysis. Box plots are used to show differences in the means as well as the dispersion for different groups (Rubin, 2012). In the study, the boxplots show the concentration of various mineral across the different location as well as the dispersion of the concentration for each group. The important features are the dispersion measures and central tendency measures. Dispersion is shown by range while the central tendency is shown by mean (Jackson, 2012). The graphs clearly show the means and ...

What is the relationship between the predicted outcome and the claim being tested in scientific experiment? An experimented outcome can be compromised in two ways. What are they and how do they differ? The predicted outcome is a common aspect of science with a particular interest in scientific research studies. In science, questions about truth and the claims of certain phenomena are answered through empirical evidence. Nevertheless, there are instances where scientists make educated guesses on a particular test subject. A predicted outcome can be proved right based on measurable evidence in a hypothesis experiment. On the other hand, ...

The following is the critique of the research article titled: “Measuring the nursing workload per shift in the ICU”.

Research problem/purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the differences in nursing workload between consecutive shifts, using a nursing workload measurement tool. The aim of the study is to measure the workload of nurses between two consecutive shift using the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). This study is designed to solve a common problem related to handling of nursing manpower in the ICU. The research is in line with existing knowledge about man power placement and workload. This research addresses an important issue pertinent to managing the global problem of nurses man power shortage and finding ways to ...

1. Introduction This section defines a systematic approach using tools and techniques of research to carry out a research project (Jha, 2008; Kothari, 2004; Newman & Benz, 1998). 2. Research Approach The research aims to base the underlying study on quantitative approach for data collection. Quantitative methods will be utilized for the collection of theoretical data? A statistical analysis (linear regression analysis) will be conducted to achieve this purpose with the help of the secondary quantitative data relating to chosen economic indicators in India. Past studies can also have some numeric information and inference as well. This way, the study ...

I am writing to develop the importance of using meta-analysis in Christian counseling research. This email will outline the essence of the research technique by critically evaluating Michael McCullough’s article titled “Research on Religion-Accommodative Counseling: Review and Meta-Analysis”. The publication entails fives studies conducted using 111 respondents. The analysis identified that there was no particular evidence that indicated that the religion accommodating principles were less or more efficient that the standard counseling techniques. There is thus the need to utilize religion accommodating practices in future reviews (McCullough, 1999). Meta-analysis is essential in Christian counseling since both religion and ...

Psychology

1. In the mentioned case, the professor has made use of observation research method to conduct the study. It is a participant observation because the professor has made direct contact with the groups with the children. The mentioned information in the case shows that the observation between two groups was identified which indicates that the observation gained would be compared within two group that are assigned to spend different duration with children. 2. Independent variable in this study is the duration of time spent with the children because they are the individual factor that is directed to develop contact ...

It can be estimated that it takes an average number of 200 builders to build a three bed roomed house in a period of about four to five months. The statistical estimation of the time frame and the number of people that can build the three bed roomed house is dependent on the number of workers that are engaged in the construction. Therefore, the number of people required to complete the building in the specified time forms the independent variable in this scenario. On the other hand, the time frame in which the house will be completed is constant, ...

Research Question

The article sought to identify if contingent tutor attention could modify the study patterns and behavioral problems amongst children in preschool. The research strives to add information concerning the social reinforcements of teachers in regular classrooms particularly those in poverty stricken regions (Hall, Lund, and Jackson, 1968).

Method

Experimental Design The assessments were single subject designs owing to the fact that they each focused on one student who had dawdling or disruptive behavior. The observers conducted single experiments for every child to develop comparisons of intervention and control conditions. The authors utilized an alternating treatments form of single design to ...

Abstract

The current government has consistently been trying to reduce the costs of healthcare and at the same time improve its quality. This paper focuses on the current state of healthcare through an extensive research on the population. The research uses a cross sectional design to collect data and come up with relevant conclusions. The research project aimed at using a homogenous population to come up with accurate results. Such a population involves participants who have the same knowledge about the subject. Such participants are easily obtained through a referral process where one participant refers another. A total of 50 ...

One of my research study hypotheses is as follows: when compared to other types of interventions, the Picture Exchange Communication System (SPECS) is significantly more effective at promoting functional communication between individuals. The null hypothesis (Hₒ) states that there is no statistically significant difference between SPECS, and other types of interventions, with respect to the efficacy of promoting functional communication between individuals. This research study comprises a total of three distinct research questions. The first research question (already operationalized as a hypothesis) has an independent variable, which is SPECS applied to the given sample of individuals with Autism Spectrum ...

Business Analytics and Decision Making

Business Analytics and Decision Making

Introduction

Business analysis refers to the process of effecting changes in an organizational operation. This is done through a series of activities that are designed to identify an organizational business needs, and reaching a solution that will bring value to the organization. It includes process development and improvement and as well changes in the organizational culture and management practice. This research paper will explore the relationship between the number of website hits and sales in an attempt to make sales forecast based on the number of hits. The client is involved in the sale of ...

The research hypothesis: H1: In comparison with other types of interventions, PECS is the most effective in promoting functional communication for individuals with autism. The Null hypothesis (Ho) is usually the opposite of the alternative hypothesis H1, it is the hypothesis that the research wants to disprove or nullify (Whittaker, 2012). Therefore, the null usually refers to the common view of something. The null hypothesis is used in statistics to indicate that no variation exists between the stated variables (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2004). For this research, the null hypothesis is as stated below.

Ho: There is no difference between PECS and other types of interventions in promoting functional communication for individuals with autism

The independent variables (IVs) and dependent variables ( ...

Abstract

The study uses the Posner paradigm to determine whether the condition of the cue can affect the reaction time of the subject. Most importantly is that the eye movement was prohibited. Using the data of 143 subjects, the ANOVA method and Bonferroni corrections, we have found out that the condition does influence the reaction time, however the difference between the cues is not significant Nonetheless the reaction time was far off from the target 100 ms due to inexperience and not understanding of the task set before the subjects. The results of the study have shown us two processes ...

Attitudes and Beliefs of Hypnosis amongst Mental Health Professionals and the Impact on the Availability of Hypnosis Training in Counseling Training Programs

Abstract

Nine out of ten general practitioners are approached by their patients for information regarding alternative and complementary therapies, including hypnotherapy, and three out of four GPs provide referalls for hypnotherapy (Hall & Giles-Corti, 2000). A minority of healthcare providers, however, has ever received formal education and training in hypnosis, and a majority relies on lay information from the media and other non-authoritative sources to form its opinions about the merits or demerits of hypnotherapy. Mental healthcare standards dictate ...

1.0. Introduction Salik Tool System has installed two toll gates on Al Maktoum Bridge and Sheikh Zayed Road. According to a general perception, it has helped in easing the traffic congestion in the city due to its automated and quick process of scanning and receiving payments. However, the underlying system also has its critics with objections and reservations on its side-effects. The proposed research will investigate the advantages and disadvantageous of this development by RTA with an intention to reach an ultimate result. This paper describes and explains certain considerations relating to the methodology devised for the research project. ...

1. The present document analyzes the data of a real estate company that has gathered information from 100 homes located in the research area of California. Assessing the gathered data pricing model for the real estate is proposed which can be followed by the real estate officials to make decisions regarding purchasing or selling the property. On the basis of gathered data, the dependent variable is price, and the independent variable is listing price. The size of the property affects its prices due to which it can be stated as an independent variable. Since the price change with the ...

Research variable is the fundamental building blocks of research. It is the basis for a research hypothesis. A research study examines the relationship of a research variable in a particular context. A variable can be defined as anything that takes different values. The same applies to research variables as well. In research, variables are observable characteristic of an event or object. They can take one or more values. The common characteristic of all variable is that they do not have a fixed value. A research variable should have three characteristic features: it should be defined, it should have a ...

Ministry of Health

Oman Specialized Nursing Institute Health Services Management Program 2015-2016 Research Methodology for Health Sciences I Identification of Causes and Consequences of Work- Related Stress among Midwives in South Al-Sharqia Region 4. Methodology

Research design

This study will employ a descriptive design to address the study questions. In this case, the researcher will conduct a survey to obtain data from the study participants. A descriptive design is used in studies that do not involve the manipulation of the study variables by the researcher (Valencia-GO, 2015, p. 97). This study seeks to identify the factors associated with work-related stress (WRS) and its consequences ...

Academic performance is influenced by many factors such as the number of hours attending lecture, doing homework, working and so on. However, in the age of modern life, technology is believed to have certain impact on student learning. Some researches propose that technology can help to improve academic performance . However, the question is that does technology has the same effect on academic performance of female and male students. The purpose of this study is to investigate how technology affect academic performance between male and female students? In this paper, 2x2 design model is applied. It means independent variables not ...

Hypothesis and Methodology

The proposed research paper will focus on the social psychology, specifically on the topic of how deep voices can influence an individual’s perception of another person (i.e. the speaker). This can be assessed in both public and private and formal and informal settings. The rationale behind the decision of choosing this topic is the fact that society puts a lot of weight into figures of authority. It is commonly perceived that the deeper a person’s voice is, the more authoritarian that person is. In some cases, the depth of voice is associated with personality types (i.e. how ...

Impact of Education, Employment and Income (Socio-Economic Conditions) on Health: Applied Multivariate Statistics in Public Affairs

Impact of Education, Employment and Income (Socio-Economic Conditions) on Health: Applied Multivariate Statistics in Public Affairs

Introduction

The present study concerns itself with identification and development of a set of predictive factors for state or condition of overall health in a give country or region. With increasing population and strain on natural as well as human resources, various stress and genealogical health issues are emerging as threats to public health. In this context the work done in this study can be pivotal in an international context. As it attempts and paves way for a establishment of an empirical base for ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is among the most widespread multifactorial diseases that is mainly caused by the interplay between the environmental and the inherited factors. In the light of this, various studies have been conducted to explore and determine the associations that exist between genetic variants in the susceptible genes and the risk for breast cancer. However, these studies have produced varying results in regard to the associations between most of the genetic variants and the risk for breast cancer. As such, the study “Genetic variants associated with breast-cancer risk: comprehensive research synopsis, meta-analysis, and epidemiological evidence” by Zhang et al. ( ...

Narrative:

The topic of the research is to eradicate childhood obesity. A database search was carried out on to identify material that fit the description of the research. The keywords used included obesity, which is a state where the body mass index of an individual exceeds 30. Obesity in children focused on material that focused the effects of obesity in children. Material that contained a reference to obesity in children as well as ways to eradicate obesity in children was considered for the research. Material that focused on obesity in general without being specific to children was excluded from the ...

Abstract

Regression analysis is the statistical technique commonly used in econometric modeling and carrying out economic forecasts. This study sought to assess the precision multiple linear regression in evaluating the evolution in real GDP per capita in the USA between 1998 and 2011 using expenditure approach. Three macroeconomic variables were used; Gross domestic product, net investment and final consumption. Net investment and final consumption are model regressors predicting GDP. The researcher used MS Excel to carry out all the statistical analysis on the data. The analysis result shows weak linear development GDP increment. Small fluctuations were observed around the fitted ...

Abstract

Given that the relationship between music education and mathematics education has been speculated for a long time, the study seeks to investigate whether music education has effect on mathematics education or not. It is perceived that children who learn mathematics through music and dance tend to be more active, and would retain the same information well even by verbal instructions. Using a controlled randomized experiment, the study will involve 6th grade school going children from one city. Before the tests are administered in the factors, as music and mathematics, letters seeking permissions from parents will be sent. The letters ...

Background of Study

Quarrying is a part of the mining industry that focuses on providing some basic and vital elements for building and civil engineering works throughout modern nations. Unlike other aspects of mining, quarrying involves a close connection to the wider society since builders of all categories in a given region of a nation will need materials from quarries to complete their work. Most other mining activities are restricted to a few specialized activities that often lead to output which is sold to specific entities that market the products. However, quarries are opened to almost every contractor in a given nation. ...

The problem that will be discussed is how low income status affects the crime of theft. Theft is a crime that is an enormous problem for the less fortunate. There have been several studies pertaining to how low income status and race have a negative effect on the tendency to commit theft. This paper will discuss how these statistics relate to the poorer demographic and how theft is perpetuated by their cycle of poverty. The first article to be discussed conducts a study of how the rate of poverty is the independent variable in urban areas, (Poverty and Crime, ...

The experimental research has two major characteristics. First, it attempts to influence a certain variable; specifically, it manipulates the independent variable. Second, an experimental research tests hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships. At the same time, experimental research has three types of designs, these are (1) Two Group Posttest-Only Design; (2) Two-Group Pretest-Treatment-Posttest Design; and (3) Matched Control Group Design. The two-group posttest-only design. It consists of two groups, a control, and an experimental group. Randomly, the participants are assigned to either the control or experimental group while the treatment (the independent variable) is only given to the treatment group. Thus, ...

Introduction

Scientific method is described as a field of practices that is used to examine various phenomena, obtain knowledge and even incorporate or correct previous knowledge. The scientific method is established on evidence that is measurable and empirical as well and which is subjected to some standard of reasoning. Scientific method can also be defined as a method that follows a systematic process of observation, experimentation and formulation as well (Hesse-Biber and Johnson, 2015).

Body

The scientific methods of research are question, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis of data and conclusion. Asking a question is the first step of a research and the ...

Explain the difference between multiple independent variables and multiple levels of independent variables. Which is better?

It is important to note that design experiment requires researchers to decide on the type of dependent variable that they should use in their respective study and distinguish the same from the independent variables. However, every research ought to have a single dependent variable, but the independent variables can be many, an aspect that makes the independent variables be considered as parameters. Therefore, for our case, multiple independent variables indicate the use of many parameters in conducting a study. For example, if we take a survey to find the extent of obesity in a given area, and take the ...

The primary hypothesis of the study of “Group Inhibition of Bystander Intervention in Emergencies” was to see if people would see smoke filling the room as an immediate danger and help others by intervening during an emergency or if they would behave in a passive way whether there were others in a room or whether they were alone in a room. The independent variable in the “Group Inhibition of Bystander Intervention in Emergencies” was the people who were there along with the smoke filling the room. They were either there by themselves or in a group. The smoke filling ...

Independent variable was an extrinsic reward for the particular activity. There were three conditions regarding independent variable – the condition with expected reward, the condition with unexpected reward and the condition of the absence of reward. The dependent variable was extrinsic and intrinsic motivation of children. The design of the study was the field experiment what allowed examining motivation of individuals in their familiar environmental conditions. Researchers observed subjects of the study before the experiment to see what activity is the most intrinsically interesting one for subjects. Also, observations for subjects were conducted in the post-experimental period to see how ...

1. Summary As a means to examine the effect of a new treatment proposed for agoraphobia or the fear of open places, a group of researchers forwarded an advertisement in the papers to recruit participants for the study. Out of the 87 individuals who responded, only 60 of them were considered as agoraphobic. The researchers placed 20 of the qualified participants under the new treatment setting (NEW), and it was further explained to them that they will be closely monitored for any possible side effects of the new treatment. On the other hand, another 20 of the participants were ...